CN100564503C - Production method of bitter almond essential oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of bitter almond essential oil. The method uses the seeds of wild apricot as raw materials, and extracts pure natural bitter almond essential oil and byproduct bitter almond cold-pressed fatty oil through the steps of peeling, defatting, crushing, boiling extraction and detoxification distillation. The extracted pure natural bitter almond essential oil is edible, has no toxic side effects, and has a very broad application space in many industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, perfumes, and cosmetics. The byproduct cold-pressed fatty oil has the functions of nourishing the heart and calming the mind, moistening the intestines and facilitating bowel movements, improving hearing and eyesight, moisturizing the skin color, moisturizing the liver and kidneys, nourishing the heart qi, benefiting the spleen and stomach, and moisturizing the hair. Eating it can play a role in health care, and further improves people's living and health level. It has very significant social, environmental protection and economic benefits.

Description

A kind of production method of bitter almond essential oil

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food health development, and relates to a raw material preparation and detoxification process of natural bitter almond essential oil for medical, edible and chemical purposes, in particular to a production method of bitter almond essential oil. The method uses the apricot seeds as raw materials, and the benzaldehyde content in the bitter almond essential oil obtained through the steps of degreasing, crushing, cooking extraction and detoxification secondary distillation is more than 90%, and the content of cyanide is less than 0.5mg/kg, which meets the requirements of the state. Cyanide Standards in Drinking Water.

Background technique

Pure plant essential oil is the essence extracted from plants such as flowers, grasses, trees, seeds, fruits, etc., and has the characteristics of high purity and high concentration. Pure plant essential oils are composed of some very small molecules, they are very soluble in alcohol or emulsifiers, especially fats, which makes them very easy to penetrate the skin, mix with fat fibers and enter the body. When these highly mobile substances volatilize, they are also absorbed by tens of thousands of cells at the same time, enter the body through the nasal cavity, and send information directly to the brain, relying on the operation of the cerebellum system to control emotions and other parts of the body Main function, so in aromatherapy, essential oils can strengthen physical and psychological functions. Every plant essential oil has a chemical structure that determines its fragrance, color, fluidity and the way it works with the system, which also makes each plant essential oil have a special set of functional characteristics.

Pure natural plant essential oils have the following main functions: fragrant smell, after the natural aroma enters the brain through the olfactory nerve, it can stimulate the front lobe of the brain to secrete two hormones, endorphin and enkephalin, and make the spirit present the most comfortable state , This is the best way to protect the soul. Moreover, different essential oils can be combined with each other to create your favorite fragrance, which will not destroy the characteristics of the essential oils, but will make the essential oils more powerful. The essence of essential oils can prevent infectious diseases, fight bacteria, viruses, molds, prevent inflammation, prevent spasms, promote cell metabolism and cell regeneration, and make life better. And some essential oils can regulate endocrine organs, promote hormone secretion, and make the physiological and psychological activities of the human body develop well. Common plant essential oils include lavender essential oil, jasmine essential oil, citrus essential oil, tea tree essential oil and so on.

Bitter almond, commonly known as mountain almond, is the mature seed of apricot and mountain apricot, a plant of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family. In bitter almonds, benzaldehyde exists in the form of amygdalin, which can be produced into benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid under the action of enzymes or through hydrolysis. Benzaldehyde is the main component of bitter almond essential oil. With the deepening of people's understanding of benzaldehyde, its application is becoming more and more extensive, such as food additives, beverages, fragrance enhancing substances in cosmetics, perfumes, detergents, resins, oils and other chemical drugs In addition, it is often used as an intermediate to synthesize pharmaceutical preparations and chemical reagents.

At present, the extraction of almond essential oil in the fragrance industry is mainly carried out by acid hydrolysis and then steam distillation. However, because the severe toxicity of cyanide inhibits the production of bitter almond essential oil in my country, amygdalin is discarded as a toxic substance in my country's food industry. In addition, as one of the spices with the largest demand, the demand for almond essential oil in the international market has increased sharply in recent years. In recent years, with consumers advocating natural food additives, the market demand for natural flavors is increasing. Therefore, the development of bitter almond as raw material to produce pure natural essential oil is conducive to improving the utilization of forestry resources in my country and promoting the formation of forestry industry.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a production method of bitter almond essential oil, which has simple production process, high product purity and can meet the national standard requirements for cyanide.

In order to achieve the above tasks, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A kind of production method of bitter almond essential oil, this method is raw material with apricot seed, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps successively:

In the peeling step, the apricot seeds were boiled for 3 minutes and peeled off;

In the degreasing step, the dehulled apricot seeds are cold-pressed at a temperature ≤ 60° C. to obtain defatted almonds and fat oil of cold-pressed almonds;

In the step of crushing and preparing materials, the defatted almonds are crushed, sieved, and the length of the particle size is controlled to be no more than 2mm;

In the cooking and extraction step, weigh the crushed defatted almonds, put them into a container, add 5-8 times the weight of the material with a pH=5 hydrochloric acid solution, hydrolyze, soak at 40°C for 60 minutes, and heat for the first time. Steam distilled for 60 minutes to obtain bitter almond essential oil containing cyanide;

In the detoxification secondary distillation step, take a certain amount of bitter almond essential oil, add 40-60 times of 1mol/L caustic soda solution, 40-60 times of 0.5mol/L ferrous sulfate solution, and 200 times of saturated lime solution according to the volume ratio of bitter almond essential oil. -300 times, react at a temperature of 30°C for 10 minutes, and then carry out distillation and detoxification for 60 minutes, and the detoxified bitter almond essential oil can be obtained from the distillation conduit.

According to the method of the invention, the bitter almond essential oil containing cyanide which cannot be directly applied in the field of food health can be chemically absorbed to obtain the pure natural bitter almond plant essential oil meeting the national standard of our country. The production process is simple and the product has high purity, which is beneficial to improving the utilization of forestry resources in my country and promoting the formation of forestry industry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a roadmap of the preparation method of the present invention.

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments given by the inventor.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1 for the technical route of the present invention, the seeds of the apricot are processed by pressing to obtain defatted almonds, and the by-product almond fat oil is obtained.

The defatted almonds are crushed and sieved to obtain a powder with a particle size and length not greater than 2 mm as the hydrolyzed material.

Weigh a certain amount of defatted almond powder, add PH=5 according to 5-8 times the weight of the material, soak at 40°C for 60 minutes, heat and boil for 60 minutes, and obtain bitter almond essential oil containing cyanide.

In the detoxification secondary distillation step, take a certain amount of bitter almond essential oil, add 40-60 times of 1mol/L caustic soda solution, 40-60 times of 0.5mol/L ferrous sulfate solution, and 200 times of saturated lime solution according to the volume ratio of bitter almond essential oil. -300 times, react at a temperature of 30°C for 10 minutes, and then carry out distillation and detoxification for 60 minutes, and the detoxified bitter almond essential oil can be obtained from the distillation conduit.

The pure natural bitter almond plant essential oil produced by the invention has high benzaldehyde purity, and the cyanide content is lower than the national standard, fully meeting the national requirements.

The following are specific examples given by the inventor.

Example 1:

Dehulling the seeds of apricot, and pressing them at 60°C to obtain defatted apricot kernels and by-product cold-pressed bitter almond fat oil;

The defatted mountain almonds are crushed and sieved, and passed through a 1mm sieve.

Weigh 20kg of defatted almond powder, add PH4 acid solution according to 5 times the amount of water, soak at 40°C for 60 minutes, and steam distill for 60 minutes to obtain bitter almond essential oil containing cyanide.

Measure 100ml of bitter almond essential oil containing cyanide, add caustic soda solution 1mol/L 5000ml, ferrous sulfate 0.5mol/L 4000ml, saturated lime water 20000mL, and react in a water bath at 25°C for 20 minutes. A 60-minute second distillation yielded a cyanide-free final product.

Example 2:

The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the caustic soda solution added is 1mol/L 6000mL, ferrous sulfate 0.5mol/L 6000mL, saturated lime water 25000mL, and all the other are the same as Example 1.

Utilize the main index of the bitter almond essential oil prepared by above-mentioned embodiment:

serial number Indicator name unit Index value 1 Benzaldehyde %(m/m) ＞90 2 Cyanide mg/kg ＜0.5

Composition of by-product cold-pressed bitter almond fat oil:

Fatty acid composition Proportion (%) Palmitic acid 4.6 palmitoleic acid 0.6 stearic acid 1.3 Oleic acid 65.7 Linoleic acid 27.3

Linolenic acid 0.4 arachidonic acid 0.1

_VE content of by-product cold-pressed bitter almond fat oil:

Test items (mg/Kg) V_δE V _γE V_οE V_{Always on} content 2.464 49.75 1.242 53.46

The pure natural bitter almond essential oil extracted by the invention is edible, has no toxic and side effects, and has very wide application space in many industries such as pharmacy, food, beverage, perfume, cosmetics and the like. The extracted by-product cold-pressed fatty oil has the functions of nourishing the heart and calming the nerves, moistening the intestines and defecating, improving ears and eyesight, moisturizing the skin color, nourishing the liver and kidney, nourishing the heart, benefiting the spleen and stomach, and moisturizing the hair. Eating it can play a role in health care. Further improve people's living health level.

Claims (1)

1. the production method of a Semen Armeniacae Amarum essential oil, this method is a raw material with the ansu apricot seed, it is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps successively:

The decortication step is boiled the ansu apricot seed 3 minutes peeling;

Defatting step carries out cold press with the ansu apricot seed of decortication under temperature≤60 ℃, obtain the fatty oil of defatted apricot kernel and cold press almond;

Pulverize material preparation step, defatted apricot kernel is pulverized, sieve, control particle diameter length is not more than 2mm;

The boiling extraction step will be put into container through the defatted apricot kernel weighing of pulverizing, by the hydrochloric acid soln of material weight adding 5-8 pH=5 doubly, hydrolysis was soaked 60 minutes at 40 ℃, heat and carry out the steam distillation 60 minutes first time, obtain containing the Semen Armeniacae Amarum essential oil of prussiate;

Detoxification second distillation step, get a certain amount of Semen Armeniacae Amarum essential oil, volume ratio by the Semen Armeniacae Amarum essential oil adds 1mol/L caustic soda soln 40-60 doubly successively, 0.5mol/L copperas solution 40-60 doubly, saturated limewater solution 200-300 doubly, reaction is 10 minutes under the condition of 30 ℃ of temperature, distills detoxification then after 60 minutes, can obtain the Semen Armeniacae Amarum essential oil of detoxification from the distillation conduit.

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