CN100551678C - 用于超声加工材料条带的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于超声加工材料条带的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100551678C
CN100551678C CNB2005800274246A CN200580027424A CN100551678C CN 100551678 C CN100551678 C CN 100551678C CN B2005800274246 A CNB2005800274246 A CN B2005800274246A CN 200580027424 A CN200580027424 A CN 200580027424A CN 100551678 C CN100551678 C CN 100551678C
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connecting portion
anvil block
soldering tip
equipment
manual adjustments
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CN101001742A (zh
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P·阿巴特
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Texti Sonics Sas
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Texti Sonics Sas
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7459—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool for continuously and longitudinally welding and severing webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8169—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps the mounting of said pressing elements being laterally movable, e.g. adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/006—Preventing damaging, e.g. of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
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Abstract

本发明的设备包括超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)，它们的间隔由包括止挡装置的可手动调节式机械装置(10)确定，该可手动调节式机械装置使超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)之间的距离保持大于最小间隔并设有用于使超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)彼此弹性吸引的弹性装置，由此可有效地控制超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)之间的熔化材料，以便可靠地焊接或有效地切割或沿切割线焊接。

Description

用于超声加工材料条带的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于超声加工材料条带或薄片，尤其是基于热熔性材料的纺织材料条带或薄片的方法和可手动调节的设备。
背景技术
超声波通常用于加工热熔性材料，例如实施切割、焊接、层压。
已知一种为此要求手动调节的机器。这种机器一般包括在功能上与超声波变换器相关联的超声波焊机用焊头，该超声波变换器向该超声波焊机用焊头上施加超声波频率下的振动。超声波焊机用焊头与砧座相对地保持在其中引入待加工的材料的工作区的各相对侧。超声波焊机用焊头由第一设备体部部分承载，而砧座被第二设备体部部分保持。第一和第二设备体部部分绕一横向轴线相互铰接，以便通过该第一和第二设备体部部分绕横向轴线的相对旋转来改变超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的距离。弹性装置弹性地推动第一和第二设备体部部分朝使得超声波焊机用焊头与砧座在工作区中彼此相对运动的方向上旋转。
如上所述的这种要求手动调节的机器在文献WO01/12422中已有说明。在那种机器中，第一和第二设备体部部分之间的横向旋转轴线靠近工作区，从而绕该横向轴线进行的规定角度的相对旋转仅使超声波焊机用焊头与砧座产生小的相对位移。可通过指轮调节弹性装置的支承力并因此调节在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间压缩待加工材料的力。指轮和弹性装置在超声波焊机用焊头的高度处安放在第一和第二设备体部部分之间，即离枢转轴线不远。这使得超声波焊机用焊头与砧座的相对定位不准确。
在美国专利4410383所描述的另一种要求手动调节的机器中，第一和第二设备体部部分之间的横向旋转轴线远离工作区，在杠杆的中央部，其第一端承载砧座，而其第二端装备有垂直拉杆，所述拉杆通过提供超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间彼此相对运动的弹簧起作用。拧到拉杆上的螺母能调节由弹簧施加的支承力。接合在杠杆孔中的横向螺钉贴着一固定块，以便用可调节的方式限制杠杆的旋转，并因此限制超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的彼此相对运动。由于旋转轴线与工作区之间的较大距离，所以在该设备中超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的相对定位不准确。
另外，将贴着固定块的横向螺钉进一步拧入或拧出以调节超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的彼此相对运动的界限显著地改变了弹簧的压缩状态和超声波焊机用焊头与砧座在待焊接材料上的弹性支承力。支承力的调节和超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的相对位置的调节相互依赖，这使设备的使用变复杂，并降低了调节的精度和重现性。
在所有情况下，超声波焊机用焊头的超声振动都造成设置在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的这部分材料总体或局部熔融。所得的结果取决于许多参数，尤其是取决于材料在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的运动速度，由超声波变换器施加在超声波焊机用焊头上的超声振动的振幅、超声波焊机用焊头在砧座方向上的支承压力、超声波焊机用焊头的形状和砧座的形状。
在第一种应用中，砧座是圆形刀片。通过超声波进行的材料熔化将会在圆形刀片的刀刃的处形成切割部，同时在切割线的两侧连续地将纺织材料纤维局部相互焊接。
在第二种应用中，工具是具有带花纹表面的旋转辊。超声波将会在超声波焊机用焊头与旋转辊之间的区域中产生点焊，并且机器包括在焊接区的下游侧切割纺织材料的机械刀片。
这些已知设备会导致质量不规则的后果。通常会出现熔化不充分，并因此造成不充分焊接，从而存在纺织材料在切割之后破损的危险。相反，经常注意到材料的过度熔化，其会引起焊接区的塑化，从而使焊接区变得更硬和更脆，由此造成随后撕裂随后纺织材料的危险。
结果还取决于待加工的材料的性质。因此很难控制所得的结果。
此外，经常会发现砧座和超声波焊机用焊头的过早磨损，这需要有维修操作以更换这些部件，否则会使所得结果变得甚至更不规则。
还已知更复杂的设备，其中超声波焊机用焊头通过液压或气动装置相对于砧座移动，设备具有传感器以用于监测所得的结果和控制超声波焊机用焊头相对于砧座的相对位移。然而，这种机器很复杂且价格高，并且需要气动或液压能源，这使它在许多使用条件下例如在圆形织机的出口处不可应用。
发明内容
本发明涉及的第一个问题是设想利用手动调节装置改进超声加工设备，以便在不使用外部气动或液压能源的情况下保证对待加工热熔性材料，尤其是待加工的纺织热熔性材料的焊接或切割结果的规整性。
本发明尤其用于避免热熔性织物的过度熔化，任何这种过度熔化都会降低或甚至破坏织物的技术品质。本发明还用于避免不充分熔化。
本发明涉及的另一个问题是消除超声波切割之后在切割线的两侧擦散(擦伤，擦断)热熔性织物的危险。
同时，本发明减少了超声波焊机用焊头(sonotrode)和砧座(contre-outil)的磨损。
本发明从详细分析使用已知手动调节设备时所产生的缺陷的可能原因得出结果。
当材料在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间前进时，超声振动使热熔性材料逐渐熔化，并因此使超声波焊机用焊头和/或砧座相对深入到热熔性材料中。如果施加在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的热熔性材料上的压力高，则熔化是有效的。相反，如果该压力消失，则不再对材料进行任何明显的超声波能量传送，并且熔化中断。结果，超声波焊机用焊头和/或砧座逐渐深入到热熔性材料中，直至达到非零最小相对间距为止，所述非零最小相对间距可以通过如文献US 4410383中所述的用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置调节。如果这些装置正确地调节，则它们将使待获得的熔化能被控制。因此，这避免了热熔性织物的过度熔化，从而因此维护了织物的技术品质。同时避免超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间接触的所有危险，所述接触易于因超声振动的磨擦作用而造成这两个部件的磨损。
然而，在这种已知设备中，第一个困难由通过横向螺钉进行的最小相对间距调节与支承力或压力的调节之间的相互依赖引起。实际上，这使施加在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间的热熔性材料上的压力不精确，而该参数显著地影响所产生的焊接部的质量和规整性。
为解决本发明所涉及的问题-即保证待加工的热熔性材料的规整焊接或切割，按照本发明，提供了这样的装置，其中通过用于手动调节最小间矩的构件进行的最小间距的改变不会改变由弹性装置产生的弹性支承力，因此不会改变由超声波焊机用焊头和砧座施加在热熔性材料上的压力。
操作者必须经常实施的调节实际上是最小间矩值的调节。根据待加工产品的不同来确定适当的调节可因为使最小间距的调节与弹性装置的支承力的调节互不关联而简化。也可相继地调节这两个参数-即弹性支承力和最小间距。
弹性支承力的调节使设备能适应不同特性或厚度的待加工材料条带或薄片(nappe)：操作者可以选定这样的弹性支承力，该弹性支承力当材料在工作区熔化时刚够使超声波焊机用焊头和砧座彼此靠近至达到最小间距。结果，在待加工的材料条带或薄片例如瞬时厚度过大的情况下，该厚度过大的材料条带或薄片可容易且无损坏地通过压缩弹性装置而将超声波焊机用焊头和砧座推动离开所需要的距离。
在实际中，将通过如下所述的设备实现这些效果，该设备包括：
-在功能上与超声波变换器相关联并且在工作区的第一侧由第一设备体部部分承载的超声波焊机用焊头，
-在工作区的另一侧由第二设备体部部分与超声波焊机用焊头相对地保持的砧座，
-第一和第二设备体部部分可彼此相对位移，以产生超声波焊机用焊头和砧座彼此靠近或远离的相对移动，
-设置在第一设备体部部分上的第一连接部和第二设备体部部分上的第二连接部之间的可手动调节式机械装置，该可手动调节式机械装置具有用于对第一和第二连接部的沿超声波焊机用焊头与砧座在工作区中彼此靠近地移动的方向的相对位移进行弹性加载的弹性装置，
-在可手动调节式机械装置中的用于改变弹性装置的压缩状态的弹性支承力调节装置，
-在可手动调节式机械装置中的用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置，该止挡装置阻止第一和第二连接部在最小间距内沿超声波焊机用焊头与砧座彼此靠近的方向进行相对位移，但允许其相反方向的位移，
-在可手动调节式机械装置中的最小间距手动调节件，其用于调节限制渐近运动所用的止挡装置的位置，并因此调节最小间距，
-在可手动调节式机械装置中，所述用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置和所述弹性装置直接或间接支靠接合该最小间距手动调节件，从而用以改变最小间距的最小间距调节件的操作不会改变由弹性装置产生的弹性支承力。
在一种有利的实施例中，按照本发明所述的设备可以是这样：
-用于限制渐近运动的装置包括选择性地支靠接合其中一个连接部的止挡部，并由最小间距手动调节件承载，
-最小间距手动调节件安装成可沿另一个连接部移动，
-弹性装置功能性地接合在最小间距手动调节件和所述一个连接部之间。
在这种情况下，在要求手动调节的机械装置中，例如可规定：
-用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置包括可滑动地接合在第一和第二设备体部部分上的连接部的至少一个中的拉杆，该拉杆具有轴向支靠接合所述一个连接部的第一端头部，
-该拉杆可包括带螺纹的体部，所述带螺纹的体部穿过用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹指轮中的轴向孔并接纳一轴向支靠接合所述带螺纹的调节指轮的调节器螺母，
-带螺纹的调节指轮可功能性地拧入所述另一个连接部的螺纹孔中，及
-可在第一端头部的支靠接合侧的相对侧，在带螺纹的调节指轮与所述一个连接部之间围绕该拉杆沿轴向接合至少一个压缩弹簧。
这种结构简单、可靠而牢固。
所述一个连接部优选是第一体部部分上的第一连接部，而所述另一个连接部优选是第二体部部分上的第二连接部。因此，在调节期间，使用者操作由该设备的固定部分承载的构件，这样保证更精确的调节。
优选使第一和第二设备体部部分靠近工作区绕横向轴线旋转地相互铰接，而所述第一和第二设备体部部分上的容纳可手动调节式机械装置的连接部在该横向轴线上位于与工作区相对的一侧，并在超声波变换器的远端部分附近远离该横向轴线。因此，这极大地提高了最小间距的调节精度，该精度对于适应热熔性织物的一般很小的厚度以及确保更规整的焊接是必需的。
所述压缩弹簧或弹簧可有利地定位在与横向轴线的距离与用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置基本相同的位置，以便进一步提高调节精度。
为了更进一步提高调节精度，可优选使压缩弹簧围绕拉杆接合。
在一种简单实施例中，通过拧在带螺纹区段上的锁紧螺母(防松螺母)来选择性地将带螺纹的调节指轮在相应连接部上锁止就位。
通过将用于手动调节最小间距的构件改进成持续地吸收(弥补)松弛，可以进一步改善焊接的规整性，为此：
-通过横向螺钉将带螺纹的调节指轮选择性地在相应连接部上锁止就位，该横向螺钉旋拧在相应连接部的螺纹孔中并沿径向支承接合该带螺纹的调节指轮的内部区段，
-用于吸收松弛的弹性装置接合在带螺纹的调节指轮与相应连接部之间，以便总是推动该带螺纹的调节指轮远离另一个连接部。
上述设备可以用于切割和焊接连续地移动的热熔性产品。
按照第一应用，可以规定：
-砧座可包括旋转辊，该旋转辊带有横向轴线并在其有效表面上具有合适的隆起花纹，以及
-超声波焊机用焊头可具有带横向轴线的柱状有效表面。
这种设备可围绕中线产生连续的点焊线。
按照另一应用，可以规定：
-砧座可具有带圆形刃并带有横向轴线的有效表面，并且可固定在第二设备体部部分上，
-超声波焊机用焊头可具有带横向轴线的柱状有效表面。
这种设备可通过超声波产生纵向切口或凹槽，并焊接两个靠近切割线的侧向区域。
在上述任一应用中，该设备都可包括安放在工作区下游侧的切割刀片。这使机器可在焊接区的中央区域中切割热熔性织物。
按照另一方面，本发明提出一种用于通过上述设备超声加工材料条带或薄片的方法，其中首先通过操作弹性支承力调节装置来调节支承力，其后通过操作最小间距手动调节件来调节非零的最小间距，从而在超声波焊机用焊头与砧座之间保持一大于该非零的最小间距的间距，而如果该间距大于该非零的最小间距，则将保持抵靠材料条带或薄片的从超声波焊机用焊头朝向砧座的特定弹性支承力。
优选地，在这种方法中：
-通过超声波在待加工的材料条带或薄片中产生连续的熔化区，该熔化区具有其边缘为一个或两个点焊区域或者不是的纵向凹槽，
-在用这种方法减小厚度的连续熔化区域中用机械方法切割材料条带或薄片，而同时所述材料条带或薄片仍然是热的。
为解决另一个擦散的问题，可以提供一种设备，其中：
-砧座包括狭窄的固定式或旋转式中间部分，所述中间部分在纵向上沿待加工的材料条带或薄片的前进方向定向，并在包括超声波焊机用焊头轴向方向的纵向平面中具有中央脊部，
-砧座包括两个柱状旋转部分，所述旋转部分在该中间部分的两侧具有合适的隆起花纹，
-中央脊部延伸略微超出工作区中柱状旋转部分的顶部母线，
-固定式切割刀片设置在工作区的下游侧和中间部分的轴线上。
结果，带中央脊部的狭窄中间部分产生一纵向中间凹槽，所述纵向中间凹槽可以看作是局部超声切口，从而沿切割线留下厚度较小的材料，所述材料然后很容易被下游的固定式切割刀片划开。同时，带中央脊部的狭窄中间部分确保在约1mm的宽度上连续焊接切割线的两个边缘，这补充了在可从几毫米到约20-25毫米的宽度上通过侧向柱状旋转部分实施的点焊。这消除了热熔性织物在切割线两侧被擦散的危险，而同时保护了织物的柔性和技术品质。
隆起的花纹优选是尖状部，所述尖状部具有小于或等于1mm2的截面，并以约1mm-2mm的间距分布。
附图说明
本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将在下面参照附图对具有实施例的说明中显示出，其中：
图1是按照本发明第一实施例的设备的示意性侧视图；
图2是图1中设备的正视图；
图3是按照本发明第二实施例的设备的示意性侧视图；
图4是图3中设备的正视图；
图5是按照本发明另一实施例的包括锥形超声波焊机用焊头的设备的侧视图；
图6是图5中设备的正视图；
图7是按照本发明一个实施例的可手动调节式机械装置的纵向剖面的局部侧视图，其中该设备抵靠具有最小间距的第一调节的止挡部；
图8是类似于图7的视图，其中该设备远离止挡部，并具有在施加于超声波焊机用焊头上的力的作用下的大于最小间距的间距；
图9是类似于图7的视图，其中该设备抵靠止挡部，但具有另一较小的最小间距调节；
图10是示出超声波焊机用焊头和砧座的调节可能性及相对运动的工作区的示意性侧视图；
图11是按照本发明的一个实施例的适于局部超声波切割和多点超声波点焊的具体砧座结构的示意性侧视图；
图12是图11中砧座的俯视图；
图13是图11中砧座与超声波焊机用焊头和待加工材料一起的局部前剖视图；
图14用透视图示出利用图11-13中的砧座与下游侧的固定刀片相关联所得的结果；
图15是按照图3和4的实施例的砧座与超声波焊机用焊头以及待加工材料的前剖视图；
图16用透视图示出利用图15中的砧座与下游侧的固定刀片相关联所得的结果；
图17是类似于图7的视图，但设备用不同弹性支承力调节装置顶着止挡设备；
图18是按照图11实施例的变型的砧座用于局部超声波切割和多点超声波点焊的侧视图；
图19是图18中砧座的俯视图；以及
图20是按照本发明另一实施例的机械调节装置的纵向剖面的局部侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1-6作为示例性而非限制性例子示出按照本发明所述的设备用于材料条带的超声加工的三个实施例。
图1和2中的设备是具有整体机械切割的连续式超声波点焊机，上述点焊机在几毫米的宽度上产生两个侧向点焊，接着在焊接部之间的中间区中进行机械切割。
图3和4中的设备是连续式超声波切割焊接机，所述切割焊接机在切割线两侧的约1mm的宽度上产生具有两个连续焊接部的焊接切割。
图5和6中的设备是另一种连续式超声波切割焊接设备。
在上述三个实施例的每一个中，大多数结构元件都重复，并且相应的元件用相同的附图标记表示。
在每种情况下，该设备原则上用于加工热熔性材料条带或薄片23，所述材料条带或薄片23被沿箭头1所示的向前运动的方向进给到位于超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的工作区2。
因此该设备包括超声波焊机用焊头3，所述超声波焊机用焊头3在功能上与超声波变换器5相关联，并由第一设备体部部分6承载。
该设备包括砧座4，所述砧座4由第二设备体部部分7与超声波焊机用焊头3相对地保持在工作区2的另一侧。
超声波焊机用焊头3、超声波变换器5和砧座4在穿过工作区2的轴向方向I-I上对准，并且大致垂直于向前方向1。超声波变换器5在方向I-I上在超声频率下产生轴向振动，所述振动通过变送器和/或放大器单元9例如升压器传送到超声波焊机用焊头3。
第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7围绕横向轴线8相互铰接。
横向轴线8优选靠近工作区2，并朝向前方向1侧向偏置。D1表示工作区2和横向轴线8之间的距离。
在这个实施例中，第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7可相对转动，该相对转动使超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4在工作区2中彼此相向或远离地相对位移。
在第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11和第二设备体部部分7上的连接部12之间设有可手动调节式机械装置10。如从图中可见的，第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7上的连接部11和12远离横向轴线8，靠近超声波变换器5的远端部分5a。D2表示横向轴线8与连接部11和12之间的距离。
另外，如图所示，可手动调节式机械装置10处在横向轴线8的与工作区2相对的一侧。
结果，第一设备体部部分6的连接部11和第二设备体部部分7的连接部12之间的规定的相对位移D引起第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7绕横向轴线8的相对枢转，这同时使超声波焊机用焊头3在轴向方向I-I上相对于砧座4产生位移d。
通过选择将横向轴线8置于靠近工作区2的位置以及将连接部分11和12远离横向轴线8放置，即通过使距离D2显著大于距离D1，超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的位移d将比第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7上的两个连接部分11和12的位移D的幅度小得多，因此距离d的调节精度将大大增加。本领域技术人员将能按照所要求的精度选择比值D2/D1。
在图1和2所示的实施例中，超声波焊机用焊头3具有柱状有效表面3a，该有效表面3a具有横向轴线和宽度L(图2)，该宽度L随着要求的不同而可以比较小，例如数毫米或者20-25mm，而砧座4包括旋转辊4a，该旋转辊4a具有横向轴线和有效表面4b，在有效表面4b处包括合适形状的尖状部或隆起花纹，以用于在待加工的材料中产生面向超声波焊机用焊头3的有效表面3a的点焊部。
该设备还包括固定式切割刀片13，所述切割刀片13在待加工材料的前进方向1上放置于工作区2的下游侧。固定式切割刀片13与超声波焊机用焊头3的中平面II-II(图2)对准。
在图3和4的实施例中，超声波焊机用焊头3具有基本上与图1和2的实施例相同的形状，其具有带横向轴线的柱状有效表面3a，而砧座4包括带有圆形刃4c并具有横向轴线4d的有效表面。在操作时，将砧座4固定以防绕其横向轴线4d旋转，从而在待加工材料经过超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间时将该待加工材料划开。
在一种变型中，图3和4的实施例可以与在图3中用虚线示出的切割刀片13相关联，该切割刀片在中平面II-II中设置于工作区2的下游侧。
在图5和6的实施例中，砧座4包括具有横向轴线和窄的宽度LI的柱状有效表面4e，而超声波焊机用焊头3包括带有横向轴线的锥状半圆形有效表面3b。
在图1、2、5和6的实施例中，第二设备体部部分7设计成固定到支承件如机架上，因此将砧座4安装在固定位置中，而超声波焊机用焊头3和第一设备体部部分6围绕横向轴线8枢转。
在图3和4的实施例中，相反地，第一设备体部部分6设计成固定到支承件如机架上，超声波焊机用焊头3也固定，而砧座4和第二设备体部部分7围绕横向轴线8枢转。
在本发明的所有实施例中，可手动调节式机械装置10一方面包括弹性装置如弹簧22(图7)，而另一方面包括用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置如拉杆20(图7)，所述弹性装置用于对第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7沿超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4在工作区2中在轴向方向I-I(图10)上彼此相向运动的方向的相对位移弹性加载，所述止挡装置禁止连接部11和12在工作区2中并在最小间距E内沿超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4彼此靠近的方向进行相对位移。因此限制器止挡装置20使超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的轴向距离保持大于特定的最小间距E，从而禁止超声波焊机用焊头3与砧座4之间在最小间距E内沿渐近运动的方向进行相对位移，而允许它们沿相互远离的方向进行相对位移。
结果，在工作区2中沿前进方向1的较厚材料条带或薄片23可以弹性推动超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4分开，而弹性装置22压在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的待加工材料条带或薄片23上，以传送超声振动的能量。因此这使工作区2中的材料软化或部分熔化，而同时不允许超声波焊机用焊头3与砧座4之间物理接触。
在所有实施例中，可手动调节式机械装置10还包括一用于调节最小间距E的手动件如带螺纹的调节指轮17，该指轮17本身承载弹性装置或弹簧22和用于限制渐近的相对运动的止挡装置20。
现在将详细说明如图7-9和17所示的在4个操作阶段期间的按照本发明一种可能的实施例的可手动调节式机械装置10。
这些图示出第一设备体部部分6、第二设备体部部分7和横向轴线8及第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11和第二设备体部部分7上的连接部12，可手动调节式机械装置10设置在上述连接部11和12之间。
第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11包括通孔14。第二设备体部部分7上的连接部12具有管状形状，其内壳15包括部分远离连接部11的螺纹孔16，该螺纹孔16具有一拧入其中的带螺纹的调节指轮17。该调节指轮17包括一与连接部11中的通孔14对准的轴向孔18。指轮17具有伸出的外部部分19，以用于保持该指轮17并手动地使该指轮17绕轴线III-III旋转。拉杆20可滑动地接合在第一连接部11的孔14和调节指轮17的孔18中，并因此也在第二设备体部部分7的连接部12的内壳15中滑动。
拉杆20具有第一端头部20a，该第一端头部20a轴向支承靠接第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11的外部面。拉杆20包括带螺纹的体部20b，该体部20b自由穿过指轮17的轴向孔18并接纳调节器螺母21。调节器螺母21通常沿轴向支靠指轮17的外部面19a。因此拉杆20直接支靠在指轮17上。在调节指轮17与第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11之间，围绕拉杆20的带螺纹的体部20b沿轴向接合有螺旋压缩弹簧22。因此该弹簧22支靠在指轮17上。
操作如下：在图7所示的休止状态下，压缩弹簧22将两个连接部11和12并因此将两个设备体部部分6和7推动分开，从而使超声波焊机用焊头3(图1-6)和砧座4沿轴向方向I-I彼此靠近。但这种渐近运动受下述事实限制，即，拉杆20限制连接部11和12的间距，该拉杆的头部20a保持支靠连接部11，而螺母21保持支靠指轮17。拉杆20与指轮17和螺母21结合构成用于限制超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4的相互靠近的运动的装置。
假定例如由于厚的材料条带或薄片23接合在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间而在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间产生力，则超声波焊机用焊头3可移动远离砧座4，从而压缩该压缩弹簧22，如图8所示。在这种情况下，拉杆20在第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11中滑动。弹簧22决定超声波焊机用焊头3上朝向砧座4方向的返回力，并因此决定施加在待加工材料条带或薄片23上的压力。当待加工材料在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间熔化时，超声波焊机用焊头3深入待加工材料中，并且设备可返回图7所示位置，然后拉杆20限制超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4向待加工材料的深入。
可通过拧入或拧出指轮17来调节超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4深入待加工材料条带或薄片23中的深度，例如如图9所示。如在该图中可见的，进一步拧入指轮17将使该指轮17和第一设备体部部分6上的连接部11向左移动，从而使超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4彼此靠近，由此产生更小的最小间距。
因此，拉杆20防止第一和第二设备体部部分6和7上的连接部11和12相对运动超出可通过指轮17调节的最大间距值。同时，弹簧22推动第一和第二设备体部部分6和7上的两个连接部11和12相互远离。
拉杆20构成用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置，该止挡装置限制超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4的可能的相互靠近。因此止挡装置使超声波焊机用焊头3与砧座4之间的距离保持大于最小间距E。
指轮17构成可通过其调节最小间距E的手动式最小间距调节件。
参照附图可以看出，可手动调节式机械装置10设置成通过转动指轮17来使该指轮位移，转动指轮会改变超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的最小距离、而不改变由弹性装置或弹簧22产生的枢转用弹簧载荷，因为在从图7改变到图9期间不会明显地压缩该弹簧22。这种效果由于下述事实而得到，即用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置20和弹性装置22例如在如图所示由指轮17承载时会直接或间接地支靠最小间距手动调节件或指轮17。
如在图7-9和17中清楚看出的，包括拉杆20并用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置防止第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部部分7上的两个连接部11和12彼此远离地移动超过可由指轮17的最大值。同时，包括弹簧22的弹性装置推动第一设备体部部分6和第二设备体部分7上的两个连接部11和12相互移离，以使超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4彼此靠近。
尽管如此，提供由拧到拉杆20上并支靠在指轮17上的调节器螺母21构成的弹性支承力调节装置以改变由弹簧22施加的力可能是有用的。
为此，转动调节器螺母21，这将或多或少地压缩该弹簧22。通过拧松调节器螺母21来减少弹簧22的压缩量以使该弹簧从图7所示位置移动到图17所示位置，可例如减小由弹簧22施加的用于超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间的渐近运动的返回力。拧入调节器螺母21则产生相反的效果。
如已知设备那样，上述设备通过将超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4分别压到待加工材料的两侧而工作。然而，按照本发明，该设备在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间具有精确且可调的间距的情况下工作。最小间距E可由使用者根据待加工材料的厚度和性质的变化来确定。材料的熔化结果易于控制，并且变得几乎与材料在前进方向1上的运动速度无关。
这产生很规整的超声波焊接和切割。该设备避免热熔性织物的过度熔化，对某些材料来说，过度熔化意味着对织物技术品质的破坏。
这可提高生产率并减少废料。
可手动调节式机械装置10在变换器5的远端部分5a附近的特别布置-即较大距离D2与较小的距离D1相结合-使得超声波焊机用焊头3靠近砧座4的运动以及最小间距E具有很大的精度。这种精度对于一般很薄的材料条带或薄片的焊接或切割结果的最佳控制是必需的。所得到的精度等于或小于超声波焊机用焊头3的超声振动幅度。
同时，在待加工材料条带或薄片23的厚度过大的情况下，超声波焊机用焊头3可以由于弹簧22的可挤压性而自动缩回。
可通过转动调节器螺母21或通过用不同刚度的弹簧代替弹簧22来调节由弹簧22施加的力。
为保证最小间距E的良好精度和良好重现性，选择性地锁止用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹指轮17的位置可能有用。
为此，在图1-9和17的实施例中，  可通过旋拧在指轮17的带螺纹部分上的锁紧螺母17a来锁止该指轮17。锁紧螺母17a在轴向上支靠管状连接部12的端部。
应当注意，锁紧螺母17a的夹持作用将指轮17的螺纹的一个端面压靠在螺纹孔16的对应螺纹端面上，如果给定某种必需的功能性间隙，则上述情况很小改变最小间距E的调节。
为减小这种作用并因此进一步提高最小间距E调节的精度，可优选图20所示的实施例，在该实施例中，选择性地通过横向螺钉17b将用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹指轮17在相应连接部12上锁止就位，所述横向螺钉17b旋拧在相应连接部12上的螺纹孔12a中并沿径向支承在用于调节的带螺纹指轮17的内部区段上。
同时，在用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹指轮17和相应的连接部12之间接合有用于吸收松弛的弹性装置，例如比弹簧22更强的螺旋弹簧17c，以便总是将用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹指轮17向远离另一个连接部11的方向推动。因此，无论横向螺钉17b是否紧固，弹簧17c都总是将指轮17的螺纹压靠在螺纹孔16的同一螺纹端面上。
图10示意性地示出该设备在工作时的操作。从图中可见超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4。当休止时-即无待加工材料时，可以通过操作调节器指轮17(图7)来使超声波焊机用焊头3在行程C中靠近和远离砧座4。
最小间距E或者超声波焊机用焊头3与砧座4在静止时的间距是这样选定的。
通过由变换器5产生的超声振动给超声波焊机用焊头3加载，然后能加工沿前进方向1引入工作区2的热熔性材料条带或薄片23。由于这种将材料加热并往往使材料软化到熔点的超声振动的作用，当材料条带或薄片23经过工作区2时，该材料条带或薄片23变薄。为纵向切割材料条带或薄片23，选定小的最小间距E。
下面选定较大的最小间距E以实施焊接：最小间距E必需小于材料条带或薄片23的初始厚度，以便压在材料上并足以使其在工作区2中熔化；但该最小间距E必须不能太小，以避免材料条带或薄片23的厚度在操作期间减小过多。
可通过提供柱状辊形式的砧座4来实施点焊，该柱状棍在其有效表面4b上具有适当的隆起的花纹。
如果材料条带或薄片23平常厚，或者假定材料未充分熔化，则可以通过枢转装置和弹簧22将超声波焊机用焊头3移动离开砧座4。
在上述说明中，材料条带或薄片23沿附图所示的前进方向1-即垂直于横向轴线8的方向-移动。但按照本发明，该设备也可用于例如通过在必要时将超声波焊机用焊头3和/或砧座4枢转90°来加工沿与横向轴线平行的前进方向移动的材料条带或薄片。这样能够例如加工织物的边。
现在参考图11-14，所述图示出按照本发明的特殊砧座结构。
这种特殊砧座结构的优点是显著减少了在纵向切割织物条带或薄片期间擦散热熔性材料织物的危险。
为实现这种效果，砧座4包括一狭窄的固定式中间部分24，该中间部分24沿待加工材料条带或薄片23的前进方向纵向定向，并且中央脊部24a在包括轴向方向I-I的纵向平面中朝向超声波焊机用焊头3定向。
砧座4还包括两个在固定式中间部分24的相应对边上具有适当隆起的花纹的柱状旋转部分25a和25b，所述柱状旋转部分25a和25b安装成绕横向轴线25e自由旋转。
固定式中间部分24的中央脊部24a延伸略微超出工作区2的两个柱状旋转部分25a和25b的顶部母线，从而稍微更靠近超声波焊机用焊头3。
可通过示意性示出的调节装置例如升降螺杆24b和24c有利地将固定式中间部分24朝向和远离超声波焊机用焊头3调节就位。
调节装置还可例如通过定心螺钉24d和24e调节固定式中间部分24的侧向位置，以防止柱状旋转部分25a和25b的任何磨擦。
在实际中，柱状旋转部分25a和25b紧固在一起、安装在同一轮毂上并由槽25d隔开，砧座4的固定式中间部分24接合在该槽25d中。
图14示出利用这种砧座得到的结果：织造的热熔性材料条带或薄片23沿前进方向1前进，并面向固定的超声波焊机用焊头3在砧座4的固定式中间部分24上滑动，从而固定式中间部分24深入形成纵向凹槽26的材料中。凹槽26的边缘包括已持续熔化的材料，从而保证在切割线的两侧上在约1mm的宽度范围内连续地焊接凹槽26的边缘。同时，两个柱状旋转部分25a和25b形成了两个侧向区域27和28，所述侧向区域的宽度根据要求的不同可能为几个毫米或者约20-25mm，在所述侧向区域中，柱状旋转部分25a和25b的隆起的花纹产生焊点，从而在不影响柔性的情况下保证织造材料条带或薄片23的热熔性纤维的附着力。
由于该设备可限制超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4深入材料条带或薄片23中，所以凹槽26一定具有稍小于材料条带23的厚度的深度。
从而很容易将该作业与由切割刀片13(图1或3)进行的切割相结合，所述切割刀片13设置在工作区2的下游侧以及固定式中间部分24的轴线上，该切割刀片13仅在凹槽26的底部中切割很小的材料厚度。
如果柱状旋转部分25a和25b具有形式为金字塔尖状部的隆起花纹，则可获得良好的效果，所述金字塔尖状部具有小于或等于1mm2的截面并且以约1mm-2mm的节距分布。
图18和19示出按照本发明的用于减少热熔性织物材料摩损的危险的变型砧座4。如在图11-13中那样，两个具有适当的隆起花纹的柱状旋转部分25a和25b安装成绕横向轴线25c自由旋转。不同之处在于，中间部分24一它也是旋转部分一紧固在柱状旋转部分25a和25b上。该中间部分24包括位于含有轴向方向I-I的纵向平面内的圆形中央脊部24a。该中央脊部24a在工作区2中延伸略微超出柱状旋转部分25a和25b的顶部母线之外。图14以同样的方式示出利用这种砧座所得到的结果。
应当理解，本发明因此提供一种用于利用上述设备超声加工热熔性材料条带或薄片的方法，其中相继地进行支承力的调节，然后进行非零最小间距E的调节，从而在超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4之间保持一大于非零最小间距E的间距，而如果该间距大于非零最小间距E，则在材料条带或薄片23上保持超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4的特定弹性支承力。
可有利地以两个相继的、具有小间隔的步骤实施切割：
-通过超声波在材料条带或薄片23中产生其边缘为两个点焊区域亦即所述两个侧向区域27和28的连续的熔合区域亦即凹槽26，
-在由此产生的熔合区域中亦即在凹槽26的底部中机械地切割材料条带或薄片23，该区域仍然是热的，这样更方便切割。
按照图11-13的砧座4可以在尤其是如图1和2所示的设备中使用。
可以证明，利用这种带有可手动调节式机械装置10的砧座特别有利，所述可手动调节式机械装置10有效地限制超声波焊机用焊头3和砧座4深入待加工材料中的深度，从而使固定式切割刀片13可以完成切割。
然而，按照图11-13所述的砧座4也可独立于其它的可手动调节地机械装置10而应用，并因此构成独立的发明。
图15和16示出按照本发明所述的方法的变型。在这种情况下，例如使用如图3和4所示的设备。图15是以较大比例示出的局部正视图，其为工作区2附近的剖面。图中可见具有圆形刃4c的砧座4。
图16示出利用这种砧座4所得到的结果：热熔性材料的条带或薄片23沿前进方向1前进，并在形成凹槽26的圆形刃4c上滑动，该凹槽26的边缘由熔化的材料构成，从而保证连续焊接。设置在工作区2的下游侧的固定式切割刀片13完成在槽26的底部中对材料条带或薄片23的切割。
在上述所有包括具有至少一个绕横向轴线4a旋转的元件的砧座4的实施例中，将旋转元件安装在轴承上可能是有利的。这种安装有利于使材料条带或薄片23经过改进的轧制，并因此有助于在几何形状和强度方面改进焊接质量。
实际上，通过轴承提高的轧制可防止在超声波加热期间变弱的焊接区在牵引中加载荷，从而保证通过砧座4的尖状部或隆起花纹留在待加工材料中的印记的几何变形较小。此外，这种轧制更流畅并且颠动(停顿)更少，织物可被更均匀地拉动，因此防止特定的焊接区由于在超声波焊机用焊头下停留时间较长而过热，从而影响焊接的质量和均匀性。
本发明不限于上面明确说明的实施例，而是包括处在下面的权利要求的范围内的各种不同的变型和概括。

Claims (13)

1.用于超声加工材料条带或薄片(23)的设备，包括：
-超声波焊机用焊头(3)，所述超声波焊机用焊头(3)与超声波变换器(5)在功能上相关联并在工作区(2)的第一侧由第一设备体部部分(6)承载，
-砧座(4)，所述砧座(4)在工作区(2)的另一侧由第二设备体部部分(7)与超声波焊机用焊头(3)相对地保持，
-第一设备体部部分(6)和第二设备体部部分(7)可彼此相对位移，以产生超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)彼此靠近或远离的相对移动，
-可手动调节式机械装置(10)，该可手动调节式机械装置(10)设置在第一设备体部部分(6)上的第一连接部(11)与第二设备体部部分(7)上的第二连接部(12)之间，并具有用于对第一连接部(11)和第二连接部(12)的沿超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)在工作区(2)中彼此靠近地移动的方向的相对位移进行弹性加载的弹性装置(22)，
-在可手动调节式机械装置(10)中的用于改变弹性装置(22)的压缩状态的弹性支承力调节装置(21)，
-在可手动调节式机械装置(10)中的用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置(20)，该止挡装置(20)阻止第一连接部(11)和第二连接部(12)在最小间距(E)内沿超声波焊机用焊头(3)与砧座(4)彼此靠近的方向的相对位移，但允许其相反方向的位移，
-在可手动调节式机械装置(10)中的最小间距手动调节件(17)，该最小间距手动调节件(17)用于调节限制渐近运动所用的止挡装置(20)的位置，并因此调节最小间距(E)，
其特征在于，在可手动调节式机械装置(10)中，所述用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置(20)和所述弹性装置(22)直接或间接支靠接合最小间距手动调节件(17)，从而用以改变最小间距(E)的最小间距手动调节件(17)的操作不会改变由弹性装置(22)所产生的弹性支承力。
2.按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，
-用于限制渐近运动的装置(20)包括选定地支靠接合所述连接部(11，12)中的一个连接部的止挡部(20a)，并由最小间距手动调节件(17)承载，
-最小间距手动调节件(17)安装成可沿另一个连接部(11，12)移动，
-弹性装置(22)功能性地接合在该最小间距手动调节件(17)与所述一个连接部(11，12)之间。
3.按照权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，在可手动调节式机械装置(10)中：
-用于限制渐近运动的止挡装置包括可滑动地接合在第一设备体部部分(6)和第二设备体部部分(7)上的连接部(11，12)的至少一个中的拉杆(20)，该拉杆(20)具有轴向支靠接合所述一个连接部(11，12)的第一端头部(20a)，
-该拉杆(20)包括带螺纹的体部(20b)，该带螺纹的体部(20b)穿过用于手动调节最小间距的带螺纹的调节指轮(17)中的轴向孔(18)，并接纳一轴向支靠接合该带螺纹的调节指轮(17)的调节器螺母(21)，
-该带螺纹的调节指轮(17)功能性地拧入所述另一个连接部(11，12)的螺纹孔(16)中，
-在第一端头部(20a)的支靠接合侧的相对侧，在带螺纹的调节指轮(17)与所述一个连接部(11，12)之间围绕该拉杆(20)沿轴向接合至少一个压缩弹簧(22)。
4.按照权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述一个连接部(11，12)是第一体部部分(6)上的第一连接部(11)，而所述另一个连接部(11，12)是第二体部部分(7)上的第二连接部(12)。
5.按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备，其特征在于，第一设备体部部分(6)和第二设备体部部分(7)在工作区(2)附近围绕一横向轴线(8)旋转地相互铰接，而第一设备体部部分(6)和第二设备体部部分(7)上的容纳可手动调节式机械装置(10)的连接部(11，12)位于横向轴线(8)的与工作区(2)相对的一侧，并在超声波变换器(5)的远端部分(5a)附近远离该横向轴线(8)。
6.按照权利要求3或4所述的设备，其特征在于，所述带螺纹的调节指轮(17)由拧在带螺纹区段上的锁紧螺母(17a)选择性地在相应连接部(11，12)上锁止就位。
7.按照权利要求3或4所述的设备，其特征在于：
-所述带螺纹的调节指轮(17)由一横向螺钉(17b)选择性地在相应连接部(11，12)上锁止就位，该横向螺钉旋拧在相应连接部(11，12)的横向螺纹孔(12a)中并沿径向支承接合该带螺纹的调节指轮(17)的内部区段，
-在带螺纹的调节指轮(17)与相应的连接部(11，12)之间接合有用于吸收松弛的弹性装置(17c)，以便总是推动该带螺纹的调节指轮(17)远离另一个连接部(11，12)。
8.按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备适于切割或焊接连续移动的热熔性产品(23)。
9.按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备，其特征在于：
-砧座(4)包括带横向轴线      的旋转辊，所述旋转辊在其有效表面(4b)上具有合适的隆起花纹，以及
-超声波焊机用焊头(3)具有带横向轴线的柱状有效表面(3a)。
10.按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备，其特征在于：
-砧座(4)具有带圆形刃(4c)和横向轴线(4d)的有效表面，并固定到第二设备体部部分(7)上，以及
-超声波焊机用焊头(3)具有带横向轴线的柱状有效表面(3a)。
11.按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备还包括安放在工作区(2)的下游侧的切割刀片(13)。
12.用于通过按照权利要求1-4之一所述的设备超声加工材料条带或薄片(23)的方法，其特征在于，首先通过操作弹性支承力调节装置(21)来调节支承力，此后通过操作最小间距手动调节件(17)来调节非零的最小间距(E)，从而在超声波焊机用焊头(3)和砧座(4)之间保持一大于该非零的最小间距(E)的间距，而如果该间距大于该非零的最小间距(E)，则保持抵靠材料条带或薄片(23)的从超声波焊机用焊头(3)朝向砧座(4)的特定弹性支承力。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于：
-通过超声波在待加工的材料条带或薄片(23)中产生连续的熔化区，该熔化区具有其边缘为一个或两个点焊区域(27，28)或者不是的纵向凹槽(26)，
-在材料条带或薄片(23)仍然热的同时，在厚度由此减小的该连续的熔化区中用机械方法切割该材料条带或薄片(23)。
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