CN100569794C - A kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide Download PDF

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CN100569794C
CN100569794C CNB2006100199773A CN200610019977A CN100569794C CN 100569794 C CN100569794 C CN 100569794C CN B2006100199773 A CNB2006100199773 A CN B2006100199773A CN 200610019977 A CN200610019977 A CN 200610019977A CN 100569794 C CN100569794 C CN 100569794C
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gallus domesticus
bioactive peptide
preparation
enzymolysis
molecular weight
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CN1911955A (en
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谢明勇
钟虹光
田颖刚
聂少平
付志红
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Nanchang University
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Abstract

A kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide, it is to be raw material with the Gallus Domesticus, enzymolysis and membrane separation technique by the advanced person, make peptide content height, molecular weight less than 6000Da, the bioactive peptide that is easily absorbed by the body, it has antifatigue, enriches blood, improves biological activitys such as immunity, be particularly suitable for all kinds of chronic diseases marked by deficiency of vital energy crowds' nourishing and treatment, preparation technology is scientific and reasonable simultaneously, environment friendly and pollution-free, sepn process is a normal-temperature operation, saves the energy, and is easy to operation, the efficient height is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.

Description

A kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide.
Background technology
Gallus Domesticus is the long-term peculiar medicinal health chicken kind of raising of China, and Gallus Domesticus both can have been made up a prescription into compound as traditional Chinese medicine, can eat separately again, has invigorating the liver and kidney, replenishing QI and blood, reducing the asthenic fever, controls effect such as pain in the chest and abdomen.Also be usually used in worn with age and have a delicate constitution, malnutrition, hepatitis, diabetes, diarrhoea, anaemia, rush down for a long time, disease such as protracted dysentery, obvious curative effects is all arranged.Gallus Domesticus is to all kinds of chronic diseases marked by deficiency of vital energy, as the deficiency of vital energy, the deficiency of blood, insufficiency of the spleen, suffering from a deficiency of the kidney, have a guilty conscience etc. all has better curative effect.Have a delicate constitution for children's, worn with age, particularly all diseases of gynaecology are particularly effective.The eater conscious full of physical strength, full of vitality, sleep is good, working efficiency improves, various disease alleviates; Main nutrition of Gallus Domesticus and functional component are the protein of Gallus Domesticus, Gallus Domesticus protein is after being taken in by human body, various protease hydrolysiss are absorbed by the body after becoming total free aminoacids and small-molecular peptides in body, bring into play various nutrition and active function, because people's individual difference, proteinic digestibility and the absorption rate of Gallus Domesticus have nothing in common with each other.Modern scientific research confirms: small-molecular peptides has higher biological activity and nutritive value than amino acid, and small-molecular peptides can all absorb and utilize by enteron aisle, directly is transported to each organ of whole body and tissue and brings into play bioactive functions through the blood circulation.So Gallus Domesticus protein is prepared into the small-molecular peptides with active function through enzymolysis, will improves nutrition and the pharmaceutical use of Gallus Domesticus.
Gallus Domesticus has been medicine and protective foods by extensive exploitation at present, as WUJI BAIFENG WAN (sheet, oral liquid), black-bone chicken medicated and tonic liquor etc.These products are poach or acid to the processing of Gallus Domesticus mostly, and protease hydrolysis lacks control to hydrolysate and hydrolysis degree, and what have then becomes total free aminoacids with Gallus Domesticus albumen complete hydrolysis.Present existing publication technology and non-patent literature all do not relate to the method that adopts protease hydrolyzed and membrane separation technique to prepare the Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide specially yet, for example: authorizing publication number is the first poach black-bone chicken of " a kind of extraction process of black-bone chicken nutrition composition " employing of CN1168394C, back papain hydrolysis, with the nutritive medium of insect wax de-oiling technology preparation, both there had been a large amount of total free aminoacidss in this nutritive medium molecular weight ranges not clear protein and peptide had also been arranged again.Kin therewith patent documentation has: publication number is " black-bone chicken enrich blood liquid " of CN1640416A, and application number is " black chicken oral liquid " of CN93104579.7.The present invention then be a kind of be substrate with Gallus Domesticus albumen, adopt protease hydrolyzed and membrane separation technique to prepare the method for Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide specially.The protease hydrolyzed that the present invention relates to is some enzymolysis schemes through optimizing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide, the Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide peptide content height of preparation, molecular weight less than 6000Da, be easily absorbed by the body.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: be that raw material prepares a kind of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide through proteolysis, membrane separation technique with the Gallus Domesticus, main component is a protein, and peptide content is more than 50%, and Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide molecular weight is less than 6000Da.It is characterized in that processing step is: (A) Gallus Domesticus broken after slaughtering, lose hair or feathers, go internal organ, head, pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel; Or the take off bone chicken of Gallus Domesticus after slaughtering is pulled an oar into meat gruel.(B) with above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water that adds 1.5 to 10 times of amounts stirs, be warming up to 75~90 ℃ of insulations 20~30 minutes, adjust temperature to 35 ℃-75 ℃ again, transfer pH value 6-9, add bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase or flavor protease or compound protease or papoid and carry out enzymolysis; The proteolytic enzyme consumption is 0.2~1.5% of the contained protein wt of meat gruel, and enzymolysis time is 1~9 hour; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 85-100 ℃, goes out 10-30 minute enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 20 ℃-80 ℃ behind the enzyme, remove upper strata fat, getting enzymolysis solution just filters through centrifuging or plate-and-frame filter press, filter material is pure continuous canvas or nylon filter cloth, again through inorganic ceramic film or the smart filter of organic membrane, again through organic hybrid films ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, holding back the results molecular weight is the peptide of 150~6000Da after the smart filter, reconcentration, is drying to obtain.
As a kind of preferred version, the smart filter of enzymolysis solution is among the step B: filtrate is removed foreigh protein removing, manadesma fragment with inorganic ceramic film or organic membrane micro-filtration, it is characterized in that the inorganic ceramic membrane material is aluminum oxide, zirconium white or weisspiessglanz, holding back particle range is 0.05~1 μ m.The organic membrane material is organic polymer materials such as polysulfones, cellulose acetate, tetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene-base, and holding back particle range is 0.05~1 μ m.
As a kind of preferred version, the enzymolysis solution ultrafiltration is among the step B: filtrate is held back the peptide of results molecular weight less than 6000Da with organic hybrid films.It is characterized in that the organic hybrid films material is aromatic polyamides, poly-piperazine acidamide or polyether sulfone, the molecular weight cut-off scope is less than 6000Da.
As a kind of preferred version, the enzymolysis solution nanofiltration is among the step B: after filtrate is held back the peptide of results molecular weight less than 6000Da with organic hybrid films, remove most of moisture, total free aminoacids through nanofiltration again, it is characterized in that the organic hybrid films material is aromatic polyamides, poly-piperazine acidamide or polyether sulfone, the molecular weight cut-off scope is 150-1000Da.
As a kind of preferred version, the drying among the step B is vacuum-drying or spraying drying or lyophilize; During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 85 ℃~130 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 30 ℃~75 ℃.
Advantage of the present invention is: Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide peptide content height, molecular weight less than 6000Da, be easily absorbed by the body, and have antifatigue, enrich blood, improve biological activitys such as immunizing power, preparation technology is scientific and reasonable, environment friendly and pollution-free, sepn process is a normal-temperature operation, saves the energy, and is easy to operation, the efficient height is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
According to preparation method's difference, we select to adopt the Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide of preparation method of the present invention and additive method preparation to carry out the activity experiment contrast, and active contrast experiment is as follows:
1. anti-fatigue effect experiment
Get 45 of Kunming mouses, body weight 18~22g, male and female half and half, be divided into 3 groups at random, the administration group is got the present invention and was prepared gained Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide gastric infusion 7 days, dosage is the 1.24g/kg body weight, the physiological saline control group is irritated the physiological saline of stomach with administration group equal volume, other preparation method's groups are prepared Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide behind the identical protease hydrolysis of dosage, once a day, the galvanized wire of 7% body weight of behind last administration 30min the mouse tail root being loaded is put into the glass jar swimming of 20 ± 0.5 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 20cm, and is picked up counting.When mouse head submerged 10s can not the person of emerging be muscle power exhaustion, count the mouse swimming time.The results are shown in Table 1.The result shows that the active Toplink of the prepared Gallus Domesticus of the present invention prolongs the mouse swimming time more significantly, illustrates that the prepared Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide of the present invention has more obvious anti-fatigue effect.
Table 1 Gallus Domesticus polypeptide is to the influence of mouse swimming time
Compare with control group: * P<0.05, * * P<0.01
2. blood nourishing function experiment
Get 60 of mouse, be divided into 4 groups, be respectively blank group, model group, Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide administration group (other preparation methods), Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide administration group (preparation method of the present invention).Irritate stomach every day with Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide 1.24g/kg.Normal control group and model group mouse give equal capacity physiological saline.Model group and Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide group mouse be respectively at the 3rd, 6 subcutaneous injection pyrodin 20mg/kg of administration, 40mg/kg, from the 5th day, every day intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 40mg/kg, continuous four days.Normal control group mouse such as injects simultaneously at capacity physiological saline.Get blood in last administration 1.5h posterior orbit posterior vein, measure RBC number and content of hemoglobin.The results are shown in Table 2.The result shows that the active Toplink of Gallus Domesticus significantly increases model of blood dificiency group mouse red blood cell number and content of hemoglobin, has blood tonification effect.The Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide of the inventive method preparation can better play the effect of enriching blood under also comparing as can be seen simultaneously.
Table 2 Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide is to the influence of model of blood dificiency mouse red blood cell number and content of hemoglobin
Figure C20061001997700061
Compare with control group: * P<0.05, * * P<0.01
3. raise immunity experiment
Get 45 of Kunming mouses, body weight 11~15g, male and female half and half are divided into 3 groups at random, are respectively the physiological saline group, Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide administration group (other preparation methods), Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide administration group (preparation method of the present invention).Gastric infusion 7 days, dosage is the 1.24g/kg body weight, the physiological saline control group is irritated the physiological saline of stomach with administration group equal volume, once a day, after the last administration 24 hours, dislocation of cervical vertebra was put to death, and weighs, extraction thymus gland and spleen are weighed, and liken thymus gland or spleen index to thymus gland or spleen weight and body weight.The results are shown in Table 3.The result shows that the active Toplink of Gallus Domesticus significantly increases mouse thymus exponential sum spleen index, has the effect of the immune function of mice of enhancing.The Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide of the inventive method preparation has the effect of better enhancing immune function of mice under also comparing as can be seen simultaneously.
Table 3 Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide is to mouse immune organ weight's influence (x ± SD)
Figure C20061001997700062
Compare with control group: * P<0.05, * * P<0.01
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, slaughter, lose hair or feathers, go broken behind internal organ, head, the pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel.
Just above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water of 2 times of amounts of adding stirred, 85 ℃ of insulations 25 minutes heated up, adjust and holding temperature to 45 ± 1 ℃ again, transfer pH value 6.9, contain protein about 13 kilogram in the mixture this moment, concentration of substrate is 8.7%, adds the letter product neutral protease 200g of Novi and carries out enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 4 hours; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 85 ℃, goes out 30 minutes enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 30 ℃ behind the enzyme, separate and remove upper strata fat, get enzymolysis solution and just filter through centrifuging, filter material is pure continuous canvas, the smart filter of the zirconia ceramics film through holding back particle diameter 0.1 μ m again, filtration pressure 0.15Mpa, filtrate is again through the polyether sulfone organic hybrid films ultrafiltration of molecular weight cut-off less than 6000Da, and filtration pressure 0.15Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 6000Da, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 90 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 10.6 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 81.5%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 70.6%, and protein molecular weight is less than 6000Da.
Embodiment 2
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, pre-treatment, enzymolysis process, filter just, smart filter, ultrafiltration technology is with embodiment 1.Through the polyamide-based organic hybrid films nanofiltration of molecular weight cut-off scope 300-1000Da, filtration pressure 0.15~0.45Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 1000Da enzymolysis solution after the ultrafiltration again, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 90 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 6.8 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 52.3%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 95%, and protein molecular weight is less than 1000Da.
Embodiment 3
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, slaughter, lose hair or feathers, go broken behind internal organ, head, the pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel.
Just above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water of 4 times of amounts of adding stirred, 85 ℃ of insulations 20 minutes heated up, adjust and holding temperature to 55 ± 1 ℃ again, transfer pH value 7.5, contain protein about 13 kilogram in the mixture this moment, concentration of substrate is 5.2%, adds the letter product flavor protease 200g of Novi and carries out enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 4 hours; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 90 ℃, goes out 30 minutes enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 30 ℃ behind the enzyme, divide and remove upper strata fat, get enzymolysis solution and just filter through plate-and-frame filter press, filter material is the nylon filter cloth, the smart filter of the zirconia ceramics film through holding back particle diameter 0.1 μ m again, filtration pressure 0.15Mpa, filtrate is again through the polyether sulfone organic hybrid films ultrafiltration of molecular weight cut-off less than 6000Da, and filtration pressure 0.2Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 6000Da, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 11.4 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 87.7%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 73.6%, and protein molecular weight is less than 6000Da.
Embodiment 4
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, pre-treatment, enzymolysis process, filter just, smart filter, ultrafiltration technology is with embodiment 3.Through the polyamide-based organic hybrid films nanofiltration of molecular weight cut-off scope 300-1000Da, filtration pressure 0.3Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 1000Da enzymolysis solution after the ultrafiltration again, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 7.8 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 60%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 95%, and protein molecular weight is less than 1000Da.
Embodiment 5
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, slaughter, lose hair or feathers, go broken behind internal organ, head, the pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel.
Just above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water of 3 times of amounts of adding stirred, 85 ℃ of insulations 28 minutes heated up, adjust and holding temperature to 55 ± 1 ℃ again, transfer pH value 6.5, contain protein about 13 kilogram in the mixture this moment, concentration of substrate is 6.5%, adds papoid 250g and carries out enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 6.5 hours; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 88 ℃, goes out 30 minutes enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 30 ℃ behind the enzyme, remove upper strata fat, get enzymolysis solution and just filter through plate-and-frame filter press, filter material is pure continuous canvas, the smart filter of the zirconia ceramics film through holding back particle diameter 0.1 μ m again, filtration pressure 0.15Mpa, filtrate is again through the polyether sulfone organic hybrid films ultrafiltration of molecular weight cut-off less than 6000Da, and filtration pressure 0.18Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 6000Da, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 10.3 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 79.2%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 56.1%, and protein molecular weight is less than 6000Da.
Embodiment 6
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, pre-treatment, enzymolysis process, filter just, smart filter, ultrafiltration technology is with embodiment 5.Through the polyamide-based organic hybrid films nanofiltration of molecular weight cut-off scope 300-1000Da, filtration pressure 0.4Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 1000Da enzymolysis solution after the ultrafiltration again, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 5.4 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 41.5%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 96%, and protein molecular weight is less than 1000Da.
Embodiment 7
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, slaughter, lose hair or feathers, go broken behind internal organ, head, the pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel.
Just above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water of 3 times of amounts of adding stirred, 85 ℃ of insulations 22 minutes heated up, adjust and holding temperature to 50 ± 1 ℃ again, transfer pH value 8, contain protein about 13 kilogram in the mixture this moment, concentration of substrate is 6.5%, adds the letter compound protease 180g of Novi and carries out enzymolysis; Enzymolysis time is 7.5 hours; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 90 ℃, goes out 30 minutes enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 30 ℃ behind the enzyme, remove upper strata fat, get enzymolysis solution and just filter through plate-and-frame filter press, filter material is the nylon filter cloth, the smart filter of the zirconia ceramics film through holding back particle diameter 0.1 μ m again, filtration pressure 0.15Mpa, filtrate is again through the polyether sulfone organic hybrid films ultrafiltration of molecular weight cut-off less than 6000Da, and filtration pressure 0.18Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 6000Da, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 8.7 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 66.9%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 64.7%, and protein molecular weight is less than 6000Da.
Embodiment 8
Get 50 kilograms of Gallus Domesticuss, pre-treatment, enzymolysis process, filter just, smart filter, ultrafiltration technology is with embodiment 7.Through the polyamide-based organic hybrid films nanofiltration of molecular weight cut-off scope 300-1000Da, filtration pressure 0.35Mpa holds back the results molecular weight and is the peptide liquid less than 1000Da enzymolysis solution after the ultrafiltration again, concentrated then, spraying drying, promptly.During spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 95 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃.
Make 5.2 kilograms of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide finished products (yield 40%) after above-mentioned drying step is finished, peptide content is 97%, and protein molecular weight is less than 1000Da.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide is characterized in that processing step is: (A) Gallus Domesticus broken after slaughtering, lose hair or feathers, go internal organ, head, pawl, pull an oar into meat gruel; Or the take off bone chicken of Gallus Domesticus after slaughtering is pulled an oar into meat gruel; (B) with above-mentioned meat gruel, after the water that adds 1.5 to 10 times of weight stirs, be warming up to 75~90 ℃ of insulations 20~30 minutes, adjust temperature to 35 ℃-75 ℃ again, transfer pH value 6-9, add bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase or flavor protease or compound protease or papoid and carry out enzymolysis; The proteolytic enzyme consumption is 0.2~1.5% of the contained protein wt of meat gruel, and enzymolysis time is 1~9 hour; The enzymolysis solution enzyme that goes out that heats up behind the enzymolysis, enzyme-removal temperature is 85-100 ℃, goes out 10-30 minute enzyme time; Going out, enzymolysis solution cools to 20 ℃-80 ℃ behind the enzyme, remove upper strata fat, getting enzymolysis solution just filters through centrifuging or plate-and-frame filter press, filter material is pure continuous canvas or nylon filter cloth, again through inorganic ceramic film or the smart filter of organic membrane, again through organic hybrid films ultrafiltration or ultrafiltration and sodium filter, holding back the results molecular weight is the peptide of 150~6000Da after the smart filter, reconcentration, is drying to obtain.
2, the preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide as claimed in claim 1, the material that it is characterized in that inorganic ceramic film is aluminum oxide, zirconium white or weisspiessglanz, holding back particle range is 0.05~1 μ m, the material of organic membrane is polysulfones, cellulose acetate, tetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene-base organic polymer material, and holding back particle range is 0.05~1 μ m.
3, the preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the used organic hybrid films material of ultrafiltration is aromatic polyamides, poly-piperazine acidamide or polyether sulfone, and the molecular weight cut-off scope is less than 6000Da.
4, the preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it is aromatic polyamides, poly-piperazine acidamide or polyether sulfone that sodium is filtered used organic hybrid films material, and the molecular weight cut-off scope is 150-1000Da.
5, the preparation method of Gallus Domesticus bioactive peptide as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the exsiccant method is vacuum-drying, spraying drying or lyophilize; When spraying drying, the equipment importation hot blast temperature is 85 ℃~130 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 30 ℃~75 ℃.
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