CN100538579C - Hvac系统中受阻塞过滤器的检测 - Google Patents

Hvac系统中受阻塞过滤器的检测 Download PDF

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CN100538579C
CN100538579C CNB200480037784XA CN200480037784A CN100538579C CN 100538579 C CN100538579 C CN 100538579C CN B200480037784X A CNB200480037784X A CN B200480037784XA CN 200480037784 A CN200480037784 A CN 200480037784A CN 100538579 C CN100538579 C CN 100538579C
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pressure
hvac
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measurement
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CN1894641A (zh
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R·K·夏
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Carrier Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0084Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
    • B01D46/0086Filter condition indicators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B01D46/446Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration by pressure measuring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B21/00Systems involving sampling of the variable controlled
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/50Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for air conditioning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/39Monitoring filter performance

Abstract

在HVAC系统中测量静压,并用于预测HVAC系统中过滤器的状况。由于过滤器变得阻塞,可料到静压增加。定期确定该静压变化,并用于预测该过滤器的状况。一个显示器提供给使用者过滤器当前状况的指示、以及一旦过滤器达到预定的状况予以更替的建议。

Description

HVAC系统中受阻塞过滤器的检测
技术领域
本发明利用HVAC系统中的压力测量来确定何时空气过滤器已阻塞到应予以替换的地步。
背景技术
利用过滤器将洁净的空气提供到HVAC系统,以在要受到加热或冷却的环境内循环。众所周知,一般将过滤器放置在风扇的上游,抽吸空气通过过滤器,从空气中去除杂质。
随着时间的流逝,过滤器变得阻塞,最后应当将其替换。阻塞的过滤器为风扇的进一步操作造成困难,并且增加了风扇的负荷。而且,在某种情况下,过滤器会饱和到停止空气流动,这也是不希望的。
在现有技术中,已有定期替换过滤器的建议。例如,一种已知的温度调节装置,在先前的过滤器替换一段时间之后,提供建议过滤器替换的信号。然而,这种系统是基于假设的过滤器状况,而不是基于实际的过滤器状况。这种假设会导致将过滤器替换得过于频繁,或者不够频繁。
一种已知的系统利用监视风扇速度的控制,并且如果风扇速度表示过滤器变脏则预测过滤器变脏。虽然这种方法比现有技术的“假设”方法更有利,但是仍然希望提供确定过滤器状况的可选择的方法。
发明内容
在本发明公开的实施方式中,进行并且评估压力测量以确定过滤器状况。在实施方式中,评估测量的静压变化并用于预测过滤器阻塞的百分比。
在实施方式中,在假设过滤器洁净的情况下取“初始”静压读数。然后定期地取“当前”静压读数,并且将其与初始压力比较。利用初始压力和当前压力之间的变化来确定该过滤器的状况。
通过下面的说明和附图可以最好地理解本发明的这些和其它特征,下面是附图的简要描述。
附图说明
附图1是HVAC系统的示意图。
附图2是本发明的流程图。
附图3是实验值的曲线图。
具体实施方式
附图1中示意性地显示了HVAC系统20。如图所示,操作HVAC系统20以加热或冷却环境22。组件24如炉子提供来自进入空气管25的空气。典型地,将过滤器26布置在进入空气管25上,以及风扇28的上游。风扇28将空气抽过进入管25、过滤器26以及炉子24。将来自炉子24的空气导入管30,然后通过具有挡板34的子管32导入不同的区域。
如上所述,希望定期地替换会变得阻塞的过滤器26。本发明涉及一种确定何时应替换过滤器26的方法。控制器36如微处理器显示与温度调节装置37关联,并且可以操作以提供过滤器26的信息。
本发明依靠识别静压是三点处的压降之和,这三点即通过管道系统、穿过炉子和穿过过滤器。通过管和炉子的压降通常是恒定的,并且对于任何给定的空气流是可预测的。然而,穿过过滤器的压降随时间增加,这是由于过滤器受尘埃负累。
可以将静压作为输送的空气流和感应的风扇电动机速度的函数计算,并且采取表征特定炉子和风扇模型的常数。确定静压的最优选的算法在2003年4月30日申请的,并且标题为“利用速度可变的鼓风机马达确定管道空气输送系统中的静压的方法(Method of Determining Static Pressure in a DuctedAir Delivery System Using a Variable Speed Blower Motor)”的美国专利申请No.10/426463中公开,在此将其公开的全部内容合并作为参考。
本发明认识到静压变化可标示过滤器26的状况变化。利用这种认识提供过滤器26实际状况在温度调节装置37的反馈。可以看到,温度调节装置37具有视觉的“过滤器使用的%”显示条。
在优选的方法中,该系统取得初始静压测量。可以在开始通电和安装系统时一开始就办妥,或者任何时候房主通过按复位按钮手动启动过滤器时。该初始静压在温度调节装置37的控制36中与新的或者洁净的过滤器有关。将从该初始静压的变化作为该过滤器的变化状况的指示。
定期地采取当前的静压测量。这些测量可以在微处理器36的控制下每单位时间例如一天再做一次。也可以在用户界面将该系统从操作模式关掉的任何时间进行该测量,例如在过滤器更换时进行。
除此之外,如果“当前”的静压测量总是小于“初始”的静压测量,则用新读取的当前静压测量代替以前存储的初始静压。
优选地通过微处理器36在关闭加热或冷却模式的一段风扇预运行时间如五分钟,进行静压测量。风扇28优选地以小于100%名义冷却空气流量(例如70%)运行。当响应从关闭到操作模式的手动切换完成测量时,在该测量之前将持续的风扇预运行时间减少到两分钟,以便为想要看到过滤器变化的结果的使用者提供更快的响应。选择70%水平的风扇操作,以便在该测量过程期间将噪声最小化,同时还提供足够的分辨率。
在测量期间,取得几次风扇电动机的速度读数,例如以10秒间隔进行六次。然后优选地求这些读数的平均值。如果在该过程期间使用温度调节装置37上的条观察过滤器,则优选地不示出使用的百分比。而最优选地,显示测量正在进行的某种指示(例如,测量中)。
如果中断加热或冷却以便计算测量,则微处理器36中的控制逻辑优选地一旦该测量完成,保证阶段计时器就不再延迟加热或冷却的准备。如上所述,最优选地基于在上述参考的应用中提及的专有公式确定静压。然而,本领域的普通技术人员能够确立确定静压的其它方法。假设风扇电动机减少到70%,则优选地将某个乘数乘以确定的静压,以便得到实际值(即两倍于测量值,以便提供完全名义上的冷却空气流量的值)。
还可以识别最大静压。这表示室内风扇相对于阻塞的过滤器输送完全的冷却空气流的能力。最大静压表示完全阻塞的过滤器26,并且其基于炉子和风扇型号、以及相对于最大许可AC和热泵大小的AC或热泵尺寸确定的。也就是说,将最大静压定义为某种系统特性,其会依赖于系统中组件的选择组合而变化,但是对于一旦确定的系统通常是固定的。优选地将最大静压存储在微处理器36内。一旦微处理器36了解实际系统中几个组件中的每一个,或者可以是某个预置数字,就可以确定该最大静压,该数字是可能优选的最大静压的近似值。
如图2所示,一旦完成静压测量,则可以计算过滤器使用的百分比。在附图2的流程图中,可以看到,优选的方法采取当前的静压和初始压力之间的差,并且将其除以最大值和初始值之间的差的百分比。最优选地,使过滤器使用的百分比相对于其先前值上下算到最近的10%,以便提供某些希望的滞后。另一方面,如果过滤器使用的百分比小于5%,则优选地将其算到0%。这保证了当用洁净的过滤器26替换先前的过滤器26时,其从0%读数开始。
如果过滤器使用的百分比是100%或者更大,则在温度调节装置36上使用的条显示填满,但是即使其大于100%,印出的数值优选地表示实际确定的百分比数。
最优选地,使用下面的公式:
过滤器使用的%=(当前-初始)/(0.6*(最大-初始))。
该优选的公式算入过滤器26负荷了多少(当前-初始)以及系统能够容受的初始压降是多少(最大-初始)。乘数X(例如0.6)允许不同的初始值,以便产生100%的负荷值。当然,可以使用除了0.6以外的乘数。较低的初始压降导致在该过滤器用尽之前更大的容许增加。另一方面,较高的初始压降允许较小的增加空间,但是过滤器的寿命会在更高的绝对静压结束,如果其仍然在可接受的界限内。例如在附图3所示的曲线图中示出,其是“过滤器使用的”相对于“当前的静压”变化的测量值。注意到在“过滤器使用的”接近100%、给定明显的和递增的初始静压时得到更高的当前压力。
在区域系统中,通常可以重复上述方法,然而最希望的是在该测量过程期间保持所有的挡板34打开。可以具有不同系统的改进,其中可以预测在区域系统的“公共”部分中的静压。也就是说,可以在不特定于该区域的地区(即不包括子管32)中确定静压。由于过滤器26在该公共地区内,因而仅该静压是对本发明必要的。
总而言之,本发明定义一种确定过滤器26的实际状况,以及预测其剩余寿命的百分比的方法。由于利用的是实际状况,因而本发明更精确地预测过滤器26的状况,并且保证必要时替换过滤器26,但是同时避免了对仍然具有剩余使用寿命的过滤器26的替换。
虽然公开了本发明的优选实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员会认识到某些修改也在本发明的范围之内。为此,应研究下面的权利要求以确定本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (18)

1.一种HVAC系统的控制器,包括:
输入,所述输入接收表示在由所述控制器控制的HVAC系统内的压力的测量,并且所述控制器可操作以基于所述测量确定与所述HVAC系统一起使用的过滤器的状况,
其中由所述控制器接收的静压测量包括测量的在前的静压和测量的当前的静压,并且利用当前的和初始的静压之间的差确定所述过滤器的状况。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制器,其中所述测量表示静压。
3.一种HVAC系统,包括:
风扇,将空气提供给所述风扇的供给管,所述风扇可操作以将来自所述供给管的空气输送到要调节的环境,以及过滤器,安装所述过滤器以便从由所述风扇输送到所述环境的所述空气中去除杂质;
控制器,所述控制器可操作以接收所述系统内的压力的指示,并且基于所述压力确定所述过滤器的状况;以及
由所述控制器接收的所述压力包括在前的测量的压力和当前的测量的压力,利用所述当前的和在前的测量的压力之间的差提供对过滤器状况的指示。
4.如权利要求3所述的HVAC系统,其中确定最大压力,并且如果所述当前的测量的压力超过所述最大压力,则作出立即需要将所述过滤器替换的指示。
5.如权利要求3所述的HVAC系统,其中显示器提供对所述过滤器的阻塞状况百分比的指示。
6.如权利要求5所述的HVAC系统,其中所述显示器包括一旦所述过滤器的所述状况达到预定的状况就建议替换所述过滤器的指示。
7.如权利要求3所述的HVAC系统,其中所述在前的测量的压力读数是初始压力,所述初始压力为过滤器洁净的情况下取得的读数。
8.如权利要求7所述的HVAC系统,其中当对与所述控制器关联的复位按钮动作时,所述控制器接收对所述在前的测量的压力的替换。
9.如权利要求3所述的HVAC系统,其中所述当前的和在前的测量的压力读数是静压读数。
10.如权利要求9所述的HVAC系统,其中通过下面的公式利用所述当前的和在前的测量的静压读数确定过滤器状况:
过滤器使用的%=(当前-先前)/(X*(最大-先前)),
其中x是乘数,“最大”是表示阻塞的过滤器的在前定义的最大压力。
11.如权利要求10所述的HVAC系统,其中X是小于1.0的乘数。
12.如权利要求11所述的HVAC系统,其中X等于0.6。
13.如权利要求10所述的HVAC系统,其中所述在前的测量的压力读数是初始压力读数。
14.一种确定HVAC系统中过滤器的状况的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)提供包括过滤器的HVAC系统,所述过滤器过滤由所述HVAC系统输送到要调节的环境的空气;
(2)通过所述过滤器将空气移动到所述环境;
(3)测量所述系统内的压力,并且利用所述测量的压力确定所述过滤器的当前状况,
其中步骤(3)的压力测量包括将在前测量的压力与当前压力比较,并且利用该差确定所述过滤器的所述状况。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中将所述在前的压力测量作为初始压力读数。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中将所述压力读数作为静压读数。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括基于所述当前的状况确定所述过滤器中剩余寿命的百分比,并且显示所述剩余寿命的步骤。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括提供复位按钮使使用者将所述过滤器的当前状况复位成新的状况的步骤。
CNB200480037784XA 2003-12-17 2004-12-13 Hvac系统中受阻塞过滤器的检测 Expired - Fee Related CN100538579C (zh)

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