CN111100761B - Preparation method of bitter apricot kernel essential oil for cigarettes - Google Patents

Preparation method of bitter apricot kernel essential oil for cigarettes Download PDF

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CN111100761B
CN111100761B CN202010020006.0A CN202010020006A CN111100761B CN 111100761 B CN111100761 B CN 111100761B CN 202010020006 A CN202010020006 A CN 202010020006A CN 111100761 B CN111100761 B CN 111100761B
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essential oil
bitter almond
bitter
aqueous solution
cigarettes
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CN111100761A (en
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尹团章
陈�胜
冷海
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WUHAN YELLOW CRANE TOWER NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
China Tobacco Hubei Industrial LLC
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WUHAN YELLOW CRANE TOWER NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
China Tobacco Hubei Industrial LLC
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
    • C11B9/025Recovery by solvent extraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B9/00Essential oils; Perfumes
    • C11B9/02Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
    • C11B9/027Recovery of volatiles by distillation or stripping

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of bitter apricot seed essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps: crushing the degreased bitter almond to 20-40 meshes of granularity; placing the crushed bitter almonds into a weakly alkaline aqueous solution for leaching treatment, and controlling the pH value of the weakly alkaline aqueous solution to be 7.2-7.8; separating semen Armeniacae amarum essential oil by steam distillation. According to the preparation method of the bitter almond essential oil for the cigarettes, the bitter almond essential oil is extracted from the alkalescent aqueous solution, and the alkaline components in the alkalescent aqueous solution are utilized to synchronously remove byproduct hydrocyanic acid for detoxification treatment while benzaldehyde is prepared, so that the rapid hydrolysis of amygdalin is facilitated, and the reaction time is shortened.

Description

Preparation method of bitter apricot kernel essential oil for cigarettes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco,
in particular to a preparation method of the bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes.
Background
The bitter almond essential oil is an important cigarette flavor, the main component of the bitter almond essential oil is benzaldehyde which is the second most flavor in the world in quantity, the bitter almond essential oil is widely applied to the industries of food, beverage, tobacco and cosmetics, the benzaldehyde has high medical value, is a specific natural cancer prevention and anticancer component, the metabolite in the animal body is benzoic acid, hippuric acid is further synthesized, and the metabolite is discharged out of the body through urine, can prevent the synthesis of cancer cell protein, and is also an important medical intermediate. With the increasing emphasis on food safety, people tend to use natural food additives.
The natural benzaldehyde is mainly derived from the decomposition of amygdalin, and the amygdalin can be hydrolyzed under the action of enzyme or under the acidic condition to generate benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid which is a highly toxic substance. Therefore, the hydrocyanic acid generated in the generation process of the bitter almond essential oil is removed, which is a key process for preparing the bitter almond essential oil and influences the quality of the bitter almond essential oil. The preparation of the bitter almond essential oil by the traditional process is generally carried out by separating the preparation and the detoxification of the bitter almond essential oil, namely, firstly, an acidic aqueous solution is adopted for leaching to obtain a crude extract containing the bitter almond essential oil and hydrocyanic acid, then, the hydrocyanic acid is removed by alkali elution poison, and the refined essential oil is obtained by steam distillation operation, so the production process is relatively complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of the bitter apricot kernel essential oil for cigarettes.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes comprises the following steps:
crushing the degreased bitter almond to 20-40 meshes of granularity;
placing the crushed bitter almonds into a weakly alkaline aqueous solution for leaching treatment, and controlling the pH value of the weakly alkaline aqueous solution to be 7.2-7.8;
separating semen Armeniacae amarum essential oil by steam distillation.
Preferably, the weakly alkaline aqueous solution is a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer solution.
Preferably, the leaching treatment temperature is 35-40 ℃, the leaching time is 30-60 min, and the leaching material-liquid ratio is 1: 5-10.
More preferably, the leaching treatment is carried out under a stirring operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the preparation method of the bitter almond essential oil for the cigarettes, the bitter almond essential oil is extracted from the alkalescent aqueous solution, and the alkaline components in the alkalescent aqueous solution are utilized to synchronously remove byproduct hydrocyanic acid for detoxification treatment while benzaldehyde is prepared, so that the rapid hydrolysis of amygdalin is facilitated, and the reaction time is shortened.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the degreased bitter almond into 20-40 meshes of granularity;
(2) placing the crushed bitter almonds into a weakly alkaline aqueous solution for leaching treatment, and controlling the pH value of the weakly alkaline aqueous solution to be 7.2-7.8;
(3) separating semen Armeniacae amarum essential oil by steam distillation.
Wherein, the granularity of the crushed bitter almond in the step (1) is controlled to be 20-40 meshes, and the proper granularity is beneficial to dissolving more amygdalin enzyme in the bitter almond powder into the reaction liquid and the enzymolysis and hydrolysis reaction of the amygdalin.
The control of the pH value of the weak alkaline aqueous solution in the step (2) is the key of the reaction, and the analysis on the dynamics of the amygdalin hydrolysis reaction keeps the alkalescence of the reaction solution to be beneficial to promoting the rapid hydrolysis of the amygdalin and shortening the reaction time for preparing the benzaldehyde because the amygdalin hydrolysis reaction generates the benzaldehyde and meanwhile produces the weak acidic hydrocyanic acid. However, the pH value of the reaction solution cannot be too high, and should be controlled below pH 8, because amygdalin can be hydrolyzed into carboxylate substances in the reaction solution with the pH higher than 8, and the target product of benzaldehyde is not generated. Preferably, the weakly alkaline aqueous solution is a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer solution. On one hand, sodium carbonate can react with hydrocyanic acid to generate sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydrocyanate, and the hydrocyanic acid is removed; on the other hand, the buffer solution compounded by sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the pH value of the reaction solution.
Preferably, the leaching treatment temperature in the step (2) is 35-40 ℃, and the amygdalinase has higher enzyme activity at the temperature; the time is 30-60 min, and the ratio of leaching materials to leaching liquids is 1: 5-10. More preferably, the leaching treatment is carried out under stirring operation, and the stirring operation is beneficial to the mass transfer and heat transfer of each component in the reaction liquid, thereby promoting the reaction speed.
In the step (3), the reaction product is separated by steam distillation. And (3) separating a mixture of the essential oil and water by steam distillation, and obtaining the essential oil component by simple liquid separation subsequently because the oil and the water are insoluble.
Calculating the content of benzaldehyde in the prepared bitter almond essential oil according to the mass of the degreased bitter almond, and detecting the content of benzaldehyde in the bitter almond essential oil by adopting GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), wherein the detection conditions are as follows:
GC conditions were as follows: the chromatographic column is DB-Wax 30m multiplied by 0.25mm multiplied by 0.25um, the sample injection temperature of the chromatographic column is 25 ℃, the initial temperature of a column incubator is 40 ℃, the retention time is 1.5 min, the temperature is raised to 220 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the retention time is 5min, the carrier gas is He, the constant current is 1mL/min, and the split ratio is 100: 1.
MS conditions: EI source, electron energy 70eV, ion source temperature 200 ℃ and connecting rod temperature 220 ℃.
According to the preparation method of the bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, disclosed by the invention, the bitter almond essential oil is extracted in the alkalescent aqueous solution, and the alkaline component in the alkalescent aqueous solution is utilized to synchronously remove the byproduct hydrocyanic acid for detoxification treatment while benzaldehyde is prepared, so that the rapid hydrolysis of amygdalin is facilitated, and the reaction time is shortened.
The following is a further description with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 10g of degreased bitter almond into 20 meshes of granularity;
(2) placing the pulverized bitter almond in 50mL of sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate water solution with pH of 7.5 for leaching treatment, wherein the leaching temperature is 35 ℃, the leaching time is 60 min, the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle, and the stirring speed is controlled to be 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 10g of defatted bitter almond into 30 meshes;
(2) placing the pulverized bitter almond in 80mL of sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with pH of 7.7 for leaching treatment, wherein the leaching temperature is 40 ℃, the leaching time is 40 min, the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle, and the stirring speed is controlled at 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention provides a preparation method of bitter apricot seed essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 10g of defatted bitter almond into 40 meshes;
(2) placing pulverized semen Armeniacae amarum in 100mL sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate water solution with pH of 7.2 for leaching treatment at 40 deg.C for 30 min, wherein the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle with stirring speed of 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 10g of degreased bitter almond into 40 meshes of granularity;
(2) placing the crushed bitter apricot kernels into pure water for leaching treatment, wherein the leaching temperature is 40 ℃, the leaching time is 30 min, the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle, and the stirring speed is controlled to be 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 10g of degreased bitter almond into 40 meshes of granularity;
(2) placing the pulverized bitter almond in pure water for leaching treatment, wherein the leaching temperature is 40 ℃, the leaching time is 40 min, the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle, and the stirring speed is controlled at 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate out light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
Comparative example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing 10g of degreased bitter almond into 40 meshes of granularity;
(2) placing the pulverized bitter almond in pure water for leaching treatment, wherein the leaching temperature is 40 ℃, the leaching time is 50 min, the leaching reaction is carried out in a mechanical reaction kettle, and the stirring speed is controlled at 200 r/min;
(3) and (3) distilling the leached reaction solution by water vapor to separate out light yellow bitter almond essential oil.
The content of benzaldehyde in the almond essential oil prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention was measured by GC/MS, and the results are shown in table 1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Theoretically, the content of benzaldehyde in the defatted bitter almond is 10-24.5 per mill, and as seen from table 1, the preparation method of the essential oil for the tobacco bitter almond in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention can effectively extract the benzaldehyde component in the defatted bitter almond; example 3 compared to comparative example 1, it is shown that more benzaldehyde can be extracted under the weakly alkaline leaching conditions in the same leaching time; example 3 compared to comparative examples 1 to 3, it was shown that the pure water extraction operation took longer than the weakly alkaline operation to achieve the same extraction rate.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of bitter almond essential oil for cigarettes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing the degreased bitter almond to 20-40 meshes of granularity;
placing the crushed bitter almonds into a weakly alkaline aqueous solution for leaching treatment, and controlling the pH value of the weakly alkaline aqueous solution to be 7.2-7.8;
separating semen Armeniacae amarum essential oil by steam distillation; the weak alkaline aqueous solution is sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer solution.
2. The preparation method of the bitter almond essential oil for the cigarettes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leaching treatment temperature is 35-40 ℃, the time is 30-60 min, and the leaching material-liquid ratio is 1: 5-10 (g/ml).
3. The method for preparing the almond essential oil for cigarettes according to claim 2, wherein the leaching treatment is performed under stirring operation.
CN202010020006.0A 2020-01-09 2020-01-09 Preparation method of bitter apricot kernel essential oil for cigarettes Active CN111100761B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101077992A (en) * 2007-06-19 2007-11-28 西北农林科技大学 Production method of bitter almond essential oil
CN101589745A (en) * 2009-05-22 2009-12-02 西北农林科技大学 Production method of detoxified almond oil
CN103664555A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-03-26 陈社云 Method for preparing natural benzaldehyde through natural cassia oil
CN104830536A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-12 西北农林科技大学 Bitter apricot kernel essential oil extraction method and application as plant pathogenic fungus inhibitor
CN110257173A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-09-20 广西大学 The method for being rich in natural benzaldehyde fragrance essential oil from cinnamon leaf preparation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101077992A (en) * 2007-06-19 2007-11-28 西北农林科技大学 Production method of bitter almond essential oil
CN101589745A (en) * 2009-05-22 2009-12-02 西北农林科技大学 Production method of detoxified almond oil
CN103664555A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-03-26 陈社云 Method for preparing natural benzaldehyde through natural cassia oil
CN104830536A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-12 西北农林科技大学 Bitter apricot kernel essential oil extraction method and application as plant pathogenic fungus inhibitor
CN110257173A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-09-20 广西大学 The method for being rich in natural benzaldehyde fragrance essential oil from cinnamon leaf preparation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
杏仁精油提取工艺研究;马玉花等;《中国食品学报》;20070228;第7卷(第01期);89-94 *

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