CN100532747C

CN100532747C - Method and apparatus for precasting and framed block element construction

Info

Publication number: CN100532747C
Application number: CNB2003801042976A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·W·鲍威尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-10-08
Filing date: 2003-10-08
Publication date: 2009-08-26
Anticipated expiration: 2023-10-08
Also published as: BR0315163A; EA200500622A1; CN1717518A; US20040134152A1; ZA200503652B; PL375844A1; MXPA05003704A; EA006995B1; WO2004033810A2; WO2004033810A3; AU2003284022A1; JP2006502330A; EG24128A; CA2507005A1; CN101269521A; NZ539799A; NO20051702L; EP1554442A2

Abstract

Precast planar construction blocks (10) are cast on-site or received and assembled in free-standing modules. A variety of shapes of spaced apart paired blocks form free-standing modules which apply building load over a large footprint. Biaxial sleeve connectors (100) and threaded rods facilitate connection between blocks. The free-standing modules are connected with other structural elements to form a complete primary structure. The primary structure can then be enclosed using manufactured blocks to establish perimeter walls and roofs.

Description

The method and apparatus that is used for precast and framework building block block construction

Related application

The application relates to the 60/417th, No. 065 U.S. Provisional Patent Application in application on October 8th, 2002, and the priority of this application day is enjoyed in statement.

Background of invention

1. invention field

The present invention relates to a kind of building system, this system comprises the building block of precast structural construction and precast or framed floor, wall and roof building block, produces those building block combinations of element of construction, the invention still further relates to manufacturing, assembling, decomposition and the reconstruct of those building blocks.

2. relate to the description of technology

The various types structure that comprises timber-framed building thing, steel framed building thing and concrete structure is known in the prior art.

Cost is depended in decision-making to most of structure design in conventional practice; Structural engineer to most civil works has applied huge pressure, makes cost minimization, also will bear the primary liability of guaranteeing safety of structure simultaneously.In many buildings, these pressure tend to make construction minimizes.When structure is subjected to rare but during huge load, this trend may be very unfortunate, wherein this load can not reasonably be incorporated in the statistics loading rule of being formulated by building acts.

Therefore, except realizing by means of the safety factor that requires, providing under the big marginal capacity situation, the structure of construction usually is designed to resist the rules and regulations load safely with there is no need.By building the structural capacity that surpasses those requirements significantly to provide,, aspect the functional and versatility of this building structure, produce new chance to bear the minimum load that building acts requires.

The structure design of common construction usually manages to concentrate strength on saving spendable floor space, and relies on secondary lateral support system, as diagonal brace or shear wall, so that this Stability Analysis of Structures.Pass by bar structure power wittingly that making distributes obtains advantage on the wide substrate of supporting surface upper stress minimum.

The tradition construction generally includes or with form work engineering cast-in-site structure inhibition and costliness, perhaps comprises interconnection rod or plate framework, and wherein this interconnection rod or plate framework rely on diagonal angle support or the shear wall that is used for lateral stability.Because many tradition constructions are unstable inherently when the structure of this structure dividing plate and lateral support system is finished, therefore, during the short relatively construction period, and in representing the completed construction thing of service life, to compare, structural failure is more common.

Usually the cross binding and the pillar that need in the tradition construction form the building site obstacle that causes many construction accidents.Because tradition construction generally includes the assembled on site of the parts that can lift and carry by one or two workman, therefore, the construction of exterior wall and roof needs overhead huge labour far away usually; This may cause the danger that falls, and should danger produce the most fatal scene injury.

When the tradition construction utilizes large component, for example adopt the construction of canting wall, the lifting time of consume expensive remains on the appropriate location to those parts usually, and lateral stay and supporting member and connector are installed simultaneously; This just requires to make before discharging hoisting line parts stable.Desirablely be that utilizing does not need interim support and pillar and the system of the independent stabilizing component that the lifting time obtains effectively utilizing is built.

In the situation of concrete structure or concrete bent construction, usually, element of construction or for example with dull and stereotyped or with crossbeam and flat concrete slab cast on-site, for example use the inclined wall structure prefabricated at the scene perhaps for example comes prefabricated at the scene outward with precast concrete plank, tee girder and wall building block.The most significant fabric structure is to build according to unique design, and this unique design is the result of design specialist personnel teamwork; The design of given building is unique usually for engineering.There is the challenge of reality in the design of unique engineering for the design specialist personnel under continuous increase time, budget and responsibility pressure; In addition, also great burden is pressed on one's body the builder, and this builder must annotate and build uniqueness and complex engineering from prove incomplete drawing and manual inevitably.Special wish to introduce such building system, wherein this system makes design have flexibility, simultaneously in design with construct and obviously simplify among both.This can realize by means of the matching block set of tools that expands.

Be used for concrete cast-in-site structure and use the expense and the delay of cast-in-site requirement built on-site fluid concrete template.Desirablely be, such concrete structure unit is provided, wherein this concrete structure unit can be otherwise or pile up under scene or the factory's slave mode or mass-produced.

Inclined wall construction has some advantages in precast wall unit, but has the constructing in advance with the shortcoming as the casting surface of wall building block of concrete slab that the classification of requirement large tracts of land supports.The inclined wall construction also requires to utilize interim the support during assembling process, so that wall is held in place, is fixed on this wall up to other element of construction.Desirablely be, such pre-cast concrete structures unit is provided, wherein do not utilizing under the interim support situation, this pre-cast concrete structures unit can be assembled into various element of construction and refining building.

For example the concrete block of cinder block is usually with relative small blocks setting, and this needs the big mortar assembly of labour intensity to form wall and member.Desirablely be, bigger element of construction is provided, wherein this element of construction can be under not extensive use mortar or adhesive case, and cast-in-site in stacking (stack) perhaps is assembled into structural form miscellaneous together with transported on trucks to the building site.

In case finish traditional construction, the modification of refining building or removal generally include destructive the dismounting.Common way in the tradition construction is to be relatively short building valid expiration date design, and only to destroy the building that those initial constructions owing to age, position or difference arrive their Acceptable lifes.This practice causes annual millions of tons of construction residues to move the soot to.Desirablely be, utilize such system building, wherein this system is made of structure durable but to one's profit, there not being tradition to remove under the waste material and manpower situation in the practice, can easily revise or remove and re-use simultaneously.Desirablely be, adopt such building system, this system can be by a large amount of building blocks that utilize durable construction large-scale recovery and re-use whole building.

The invention provides the unexpected benefit of the big footprint that is used for construction module wittingly.In typical construction, for example the support element of concrete column or girder steel has relatively little footprint, so that the effective floor space maximization of member.In the present invention, use building block and construction module with big footprint.The advantage of this method comprise can be from relative simple plane unit the construction structure framework, wherein the scene be made and be transported in this simple flat surface unit can or effectively in cast on-site under the controlled condition.Many assemblings can be finished on ground.The construction module of assembling with this mode can erect fast and do not have under the interim support situation stable.It is rapid decomposable that this finishes framework, and these parts can re-use simultaneously.Have less per unit area load on base unit, the condition on concrete slab or basis is loosened like this.Some application can be in ground-mounted.Under many circumstances, the space in this construction module can enter and can effectively utilize.

Summary of the invention

Here the method and apparatus that is used for building of Miao Shuing provides the system of such a kind of precast ruggedized construction building block, wherein this building block reproducible and with identical building block combination, with form various element of construction and with change but similar and complementary building block combines, to form basic structure completely.This basic structure can be utilized then and manufacture building block or precast or framework construction and seal, to form perimeter walls and roof.

In various embodiment of the present invention, prefabricated unit can for example be cast in effective controlled environment by stacking and make, and so that a plurality of building units to be provided, and this building unit can be assembled into desirable structure miscellaneous.Can comprise part, support column, the roof truss of wall, wall and the structural frame of finishing by this unit that combination assembling building block forms.These building blocks can be assembled at the construction field (site) fast, and can be supported on the concrete slab, or on predetermined (discreet) basis, and in some cases directly on ground (on grade).By independent building block or building block combination are combined with other building block combinations, can design and assemble multiple multi-form structural frame and building fast.

With simple bolt or interlocking connector, utilize large-scale manufacturing building block to build, thereby the framework that should construct and whole building can also not change or dismounting under the destruction situation.

Description of drawings

Of the present invention these and other objects and advantages will be described below, and by more apparent, wherein with reference to accompanying drawing:

Figure 1A is the elevation of single building block.

The stereogram of building block among Figure 1B Figure 1A.

Fig. 2 A is the phantom drawing of the building block of top lifting.

Fig. 2 B is that the first edge string promotes also the phantom drawing of the building block of assembling on the ground.

Fig. 3 A is the elevation of various block structures.

Fig. 3 B is the sectional view of rectangular beam.

Fig. 3 C is hexagonal cross section view.

Fig. 4 is the elevation of various blocks shape.

Fig. 5 A is the elevation of twin shaft building block splice sleeve.

Fig. 5 B is the phantom drawing of twin shaft building block splice sleeve.

Fig. 6 is the phantom drawing of the part of this building block reinforcing bar.

Fig. 7 shows with twin shaft sleeve pipe location and the phantom drawing that connects.

Fig. 8 A is the detailed perspective view with template part of sleeve pipe receiving element.

Fig. 8 B is the detailed perspective view with template part of sleeve pipe and sleeve pipe receiving element.

Fig. 9 is the elevation that is used for the typical reinforcing bar of building block.

Figure 10 A is the phantom drawing of reinforcing cage step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 B is the phantom drawing of first order nail knot template step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 C is the phantom drawing of first order concrete pouring step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 D is for putting upside down the phantom drawing of template step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 E is the phantom drawing of rank preparation process subsequently in stacking cast program.

Figure 11 is for to be fixed to lip-deep some building block posts with passing the bottom sleeve connector.

Figure 12 is the phantom drawing of a pair of building block of formation " L " shape unit.

Figure 13 A is the phantom drawing of some building blocks of formation naked wall.

Figure 13 B is the phantom drawing of some building blocks of the perimeter walls system of formation arbitrary placement.

Figure 14 is formed with half to reveal the phantom drawing of some building blocks of square column wall.

Figure 15 is for forming the phantom drawing of some building blocks of being with the reinforcing rib wall.

Figure 16 is the phantom drawing of some building blocks of formation square and rectangular box post.

Figure 17 is the phantom drawing of the box column of support steel flooring framework.

Figure 18 is the phantom drawing of the basic structure framework of completion, and wherein box column is supported on roof truss on the discrete cap unit.

Figure 19 is for having the framework of the secondary framework of lightweight section among Figure 18.

Figure 20 A is that cantilever string extension is in partial one deck building block.

Figure 20 B is that cantilever string extension is in partial two-layer building block.

Figure 20 C is that cantilever string extension is in partial three layers of building block.

Figure 20 D shows three layers of building block, and wherein the side direction layout carries the roof that single face tilts, and lower edge omits and is used for walkway simultaneously.

Figure 20 E is two-layer building block, wherein has the abridged lower edge, is used for walkway.

Figure 20 F is three layers of building block, wherein has cantilever string extension and is used for the inclination top chord that the roof building block is supported.

Figure 20 G is one deck building block that has the inclination top chord.

Figure 20 H is one deck building block that has ladder, two inclination top chords.

Figure 20 J is two-layer building block, wherein has to admit the ladder bottom string that falls flooring and be used for the inclination top chord that the roof building block is supported.

Figure 21 A is the triangle building block.

Figure 21 B is used for the wishbone that two adjacent building blocks are linked to be assembly is fixed building block.

Figure 21 C is the roof truss building block with segmentation arc top string.

Figure 21 D is the bowstring purlin formula roof truss building block with reinforcing pull rod.

Figure 21 E is the phantom drawing of corner caps building block.

Figure 21 F is the view of the building block downside shown in Figure 21 E.

Figure 22 A is the decomposition diagram of paired roof truss assembly.

Figure 22 B is asymmetric box column.

Figure 23 A is the framed wall building block with little thickness metal wall framework.

Figure 23 B is the internal view of wall building block shown in Figure 23 A.

Figure 23 C is the external view that shows three kinds of precast walls building block of the cast pattern that imitates stacking stone.

Figure 23 D is the internal view of three kinds of precast walls building block.

Figure 23 E is hinged wall building block.

Figure 24 A is the view of framework in the framed wall building block.

Figure 24 B is the view of the framed wall building block of Figure 24 A of metal skin inside and outside wherein installing.

Figure 25 A is at the phantom drawing that opens wide assembling wall building block on the box column.

Figure 25 B is the detailed view that suspension bracket connects.

Figure 26 A is the vertical view of precast roof building block.

Figure 26 B is the underside view of precast roof building block.

Figure 27 A is the phantom drawing that is used for the steel framework of framework roof building block.

Figure 27 B is the phantom drawing that the framework roof building block of metal sheet is installed.

Figure 27 C is the detailed view of Bolt Connection clip.

Figure 27 D is the underside view of completion roof building block.

Figure 28 is the assembly of roof building block on asymmetric post.

Figure 29 A is two box column assemblies, and wherein this box column is equipped with the trailing arm that supports building block with the carrying flooring of bolt.

Figure 29 B is for supporting three box columns that the wing is arranged of precast floor building block.

Figure 29 C is the vertical view of two precast floor building blocks.

Figure 29 D is the underside view of two precast floor building blocks.

Figure 30 A is the exploded view of three local precast floor building block assemblies.

Figure 30 B is the underside view of precast floor building block assembly.

Figure 31 A is three assemblies that are used to begin the package assembly housing.

Figure 31 B has three assemblies that the floor building block is installed.

Figure 31 C has to add three assemblies that the wall building block is installed on this structure housing to.

Figure 31 D is the completion structure housing with roof building block.

Figure 32 A is six assemblies on concrete slab, wherein has the overhung structure that is used for the construction structure housing.

Figure 32 B has added suspend raised floor building block and paired roof truss assembly.

Figure 32 C installs wall building block, skylight building block, the top of a wall building block and sliding door building block for increasing.

Figure 32 D is for installing the enclosed construction housing of finishing by the roof building block.

Figure 33 A goes into 12 box columns of beginning structure housing assembling on the concrete slab for seat.

Figure 33 B is the detailed view with the trailing arm of bolt.

Figure 33 C is the phantom drawing of the box column assembly of support framework floor building block.

Figure 33 D is that the main framework of bowstring purlin formula roof truss solid cover building block is tied up in carrying.

Figure 33 E is the approaching structure of finishing after the building block of precast wall, metal wall column and metal roof platform are installed.

Figure 34 A is the example of the multilevel hierarchy housing of the concrete slab that has various height, box column, the various box columns that the wing arranged.

Figure 34 B is the multilevel hierarchy housing that has increased lid building block, flooring assembly and hinged wall building block.

Figure 35 A is the box column of pavement on concrete slab, wherein only has simple box column in each end.

Figure 35 B is the corner caps unit and is added to cap unit on the box column of pavement and the interpolation of box column.

Figure 35 C is the interpolation that this package assembly is arrived in wall and the building block of roof, bottom.

Figure 35 D is the last roof that comprises building block of framework roof and the building block of roof, skylight.

Detailed description-the precast of embodiment and framed building building block

The basic building block of one embodiment of the present of invention has been shown among Figure 1A and the 1B.

Figure 1A and Figure 1B are respectively the elevation and the stereogram of single building block.From this of this building system the geometry of basic building block, LadderBlock ^TMDraw its title.This building block 10 is that 5 feet wide, 30 feet high and 6 inches are thick, has two

edge strings

21 and 22 and three vertical openings 41-43 of being limited by crossbeam zone 31-34.In this commentary, this building block is called three layers of building block.In an example, the steel concrete chordwise section of present embodiment is that wide to take advantage of the thick and beam of 6 ＂ regional be that 12 ＂ take advantage of 6 ＂ thick deeply to 6 ＂.Each all adjusts total geometric shape, size, number of openings, cross sectional dimensions and the reinforcing bar of this building block in the practical limit of specialized application.

The design of native system is to be used for allowing identical high-quality building block to duplicate rapidly, can carry out building unit rapid but firm construction to be used as.The control of high-quality construction and assurance can realize easily by the repeating to make of same parts.Building block normally pours into the plane, rises to certain position then.Fig. 2 A is for passing through the phantom drawing that the crane (not shown) passes through the building block 10 of top 34 liftings.Fig. 2 B is that the first edge string 21 lifts then the phantom drawing of the building block 10 of assembling on the ground, and the building block 10a shown in the figure is fixed on the first edge string by edge string 22.

Duplicating of building block can be finished by one of a series of building block being placed on pile up on the top to pour into a mould, and perhaps by means of such formation system, wherein this system can allow dismounting rapidly and template to utilize again.Building block can be on the concrete floor of building in advance cast-in-site, but perhaps their precasts and on platform trailer, be transported to the scene.

The building block geometry

The structure of building block can several modes be revised, thereby the geometry of given building block can be by the needs control of designer according to special purpose.Building block wherein has single stone matter cast rigid connection part for roughly comprising the flat unit of two or more strings at place, string crosspoint.String can or cannot be perpendicular to one another, and they can be as required by the cantilever beyond the shape of other crossbeam chord sealings, so that the extension of basis, ground or roof unit supports to be provided.But the cross section of building block string is joined reinforcing bar in place that is needed by structural analysis also thickening and greater amount.In addition, the cross section of crossbeam chord can be changed into the cross section except rectangle shown in Fig. 3 B.Carrying out stacking cast and stacking transportation necessary is that the unit keeps the plane.If in separable template, pour into a mould, for example, be easily, crossbeam chord cross section is tapered towards this cross-section center line from each side, so that form removal, shown in Fig. 3 C middle cross beam cross section.Shown in Fig. 3 C, the hexagon of Xing Chenging provides new possibility for the support component interlocking at last.Refer again to Figure 1A and 1B, the geometry in exemplary embodiments provides passes three openings erectting building block, wherein has 4 feet horizontal clearance between the parallel chords and have 8 feet down suction between the parallel beams unit.These effective vents are shrunk to 4 inches chamferings 38 in the every nook and cranny, be to be used to provide headroom and the lateral clearance that the people passes opening and need, and wherein the floor framework supports by opening lower crossbeam unit.

Except size variation as mentioned above, as shown in Figure 3A, this figure is the elevation of various block structure 10c-10g, and this base portion building block can change with crossbeam change interval unit in addition by introducing.This crossbeam can be used for making this building block to strengthen, and other Support Level perhaps is provided, and is used for not needing to run through the secondary framework of this building block passage.Fig. 3 A shows building block height, building block width, in the quantity of building block middle cross beam and position and in the variability of this crossbeam or string transverse shape.

This crossbeam chord needn't be vertical.Fig. 4 is the elevation of various blocks shape.For example, building block 12 comprises the interpolation part of inclination diagonal brace 61.Support can be the steel assembly, and this steel component design becomes can be screwed on the casting-in sleeve pipe by bolt, and perhaps they can be the steel concrete pouring pieces with single stone matter of assembly.

Building block 11 shows the utilization to inclination string 23, for example can utilize the construction tilt-wall, to strengthen building block according to high lateral force, perhaps utilizes building block as the horizontal strut member than long span.

Inclination string roof truss 13 can be by forming perhaps pourable one-tenth individual unit to two inclination strings building block 11 and selectable diagonal brace 61 assemblings.

Twin shaft building block splice sleeve

In one embodiment, this designed for blocks becomes to comprise a series of casting-in sleeve pipes with many functions.In this embodiment, the sleeve pipe that illustrates is

＂ diameter steel pipe.Sleeve pipe is excessive wittingly so that fitting allowance to be provided.Pass

The threaded rod connector of ＂ diameter sleeve pipe will be usually at 3/4 ＂ to 1 ＂ diameter range.In the present embodiment, it is that 6 ＂ are 12 ＂ with running through the crossbeam zone that pipe box length runs through chordwise section,

sleeve pipe

101 and 102 centerings, and be 90 degrees to each other spot welding, shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B, to form twin shaft standard splice sleeve 100.

These splice sleeves are to being positioned at the module position of each string unit, as shown in Figure 6, and centering in this reinforcing bar 120 usually.In this building block reinforcing bar, usually also comprise for example be used for fixing the basis, roof unit is fixed or shelf is fixed or other sleeve pipe of for example vertical pipes 103 of flooring element.

In the present embodiment, to shown in 105 and 106, this sleeve pipe is to being asymmetric as splice sleeve among Fig. 7, and can revolve to right side edge string 21 from the left side edge string 22 of building block and turn 90 degrees.The result of this rotation is, will align with its counterpart in the second identical building block at the string sleeve pipe of any assigned altitute, but also will with align at 90 relative degree sleeve pipes of the other string surface of this second identical building block.For example, building block 10i is between building block 10h and the building block 10j with respect to building block 10i rotation 270 degree with respect to this building block 10i Rotate 180 degree.By rotate building block on the plane, anyone can be therefore identical building block interconnection, to form various structures as described below.In other embodiments, this sleeve pipe is to being symmetrical, and is as described below, thereby they can be used for forming the assembly of for example a pair of member or asymmetric post.

Except the interconnection of building block, sleeve pipe can and have many functions in the building block construction during assembled component.In building block construction period, sleeve pipe serves as inner carriage so that reinforcing bar is remained on the appropriate location.Referring to Fig. 8 A and 8B, these accompanying drawings are detailed perspective view of a formation system part in the present embodiment, template 201 comprises sleeve pipe receiving element 120 at its inner surface, and this sleeve pipe receiving element 120 makes sleeve pipe 100 location, and between casting cycle for providing simple method the template bondage together.As described below, template also can comprise the tubular distance piece receiving element, and this sleeve pipe receiving element is used for making Template Location, and the cast of stacking subsequently that is used for building block is duplicated.

Sleeve pipe is also for dismounting with lift the cast building block and provide interface in order to be connected to secondary framework in this assembled component and support that should the pair framework.Sleeve pipe through beam unit provides possibility for anchor bolt is connected to braced structures, for the intermediateness connection of supporting frame and the connection that is used for cap unit or roof trusses.

Two of needs identical, asymmetric block structure separates and the interconnection situation under, shown in Figure 22 A and 22B, the twin shaft splice sleeve is fixed each side of building block at this and is orientated to consistent sleeve pipe height is provided.Do not revolve between the side in for example twin shaft sleeve pipe direction and to turn 90 degrees, but the dual edge string of for example fixing building block 290 in Figure 22 B is as one man placed.

Can utilize the repetition same unit to be embedded on the element of construction that comprises wall building block, box column, paired blocks and framework in this element of construction, the double-shaft assembly splice sleeve makes the designer realize unlimited diversity.Possible structure can comprise and be not limited to following element of construction.As shown in figure 11, single building block can be used as underload post and/or the pilaster that is used for secondary exterior wall framework lateral support.As shown in figure 12, a pair of building block 10a and 10b can connect by 90 degree, to form L ＂ shape unit.As shown in figure 13, by planar making mutual building block Rotate 180 degree, to aim at the assembling sleeve pipe, a series of building block 10m-10p can connect mutually, form naked wall.Shown in Figure 13 B, the combination of building block also can be used to the construction of arbitrary shape circumference load bearing wall.As shown in figure 14, similar assembly also can utilize other building block 10q-10r to be formed with the wall system of half dew square column.As shown in figure 15, a series of building block 10s-10v an angle of 90 degrees degree each other connect mutually, to form the wall system of band reinforcing rib.

As shown in figure 16, rectangle square box column 70 can be built up by building block 10w-10z.The square box column is by building block edge lapping and forming radially, and rectangle is formed by the building block of fixing in pairs between the building block outside.Shown in Figure 22 B, asymmetric building block also can be used to build asymmetric pole unit 290.

Twin shaft cover joint for pipe can omit in other embodiments, and the wherein for example mechanical interlocked connecting mode selected is used for building block is combined into element of construction and complete structure.

Cross section and reinforcing bar design

For certain application, concrete cross section, rebar sizes and pull bar can be selected based on desired design external force by the structural engineer at interval.The power that building block must be designed to resist safely dismounting and carrying capacity, gravity load, shearing force, side loading and be caused by the building block reciprocation with other unit.Native system is that flexibility ratio is provided when being used for to geometry that the design engineer needs in selecting specialized application, cross section and reinforcing bar.

The construction of building block

In the present embodiment, the construction sequence of stacking cast building block is designed to can obtain easily and the quick member of erectting.As mentioned above, thimble assembly can be cut in advance with tack and weld.Referring to Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is the elevation that is used for the typical reinforcing bar of building block, and reinforcing cage 220 utilizes notched bars or iron wire bundling and is bundled into integral body.This is tied up can be the horizontal bundle of standard, and perhaps they also can be as shown in the figure spiral bundles 225.

Figure 10 A-10E shows the stacking casting process.Figure 10 A is the phantom drawing of reinforcing cage step in stacking cast program.Reinforcing bar separates and is held in place by this thimble assembly 100, and this thimble assembly 100 keeps the location by the sleeve pipe receiving element of installing on the die sinking plate 201 120 subsequently.Figure 10 B is the phantom drawing of one-level nail knot template step in stacking cast program.After tying up cage 220 and being positioned at this

template

201 and 202, sleeve pipe receiving element 120, threaded rod 210 runs through sleeve pipe temporarily and template is placed, and nut is tightened on bar simultaneously, so that side template is tied up together.Figure 10 C is the phantom drawing of one-level concrete pouring step in stacking cast program.

For first building block 240 in stacking, this template external member can anchor on casting plate or the surface temporarily.By utilizing plate film or the common bond blocking part that applies on casting surface, stoped bonding between this casting plate concrete and unit.Figure 10 D is for putting upside down the phantom drawing of template step in stacking cast program.After these first building block, 240 cast and initial curing, the template dismounting, the blocking part of bonding applies on the end face of cast building block.Figure 10 E is subsequently the phantom drawing of preparation process in stacking cast program.The formation system of present embodiment is designed to be convenient to the stacking cast, and can comprise and extend fin 208 and separate sleeve pipe receiving element 120, allow template section 201,202 to overturn behind the casting sleeve in first building block 240 pouring into a mould for the first time and separate receiving element " interlock " like this.Make the sleeve pipe receiving element be positioned at appropriate position like this, be used for this sleeve pipe and the reinforcing cage of second building block with reception.Native system allows a plurality of building blocks enterprising windrow buttress cast and as one man duplicating at another top fast and easily.

Framework component

As shown in Figure 1, this LadderBlock ^TMBuilding system draws name from the most basic building block this building external member.This construction system comprises the flat unit that forms the floor height fixed frame, shown in Figure 20 A to 201, and can be the multilayer with a plurality of side direction cells.

Figure 20 A to 201 is the typical shape of planar construction blocks.Figure 20 A shows the simple rectangle building block of for example one deck building block 230, and this building block is included in the top cross-bar 34 that both sides have cantilever extension 50.

Figure 20 B shows the rectangle building block that has from the cantilever extension 50 of middle girder 32 every sides.

Figure 20 C shows the three layers of building block 234 of higher rectangle with cantilever extension 50, and these cantilever extensions usually are used as support member, and is designed to occupy the groove on interlocking floor building block (not shown) downside crossbeam.

Figure 20 D shows stairstepping building block 236, and this building block 236 comprises the first edge string 21, the second edge string 22, mid-chord line 23, in first top cross-bar 36 between this first edge string and this mid-chord line and second top cross-bar 35 between this second edge string and this mid-chord line.Usually, second top cross-bar 35 is used for supporting high roof structure unit.This first top cross-bar 36 is used for supporting low pitched roof.

Figure 20 E shows opening rectangle building block 238, does not wherein have base cross members, and this base cross members is omitted, so that the pedestrian enters not tripping under the dangerous situation.

Figure 20 F shows rectangular element 240, and this rectangular element comprises the inclination cantilever extension 52 from top cross-bar 34.The combination of this top cross-bar 34 and extension 52 is used for supporting the high roof that dangles.

Figure 20 G shows the simple building block that comprises angled top crossbeam 34.Figure 20 h shows has two angled

top crossbeams

35 and 36 and the stairstepping building block 244 of middle girder 23.This top cross-bar structure adapts to roof, the plane building block in the opposing inclined skylight that is used for natural lighting.

Figure 20 1 shows the plane building block 246 that has first side edge string 21, is offset extension 51, top cross-bar extension 52 and middle girder extension 50.The end of these extensions connects by vertical string 24.Sometimes, this skew extension 51 is positioned at this surface, and sometimes is positioned at lower face.Though to brace foundation, skew extension 51 is to be used for crossing the brace foundation edge and to become cantilever load distribution for base cross members 31, wherein this extension top, bottom and concrete slab top have equal height.This first edge string 21 and the second edge string 22 can rely on the concrete slab, this concrete slab thereby this first edge string dangles.In other embodiments, these two edge strings can rely on the discrete bottom.

Figure 21 A shows the fundamental triangle building block 260 with the first edge string 21, top cross-bar 34 and base cross members 31.

Figure 21 B shows the wishbone keeper 280 with first flange 281 and second flange 282.

Figure 21 C shows top chord 304,305,306 with the first edge string 301 and the second edge string 302, base cross members 311 and segmentation and 307 segmentation arc roof truss 300.In this example, this roof truss comprises otch or groove 303, and this otch or groove 303 are usually used for providing the horizontal support face at the roof truss support member.Refer again to Figure 20 F, this first edge string 21 has extension 28, and this extension 28 provides the horizontal support face.

Figure 21 D show have sprung arch top chord 320, steel tie-rod 321, supporting seat 324 and cone key 322 tie up bowstring purlin formula roof truss 319.

Figure 21 E show have

curb girder

401 and 402, box column separates

pit

403 and 404, the phantom drawing of the cap unit 400 of crossbeam 405 and cone key receiving element 406.Figure 21 F shows the view of cap unit 400 downsides.

Figure 21 G shows the angle cap unit 410 that comprises curb girder 401.The end 413 of cap unit is centering above box column usually, thereby meets above the box column of angle in this end 412 and 413.Figure 21 H shows angle cap unit 410 underside views.

Figure 21 I and 21J show the upside and the underside view of another embodiment cap unit 409, this embodiment be characterized as have simple beam 405, amalgamation post pit 404 and the box column pit 420 and the cantilever extension 422 of centering above box column.

Detailed description-element of construction of embodiment

In one embodiment, these structure building blocks for example usually be combined into as shown in figure 16 box column 70 and the element of construction of following other examples of discussing.

Figure 22 A is the decomposition diagram of a pair of roof truss assembly 440, and wherein this roof truss assembly 440 comprises a pair of segmentation arc roof truss 300 by 280 combinations of wishbone keeper.In this example, segmentation arc roof truss keeps strict parallel alignment by this wishbone keeper, thereby they form the element of construction of lateral stability, and wherein this element of construction can be assembled on ground line in advance, and rises to the precalculated position as a whole.In this example, this assembly is assembled by the nipple that passes beam or string unit 308 and for example 281 wishbone keeper flange.Can adopt other connection schemes.

Figure 22 B shows by a pair of stairstepping piece 246, rectangular block 248 and has the asymmetric box column 450 of rectangular block 290 formation that have bolt edge string extension 291,292.This bolt edge string extension cooperates with the edge string extension 28 of stairstepping piece 246, with key and the bolt supporting seat that forms 440 pairs of this roof truss assemblies.Figure 28 illustrates the phantom drawing of this cooperation.

Embodiment will adopt at least two basic methodology of the element of construction of combination, the fabric structure of finishing with formation.The feature of a kind of method shown in Figure 18 and 32B is 70 and 450 a base assemblies for example, and this assembly supports for example 15 or 440 discrete roof building block or assembly.Second method comprises among for example Figure 21 E and

21I

400 and 409 top cover building block, and shown in Figure 33 D and 35B, wherein this building block is across between base assemblies and support thereon, to support a series of roof trusses building blocks that wait tight spacings.

The detailed description of embodiment-wall building block

Figure 23 A shows framework wall building block 460, wherein has little thickness metallic walls framework, inner surface 462 and external surface 461.Metallic walls building block on this building block two sides provides finish surface and is used to support the stress outer panel skin panel stiffness of building block.In emphasizing the maximum design environment that effectively utilizes of material possibility usually, it is non-obvious adopting metal sheet on two sides, industrial building upper wall unit.It is to form the stress outer panel skin plate that the adding of this inside panel has tangible benefit, this plate structurally is redundant, and have enough durabilities, with lifting and the carrying capacity of opposing in this building block, and reaction force is turned back in predetermined (discreet) and the simple connector, thereby make assembling and dismounting easily and rapidly.This feature allows the building large-scale recovery, and does not need the soot, and in the situation of emergency relief refuge, the high quality buildings thing is erect rapidly.Figure 23 B shows the internal view of wall building block shown in Figure 23 A.

Figure 23 C shows the external view of three kinds of precast walls building block 470,471 and 472, and shows the cast pattern of emulation stacking stone.Figure 23 D shows the internal view of same three building blocks.The feature of these building blocks is to comprise for example 473 flange, with the beam element interlocking of this LadderBlock framework.In another embodiment, omitted key interlocking coupling mechanism, alternative is that the bolted flange that runs through the LadderBlock sleeve pipe connects.

Figure 23 E shows hinged wall building block 475.Figure 24 A is the view of the interior framework 465 of framed wall building block 464 another embodiment.This framework comprises usually the bent plate folder 466 with the engagement of box column crossbeam.Figure 24 B shows the framed wall building block of Figure 24 A that inside and outside metal skin is installed.

This wall building block 464 can hang on as on the crossbeam 32 that is somebody's turn to do this LadderBlock248 that opens wide box column 451 parts.Figure 25 B is the detailed view of this suspension bracket coupling mechanism.The building block of heavy precast wall and the framed wall building block that are limited to move upward by roof unit can rely on interlocking to be connected on this polycrystalline substance alone, but the wall building block of not satisfying these standards must be with bolt on this braced structures, to guarantee the resistivity under big wind loads.

The building block of embodiment detailed description-roof

Figure 26 A is the vertical view of precast roof building block 480 and 482.Figure 26 B is the underside view of those identical building blocks, and shows the tapered beam 481 that goes up a slope into crossbeam 484.These crossbeams are used for carrying joist 483 and this LadderBlock assembly crossbeam are supported on the supporting seat 485.In most application, the quality of precast roof building block and interlocking provide enough connections for braced structures, thereby can not need mechanical links.

Figure 27 A is the phantom drawing that is used for the steel sash 492 of framework roof building block 490.These lighter building blocks need Bolt Connection clip 493, with opposing wind buffer brake; These clips that illustrate framework downside from Figure 27 A stretches out.Figure 27 B shows the phantom drawing that metal sheet framework roof building block 490 is installed.As for example 460 framed wall building block, framework roof building block 490 usually comprises the external and internal compositions covering, lifts and carries to allow building block.Figure 27 C is the detailed view of Bolt Connection clip b, and Figure 27 D shows the underside view of completion roof building block 490.

Shown in Figure 22 B, Figure 28 shows the assembly of roof building block 490 on asymmetric post 450.This roof building block utilizes Bolt Connection clip 493 to be installed on the top cross-bar 34 of stairstepping building block 246.

The detailed description of embodiment-floor building block

Figure 29 A shows two box column 70 assemblies that are equipped with the trailing arm 76 of bolt, wherein these trailing arm 76 carrying ground supports building blocks 496, and this building block 496 supporting frame floor building block 494 subsequently.In Figure 33 B, show in detail trailing arm 76 with bolt.

Figure 29 B shows three box columns 74 that the wing is arranged, and each box column 74 comprises a pair of building block 232 and a pair of rectangle building block 10.The wing box column that has that illustrates supports two interlocking internal spans of a precast floor building block 486 and a precast ground end building block 488.Figure 29 C shows the vertical view of these two floor building blocks, and Figure 29 D shows the underside view of same building block.Downside top rail structure in these precast floor building blocks has formed the admittance groove 489 that is used to be supported on the building block 232 semi girder extensions.

Figure 30 A is the exploded view of the precast floor building block assembly of three parts, and wherein this assembly comprises inner building block 500, tamps framework 506 and tamps plate 504.Figure 30 B shows the underside view that is installed in this precast assembly in the stairstepping building block 510.

The detailed description of embodiment-assembly is erect

After finishing cast, building block allows to solidify, and obtains necessary strength up to concrete, lifts and carrying capacity with opposing.Initial lift operation and must destroy the absorption of casting surface under this unit/or bonding force.Removal force can show the maximum overshoot load that building block once was subjected to.Extremely thin and can not destroy this unit and the situation on promoting the building block that sleeve pipe dismantles (shown in Fig. 2 A), can utilize the location-plate (shown in Fig. 2 B) that promotes from several string sleeve pipes simultaneously, finish dismounting.In case this building block and its casting surface unclamp, usually, by utilizing the crane rigging of casting sleeve as suspension centre, casting plate or the cast of stacking below unit are thus lifted to the upright position.During promoting, thin building block can utilize location-plate or them can be connected to mutually in one or more vertical building blocks, still keeps flat simultaneously.

More easily erect by the reinforcement that the building block of mutual connection forms.Owing to promote injured dangerous reduction that stress causes, and element of construction may be stablized independently more, and is not needed interim support.The weight of this exemplary embodiments is about 3500 pounds, and four building block box columns weigh 7 tons, thereby only needs light hoisting gear to promote these unit.

After lifting, this building block or assembly are embedded into its assigned address.Referring to Figure 11, bottom plate connecting on concrete slab 50 can comprise that presetting anchor bolt or drill bit and epoxy resin or cement paste solidifies threaded rod, and these parts pass bottom sleeve 103 and utilize the tensioning with excessive liner or distribution grid nut engaged.By directly being connected to other stable building block, the setting building block that is not assembled into element of construction can utilize the diagonal angle to support and support temporarily, and wherein this diagonal angle supports perpendicular to block surfaces; Before but the preferred job practices of utilizing this system will be included in and promote a plurality of building blocks are assembled into independent stable assembly.When needs they the time, interim support can utilize assembling sleeve pipe and interim anchor to be connected on this concrete slab.Final construction will usually be used vertical building block or via the mutual coupling assembly of auxiliary part 52 cross binding.Utilize liner and nut to finish being coupled to each other of building block, wherein this liner and nut combine with the full-length threaded rod that passes the assembling splice sleeve.For example the pair unit of circummure beam, roof purlin or various frameworks can similarly be connected on the assembling splice sleeve.In the building that comprises the wall of native system, flooring and roof building block, grit and purlin replace with building block, wherein this building block is built at ground line, rise to certain position with light hoisting gear, and by means of interlocking or connect with bolt or interlocking merely and be connected on this structural frame.

Native system is designed to exert all one's strength and is distributed on the relatively large area of element of construction bottom, and admittance is from the power in a plurality of sources on the assembly top, roof trusses and be used to be carried on the rail beam of the bridge crane on the single box column for example, and side by side provide and have the intrinsic lateral stability and the unit of scope slave function possibility flexibly.For example, building block can be carried intermediate floors or industrial shelf, and sealing box column section can hold memory space, Machine Room, rest room, hoist or other building function.

Load bearing capacity

This LadderBlock building system is designed to allow structure economics construction, and wherein this structure can be carried safely more greater than the most conventional building system and is designed to the load that can carry.By building the structural capacity that surpasses those requirements significantly to provide,, aspect the functional and versatility of this building structure, produce new chance to bear the minimum load that building acts requires.The building of this construction can carry the high capacity flooring usually, supports the wall of heavy articulated slab operation, the support of Hoisting System is provided, and is not changing the more top floor structure of carrying under the original structure situation.This deposit structural capacity by the ground line of identical pre-construction building block directly, repeat construction and realize economically.

Construction stability and speed

Although building block can be attached in the various structures, the basic methodology that adopts in this building system is for making being coupled to each other of building block, to form stable structure assembly independently; These assemblies form three-dimensional many sides framework usually.The precast building block normally has the open type framework of rigid connection in the crosspoint, unit.Learn that from the engineering analysis that is used for certain application they are made by for example concrete castable material of structural class, for example pass through steel reinforcing.Precast becomes with the framework designed for blocks can easily connect mutually to form independent stable structure assembly.This just can carry out element of construction constructs, and wherein this element of construction can embed putting in place the i.e. relieving of existing side by side with light hoisting gear, and interim cross binding need be installed before discharging this hoisting rope, is necessary and construct in tilt-wall.This feature can effectively utilize the expensive lifting time very much; Do not stablize at supported intrinsic unstable parts if just do not need to make, this lifting can continue installation component.In case embedding puts in place and anchors to braced structures as required, then the absolute construction base assemblies is used for resisting gravity and side loading, and wherein this assembly has opening but stable and structurally redundant framework.

Construction safety

Independent base assemblies usually is coupled to each other with roof and/or floor construction, and wherein this roof and/or floor construction generally include independently assembly of other stable assembled in advance itself.This independently assembly form the heavy construction building block effectively, wherein this building block can be erect and will be kept stable, and does not need interim the support or pillar, support with diagonal angle that dependence is used for lateral stability or the tradition construction of shear wall opposite.By using large-scale, the independence made by mutual connection precast parts to stablize building block, construction can more promptly and safely be carried out.

By eliminating the needs to cross binding and pillar, the obturator of many construction accidents can be avoided occurring causing in this job site.Because the LadderBlock parts build on ground line, and can be connected into assembly usually mutually on ground line, thereby the lifting work and the danger that falls followed minimize.

If the overburden that stands to collapse and cause is then by building the performance that the structural redundancy that provides can also improve whole building significantly with independently stablizing building block; Redundancy is the progressive and best insurance of always subsiding of opposing building structure.

The distribution of bottom power

Compare with traditional construction technology of the floor space of remaining valid with power is concentrated, native system runs through wide bottom to these power wittingly and distributes, and wherein this bottom makes the stress minimum that acts on the supporting surface.Wide like this by this bottom is built, thus free space own become by the volume of this element of construction sealing, and this structural advantage can provide functional advantage simultaneously.

The reduction that bottom power extensively distributes and base pressure is followed allows the LadderBlock element of construction directly to be supported on usually and strengthens on the concrete slab (slab-on-grade), and wherein similar bearer cap will need special and expensive basis usually.When building uprises, power and the overturning moment bottom this member that it must be resisted bigger wind pressure and produce shearing force.Distribute because this overturning moment is passed wide bottom simultaneously, require the opposing lighter and more cheap construction that the bolt system of power connects can may be needed than other occasions of toppling in LadderBlock element of construction bottom.If this braced structures has enough weight, do not stand seimic load simultaneously, just can not need bolt system.Building the selection of the LadderBlock parts of member, the analysis by that member load approach and relating to bolt is that the decision-making of condition is all according to the Structural Engineering analysis of the needs of certain using integral structure.

The supporting surface that element of construction is strapped in wherein can comprise lower floor's member or strengthen concrete slab.At light-duty (In light-use), not in the high constructure construction, this supporting surface can only comprise the horizontal bedding and padding of the enough supporting capacitys of demonstration and the stability of tight filler or natural soil.

The building block assembly can be used for the function except that being used for the main structural system of building.As shown in figure 17, can utilize building block post, building block to or independent building block between

beam element

75 and 76 support the flooring space or the large scale industry shelf space of intergrades.Vertical shaft in the box column 70 of appropriate size can utilize framework as hoist, as the multistage storage closet of adorning fork lifter or as being used for machinery, air compartment electricity or that pump system.In addition, the building block assembly can provide the structural capacity that needs, not need additional member situation lower support bridge crane, jib crane and other lifting means.

Detailed description-the structural frame of embodiment and housing

Figure 18 shows the sample of the primary structure framework of the completion that utilizes the native system construction.In this example, a plurality of box columns 70 support roof truss 15.For example the extra cell of wall building block and roof building block can be fixed on this structural frame.

Figure 19 shows the framework among Figure 18 before the less important framework of residue being installed and being finished the outer skin of building envelope, the wherein framework of the secondary framework of this framework carrying roof purlin 18 and circummure beam 19 forms.

Figure 31 A illustrates the assembly program of the enclosed construction housing of knowing clearly to 31D.In this example, three assemblies 520 shown in Figure 31 A for example are installed on the stayed surface of tight fill-in pad.Each of these assemblies 520 includes stairstepping building block 244 and two rectangle building blocks 243 and 245.This building block is stable with self-supporting when being in place, and can receive

floor building block

494 and 496 shown in Figure 31 B, the building block shown in Figure 31 C 522,524 and 526 and the

roof building block

528 and 529 shown in Figure 31 D at any time.

In 32D, another example has been shown at Figure 32 A.In this example, six assemblies 450 are installed, concrete slab 540 thereby they dangle partly.Figure 32 B shows suspention raised floor building block 541 before wall and roof building block are installed and paired roof truss assembly 440.Figure 32 C shows wall building block 542 and 543, skylight building block 544, the top of a wall building block 545 and the sliding door building block 546 of installation.Figure 32 D shows by roof building block 550 the enclosed construction housing of finishing is installed.

Figure 33 A shows that to 33E the box column 70 that supports two top frame floor building blocks 494 opens wide the structure housing of industrial building, and shows the gangway-floor building block 495 that receives stairway unit 497.Figure 33 A shows the box column of setting, and Figure 33 B is the detailed view with the trailing arm of bolt, and Figure 33 C shows the box column 70 of support framework floor building block 494.Figure 33 D shows and has the main framework that the solid cover building block 408 of bowstring purlin formula roof truss 319 is tied up in carrying.Figure 33 E shows the approaching structure of finishing after precast wall building block 552, metal pilaster 554 and metal roof platform 558 are installed.

Figure 34 A and 34B show the sandwich construction housing that wing box column 560,562 and 564 combinations are arranged that comprises concrete slab 540, box column 70 and various height.These box columns support

flooring assemblies

486 and 488 and lid building block 409.This box column also supports hinged wall building block 475.

Figure 35 A shows another example of structure housing to 35D.In this example, box column 70 and asymmetric pavement box column 580 are provided.This pavement box column 580 provides walking to enter this box column inside, to allow to utilize this space.This cap unit 400 and corner caps unit 410 are used for supporting for example 319 roof truss.This asymmetric box column 580 is supported on the concrete

roof building block

480 and 482 that low roof provides incombustible construction.The roof comprises framework roof building block 490 and roof, skylight building block 499 on shown in Figure 35 D.

Claims

1. one kind is used for the plane precast building block (10) of load transfer to the stayed surface, and this building block (10) comprising:

Basically the first edge string (21) of Shu Liing and with the isolated second edge string (22) of this first edge string (21), each edge string (21,22) comprising: the first end that has the bottom surface, thereby this bottom surface is delivered to this stayed surface to load from this edge string, the second end, first surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface, second surface in the plane identical with this another edge string second surface, at least one surface that deviates from this another edge string, and towards at least one surface of this another edge string;

Top braces crossbeam (34) between this first edge string (21) the second end and second edge string (22) the second end, thus this top braces crossbeam (34) can be load transfer on this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22);

At least one crossbeam (31), thus this crossbeam (31) is connected to the part of this first edge string (21) on the second edge string (22); And

At least one twin shaft that becomes one with this first edge string (21) overlaps joint for pipe (100), thereby second building block (10) can be attached on this first edge string (21).

2. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein: this crossbeam is included in the base cross members (31) between the first end of this first edge string (21) first end and the second edge string (22), thus this base cross members (31) have with the bottom surface same level of this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22) on the surface.

3. building block according to claim 2 (10) also comprises:

At least one semi girder extension (50) of this base cross members (31), thus this base cross members (31) is extended through an edge string.

4. building block according to claim 2 (10) also comprises:

Be positioned at second crossbeam (32) between this base cross members (31) and this top braces crossbeam (34); And

Be positioned at the mid-chord line (23) of the perpendicular between this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22), thereby this mid-chord line (23) is connected to the part of this second crossbeam (32) on the part of this base cross members (31).

5. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein

This stayed surface is selected from the group that comprises concrete slab basis, pier, a plurality of pier, base, a plurality of base, building block, element of construction and ground panel surface.

6. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein:

This top braces crossbeam (34) has at least one semi girder extension (50), thereby this top braces crossbeam (34) extends through an edge string.

7. building block according to claim 1 (10) also comprises:

Be positioned at least two intermediate transverse girders (32,33) between first and second ends of this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22), thereby each intermediate transverse girder (32,33) is connected to the part of this first edge string (21) on the second edge string (22).

8. building block according to claim 7 (10), wherein:

At least one intermediate transverse girder (32) has at least one semi girder extension (50), thereby this intermediate transverse girder (32) extends through an edge string.

9. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein:

This second edge string (22) is parallel to this first edge string (21); And

This top braces beam vertical is in this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22), thereby this building block (10) becomes the rectangle building block.

10. building block according to claim 1 (10) also comprises:

First twin shaft cover joint for pipe on this first edge string (21); And

Second twin shaft cover joint for pipe on this second edge string (22).

11. according to the building block (10) of claim 10, wherein:

This second twin shaft cover joint for pipe is orientated with respect to this first twin shaft cover joint for pipe asymmetricly.

12. according to the building block (10) of claim 10, wherein:

This second twin shaft cover joint for pipe is orientated symmetrically with respect to this first twin shaft cover joint for pipe.

13. building block according to claim 1 (10) also comprises:

From the outside cantilever extension at least one plane on edge string the 3rd surface.

14. building block according to claim 13 (10), wherein:

This extension departs from this stayed surface.

15. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein:

This first edge string (21) comprising:

First outer fringe surface that deviates from the second edge string, and

Second outer fringe surface towards the second edge string.

16. building block according to claim 1 (10), wherein:

This first edge string (21) comprises the extension of crossing this top braces crossbeam (34).

17. building block according to claim 1 (10) also comprises:

Be positioned at least one inclined strut between this first edge string (21) and the second edge string (22).

18. one kind is used for the precast building block of load transfer to the stayed surface, this building block comprises:

Basically the first edge string (301) of Shu Liing and with the isolated second edge string (302) of this first edge string (301), each edge string comprises: first end, thereby wherein this first end have this bottom surface, bottom surface load from described edge string be delivered to described stayed surface, the second end, in the plane identical with another edge string first surface first surface, in the plane identical with another edge string second surface second surface, deviate from least one surface of another edge string and towards at least one surface of another edge string;

The mid-chord line of the perpendicular between this first edge string and the second edge string; This mid-chord line comprises: first end, thereby wherein this first end this bottom surface of having a bottom surface load from this mid-chord line be delivered to this stayed surface, the second end, with this first and second edges string first surface same level in first surface;

The first top braces crossbeam between the second end of the second end of this first edge string and this mid-chord line, thus this top braces crossbeam can be load transfer to this first edge string and this mid-chord line;

The second top braces crossbeam between the second end of the second end of this second edge string and mid-chord line, thus this top braces crossbeam can be load transfer on this second edge string and mid-chord line;

First crossbeam, thus this first crossbeam is connected to the part of this first edge string on this mid-chord line; And,

With this first edge string (301) thus second building block that becomes one can be attached at least one twin shaft cover joint for pipe (100) on this first edge string (301).

19. building block according to claim 18, this first crossbeam is included in the base cross members between the first end of this first edge string first end and the second edge string, thereby this base cross members have with the bottom surface same level of this first edge string and the second edge string on the surface, and comprise: at least one semi girder extension of this base cross members, thus this base cross members is extended through the edge string.

20. building block according to claim 18, wherein:

This first top braces crossbeam has the semi girder extension, thereby this first top braces crossbeam extends through this first edge string (301).

21. building block according to claim 18, wherein:

This second top braces crossbeam has the semi girder extension, thereby this second top braces crossbeam extends through this second edge string (302).

22. building block according to claim 18 also comprises:

Second twin shaft cover joint for pipe on this second edge string (302).

23. building block according to claim 18 also comprises:

24. building block according to claim 23, wherein:

This extension departs from a stayed surface.

25. the precast building block of a connection is right, this building block is to comprising:

The first plane precast building block (10a) and the second plane precast building block (10b), each building block comprises:

Basically the first edge string of Shu Liing and with the isolated second edge string of this first edge string, each edge string comprises:

First surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface,

Second surface in the plane identical with another edge string second surface,

Perpendicular to this first surface and second surface and deviate from the 3rd surface of another edge string, and

At least one surface towards another edge string;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string; And

At least one twin shaft that becomes one with this first edge string overlaps joint for pipe, thereby one second building block can be attached on this first edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of first beam of this first building block is attached on the first surface of second beam of this second building block, and is right to form L shaped building block.

26. the precast building block of connection according to claim 25 is right, wherein said these building block utilizations are passed the sleeve pipe of twin shaft cover joint for pipe and the thread connector placed and attached.

27. the precast building block of connection according to claim 25 is right, also comprises:

The 3rd plane precast building block, this building block comprises:

With the first surface same level of another edge string in first surface,

With the second surface same level of another edge string in second surface,

At least one surface towards another edge string;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the second surface of second beam of this first building block is attached on the 3rd surface of first beam of the 3rd building block, forms the wall section of band reinforcing rib thus.

28. the precast building block of connection according to claim 25 is right, also comprises:

The 3rd plane precast building block, this building block comprises:

With the first surface same level of another edge string in first surface,

With the second surface same level of another edge string in second surface,

At least one surface towards another edge string;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of first beam of this second building block is attached on the first surface of second beam of the 3rd building block, to form unlimited box column.

29. the precast building block of connection according to claim 28 is right, also comprises:

Siping City's face precast building block, this building block comprises:

First surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface,

Second surface in the plane identical with another edge string second surface,

At least one surface towards another edge string;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of first beam of the 3rd building block is attached on the first surface of second beam of the 4th building block, and the 3rd surface of first beam of the 4th building block is attached on the first surface of second beam of this first building block, to form square box column.

30. the precast building block of a connection is right, this comprises building block:

The first plane precast building block and the second plane precast building block, each building block comprises:

First surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface, second surface in the plane identical with another edge string second surface, perpendicular to this first surface and second surface and deviate from the 3rd surface of another edge string, at least one surface towards another edge string, and at least one twin shaft cover joint for pipe, second building block can be attached on this edge string thereby this twin shaft cover joint for pipe and the first edge string become one;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of first beam of this first building block is attached to twin shaft cover joint for pipe on the 3rd surface of first beam of this second building block, and is right to form the plane building block.

31. the precast building block of connection according to claim 30 is right, also comprises:

The 3rd plane precast building block, this building block comprises

Basically the first edge string of Shu Liing and with the isolated second edge string of this first edge string, each edge string comprises: the first surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface, second surface in the plane identical with another edge string second surface, perpendicular to this first surface and second surface and deviate from the 3rd surface of another edge string, towards at least one surface of another edge string, and at least one twin shaft cover joint for pipe that becomes one with the first edge string;

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of second beam of first building block is attached to twin shaft cover joint for pipe on the 3rd surface of second beam of the 3rd building block, forms the naked wall section thus.

32. the precast building block of connection according to claim 31 is right, also comprises:

Siping City's face precast building block, this building block comprises:

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby the 3rd surface of first beam of the 4th building block is attached to twin shaft cover joint for pipe on the first surface of first beam of this first building block, is formed with the half wall section that reveals square column thus.

33. the precast building block of connection according to claim 31 is right, also comprises:

A plurality of other building blocks, each building block comprises:

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string;

Thereby this first building block, second building block, the 3rd building block and a plurality of other building block each all be connected at least one other building block with twin shaft cover joint for pipe, form general perimeter walls thus.

34. an asymmetric assembly comprises:

First surface in the plane identical with another edge string first surface,

Second surface in the plane identical with another edge string second surface,

Towards at least one surface of another edge string,

The mid-chord line of the perpendicular between this first edge string and this second edge string, at least two beams between this first edge string and this mid-chord line, and

At least two beams between this second edge string and this mid-chord line,

Be used to connect first twin shaft cover joint for pipe of the first edge string of the first edge string of this first building block and this second building block; And

Be used to connect second twin shaft cover joint for pipe of the first edge string of the first edge string of this first building block and this second building block.

35. an asymmetric component truss comprises:

Roof beam,

Bottom beam, and a plurality of strings between this roof beam and this bottom beam; And

Be used to connect a plurality of twin shafts cover joint for pipe of the string of the string of this first building block and this second building block.

36. a building frame comprises:

A plurality of independent stable structure assemblies, each element of construction comprises: with one the second isolated first plane precast building block of plane precast building block, each building block comprises: the first edge string of Shu Liing, and the isolated second edge string of this first edge string, at least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string basically; This first building block is connected at least one structural element in second building block;

And, with this first edge string being used for of becoming one each element of construction is connected to a plurality of twin shafts cover joint for pipe at least one other element of construction;

Wherein the structural element of at least one element of construction is the 3rd building block, thereby the 3rd building block is attached to this first building block and second building block in vertical direction, forms the box column that opens wide sidepiece thus.

37. according to the building frame of claim 36, wherein:

At least one element of construction also comprises the 4th building block, thereby the 3rd building block and the 4th building block are attached to this first building block and second building block in vertical direction, form box column thus.

38. building frame according to claim 36, wherein:

At least one element of construction comprises first building block, and this first building block is crooked with respect to second building block.

39. building frame according to claim 36 comprises:

A plurality of element of construction, these a plurality of element of construction are installed on this stayed surface around the central point on the stayed surface diametrically at least partly, and wherein each element of construction comprises:

With the isolated first plane precast building block of the second plane precast building block, each building block comprises:

Basically the first edge string of Shu Liing,

With the isolated second edge string of this first edge string,

At least two beams between this first edge string and the second edge string,

This first building block is connected to first structural element in second building block, and

This first building block is connected to second structural element in this second building block; Thereby this first structural element is than the more close central point on this stayed surface of this second structural element, and this first structural element is narrower than this second structural element.

40. building frame according to claim 36 also comprises:

A plurality of wall building blocks, these a plurality of wall building blocks are supported by at least a portion assembly.

41. the building frame according to claim 40 also comprises:

A plurality of floors building block by the support of at least a portion assembly.

42. according to the described building frame of claim 40, wherein:

At least two assemblies are the box column that the wing is arranged of support floor building block.

43., also comprise according to the described building frame of claim 42:

A plurality of roof supported members, these a plurality of roof supported members support by at least a portion assembly; And

By a plurality of roofs building block of roof supported member supports at least.