CN100526506C - Composite material of metal / ceramic metal, manufacturing method and application - Google Patents
Composite material of metal / ceramic metal, manufacturing method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN100526506C CN100526506C CNB2006100533482A CN200610053348A CN100526506C CN 100526506 C CN100526506 C CN 100526506C CN B2006100533482 A CNB2006100533482 A CN B2006100533482A CN 200610053348 A CN200610053348 A CN 200610053348A CN 100526506 C CN100526506 C CN 100526506C
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Abstract
This invention discloses a method for producing metal/metal ceramic composite, and its application. The composite is produced by compositing metal ceramic onto low alloy steel matrix. The metal ceramic is metal-matrix TiC, which comprises binding phase metal and hard granular TiC dispersed in binding phase metal. The low alloy steel matrix and the metal ceramic are metallurgically composited, and a diffusion/dissolution zone exists at the interface of the binding phase metal and the low alloy steel. A gradient transition layer of hard granular phase exists in the diffusion/dissolution zone. The binding phase metal is selected from Fe, Co and Ni. The TiC is prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis of Ti and C during casting of the low alloy steel. The self-propagating high temperature synthesis system comprises: binding phase metal 35-45 wt. %, Ti 44-52 wt. %, and C 11-13 wt. %. The metallurgical composition of the metal ceramic and the matrix has high strength. Therefore, the composite has good wear resistance and good impact resistance, thus is suitable for producing relieving of excavator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cermet material field, particularly wear-proof metal ceramic material field is specially a kind of metal/metal ceramic composite and manufacture method and application.
Background technology
The heterogeneous composite material that cermet material is made up of one or more ceramic phases and metal or alloy.Can be divided into heat resistant type by performance and purposes, wear-resistant type and corrosion resistant type etc.As the typically used of heat-resistant antifriction type is exactly to be the Wimet of wild phase with WC (wolfram varbide) and TiC (titanium carbide), cutlery with this material manufacturing has good red hardness and wear resistance, production efficiency is considerably beyond the alloy tool steel of the best, wearing piece with this material manufacturing has high wear resistance, substantially exceeds high mangaenese steel, rich chromium cast iron, low-alloy wear-resistant steel etc.But the manufacturing process of existing sintered carbide tool bit and wearing piece all is the way with soldering to be welded in hard alloy blocks on cutting edge and the base material wear-resistant surface, and hard alloy blocks then is to make with traditional powder metallurgy process.Teeth with this technology manufacturing at home and abroad all occurred, and had complex process, the cost height, and welding strength is not enough, can not withstand shocks, and the problem that hard alloy blocks comes off easily in the use fails to apply.
In casting field, also has a kind of method that obtains wear-resistant coating with infiltration casting technique.Earlier hard particles such as WC or TiC are become the prefabricated section of definite shape with adhesive bond, oven dry is positioned over a certain position of casting mold, burns the molten metal of annotating and infiltrates under high temperature action in the prefabricated section, and after molten metal cooled off, prefabricated section just was attached on the foundry goods.Wettability is poor between hard particles and the base material, and the thickness of wear-resistant coating is very limited, generally can only be below the compound 3mm, and also exist inevitably on the interface and pollute, bonding strength is low.The binding agent that exists in the prefabricated section is at high temperature got angry, and can not effectively discharge, and produces pore in prefabricated section and on prefabricated section and the foundry goods substrate interface, has further slackened bonding strength.Even therefore can not bear the wearing and tearing under the small energy impact condition, be difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is metal/metal ceramic composite and the manufacture method thereof that a kind of bonding strength height, difficult drop-off are provided at the prior art present situation, and the application of this metal/metal ceramic composite.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: metal/metal ceramic composite of the present invention, be that composite cermet forms on the low alloy steel base material, it is characterized in that described sintering metal is the metal matrix titanium carbide, it comprises bonding phase metal and is dispersed in hard particles phase titanium carbide in the metal mutually of boning; Be metallurgical binding between described low alloy steel and the sintering metal, exist between the bonding phase metal at bonding interface place and the described low alloy steel and spread the district of dissolving each other, have the gradient transitional lay of hard particles phase in diffusion is dissolved each other and distinguished; Described bonding phase metal is selected from nickel, cobalt, the iron at least a, and described titanium carbide is generated by the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions that titanium in the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and carbon are caused when casting described low alloy steel; It consists of described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system by percentage to the quality:
Bonding phase metal 35～45%
Titanium Ti 44～52%
Carbon C 11～13%.
Described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains toughness reinforcing composition molybdenum Mo, this toughness reinforcing composition molybdenum Mo allocates described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system into ferro-molybdenum, its content is converted to 55MoFe, and add-on is 5～10% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.The adding of toughness reinforcing composition molybdenum Mo helps increasing the toughness of wear-proof metal ceramic, eliminates inner pore.
Described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains the composition RE of purification and crystal grain thinning, the composition RE of this purification crystal grain thinning allocates described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system into rare earth ferrosilicon alloy, its content is converted to 30RESiFe, and add-on is 2～3% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.
Described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains and is useful on the composition copper Cu that increases sintering character, and the add-on of copper Cu is 1～3% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.
Nickel in the described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system is nickel metal or nickel-based self-fluxing alloy.
Described nickel-based self-fluxing alloy is Ni50, Ni55, Ni60 and/or Ni62.
Described diffusion dissolve each other the district thickness be 0.3～0.45mm.
The thickness of described sintering metal part is 3～20mm.
The present invention makes the method for metal/metal ceramic composite, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, form by described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section: with above-mentioned raw material powder dried be mixed even after, add the binding agent of powder gross weight 0.5～1.0%, continue to mix, put into then mould inner pressure real to relative density be 60～70% moulding, the demoulding promptly gets prefabricated section after taking out; Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 250～350 ℃;
C, casting: prefabricated section is positioned in the casting mold die cavity as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, the teeming temperature of molten steel is more than 1560 ℃, preferable teeming temperature is 1560 ℃～1600 ℃, high-temperature molten steel is lighted prefabricated section, cause the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, reaction is finished automatically, promptly obtains the metal/metal ceramic composite after unpacking.
The present invention makes the method for metal/metal ceramic composite after described casting is finished, and also the material that casting is finished has carried out sintering and strengthened thermal treatment, and concrete steps are:
The material that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 1.5～3 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 3～5 hours.
The material that casting is finished has carried out sintering and has been with the heat treated reason of reinforcement: there is micro-pore in the inside that the metal/metal pottery of casting gained meets the sintering metal part of material, the TiC particle alignment is inhomogeneous, macrohardness is on the low side, carry out sintering densification to a certain degree and strengthen thermal treatment, can effectively address these problems.
Described binding agent is a soya-bean oil.
The application of described metal/metal ceramic composite is characterized in that being used to make the teeth of excavator, and the main body of teeth is described low alloy steel, and the crown of teeth then is described sintering metal.
Technical conceive of the present invention is:
Utilize the high temperature of casting molten steel self to light the prefabricated section that self propagating high temperature building-up reactions (Self-propagationHigh-temperature Synthesis, abbreviation SHS) can take place, synthetic predetermined metal/metal combined ceramic products.To make excavator shovel tooth is example, and base material is promptly cast molten steel and selected obdurability low-alloy cast steel preferably.Such teeth has high wear resistance, and good obdurability is arranged again, is a kind of novel teeth that has market potential.
To select nickel is example to make excavator shovel tooth and bonding phase metal, and wherein the effect of Ti and C is synthetic TiC hard particles, and Ni to be bonding as the TiC hard particles play sintering and strengthening effect mutually.The combustion wave temperature height of the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions of this system, the combustion wave forward position can reach 1900 ℃ high temperature, and the impurity in the prefabricated section can vapor away in the process of building-up reactions.The synthetic hard is the TiC particle mutually, more than the Wei Shi hardness HV3000, has high wear resistance.Again since Ni and Fe can dissolve each other fully, on the interface of prefabricated section and molten steel, under the dual heat effect of a large amount of heat of emitting by SHS and the heat of high-temperature molten steel, be in bonding phase Ni under the molten state and molten steel Fe and rapid diffusion takes place and dissolve each other, synthetic TiC particle solidifies the sintering metal crown that the back prefabricated section changes TiC/Ni (nickel base titanium carbide) into to base material molten steel internal diffusion, with the interface of base material be metallurgical binding, the intensity height, even bear certain impact, crown can not come off yet.TiC particle and the bonding wetting angle between the nickel mutually are 0, i.e. complete wetting, and the TiC particle can not peel off in the wear process.
The building-up reactions that NiTi carbon (Ni-Ti-C) self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system takes place can be illustrated as:
Ti+Ni＝TiNi
TiNi+C＝TiC+Ni
Wherein, though Ni has participated in the building-up reactions of TiC, final only as binding agent or thinner, can the content of Ni decision reaction be carried out and synthetic TiC particulate size in the system, mass percent can not be carried out greater than 65% reaction, is difficult to light less than 10% system.But carry out and synthesize the sintering metal performance perspective and consider that the mass percent of nickel is advisable to choose 35～45% from successful reaction.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the casting of material and ceramic-metallic synthesizing finish synchronously.Do not need synthetic in advance Wimet or cermet particles, used starting material are relatively cheap Ti powder, C (graphite) powder and the metal powder mutually that bonds, and soldering Wimet and infiltration casting technique all must provide expensive hard alloy blocks of synthetic and hard ceramic particles in advance, therefore operation is simple, and manufacturing cost and material cost are low.
2, the bonding interface of sintering metal and base material is a metallurgical binding, exist between the bonding phase metal at bonding interface place and the low alloy steel and spread the district of dissolving each other, diffusion is dissolved each other and is distinguished macroscopic view visible (referring to photo in kind shown in Figure 6), its thickness can reach more than the 0.3mm, and the TiC hard particles has transition layer to base material, both bonding strength height, difficult drop-off.And no matter be soldering Wimet or casting impregnation coating, bonding strength is very low, comes off easily.
3, have certain toughness through the sintering metal after sintering densification and the reinforcement thermal treatment, can bear the impact of certain energy, can be used for having suitable ballistic operating mode, as teeth.And soldering Wimet and casting impregnation coating enbrittle and soldering strength is not high, can not withstand shocks, and only are adapted to the skimming wear operating mode.
4, the thickness of cermet coating can reach more than the 10mm, and on the SHS principle, this thickness is only relevant with prefabricated section thickness, is not subjected to process technology limit, therefore can be made significantly thicker.The soldering Wimet is limited by the size of hard alloy blocks, and general thickness is below 10mm, and casting is oozed wear-resistant coating thickness and had only 3mm.So material of the present invention is used to make teeth, its longer service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation technology's flow process of metal/metal ceramic composite;
Fig. 2 is the sintering and the thermal treatment process of metal/metal ceramic composite;
Fig. 3 is the low power metallographic structure figure of embodiment teeth crown part;
Fig. 4 is the metallograph at the bonding interface place between embodiment teeth sintering metal crown and the base material low alloy steel;
Fig. 5 is embodiment teeth bonding interface both sides hardness distributions;
Fig. 6 is the metallograph in kind of embodiment teeth crown part.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment one
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and it consists of the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use by percentage to the quality:
Nickel 42%
Titanium Ti 46%
Graphite C 12%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 7.5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, cause the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, reaction is finished automatically, promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni (referring to photo in kind shown in Figure 6), and the thickness of TiC/Ni cermet coating has reached more than the 10mm.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
By the teeth that above-mentioned technology is made, the low power metallographic structure of crown part as shown in Figure 3.The TiC hard particles is the original position synthetic, is clean with bond matrix interface mutually, and does not have annular fragility phase, the bonding strength height of TiC particle and matrix Ni.
Bonding interface between TiC/Ni sintering metal crown and the base material low alloy steel as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 clearly illustrates, diffusion has taken place each other for low-alloy molten steel and the ceramic-metallic bonding of TiC/Ni Ni mutually, and the TiC particle permeates to molten steel, has formed gradient transitional lay, and the combination at interface belongs to metallurgical binding, the boundary strength height.Measure under low power, transition region thickness is about 0.3～0.45mm.
Along cutting crown open, record both sides, interface Hardness Distribution such as Fig. 5 with wire cutting method perpendicular to the interface direction.
Hardness presents growth back downward trend earlier by base material to the TiC/Ni cermet coating, increase the bright molten steel of segment table and carried out abundant diffusion to cermet coating, the density of cermet coating increases, arrive the highest after, the molten steel diffusion weakens, the cermet coating density descends, and enters tectorium at last.Total tight zone is about 10mm.Maximum hardness reaches 65HRC.
With the impact specimen of wire cutting method, record impact toughness a from TiC/Ni cermet coating intercepting 10mm * 10mm * 55mm
k=7J/cm
2, be higher than the WC Wimet.
This shows, present embodiment combines ceramic-metallic excellent wear with the obdurability of base material, prepared crown and be the TiC/Ni sintering metal and base material be low alloy steel teeth, the characteristics that have high-wearing feature and withstand shocks are a kind of up-and-coming product innovations.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition nickel, titanium Ti, carbon C, and ancillary component molybdenum Mo.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Nickel 35%
Graphite C 13%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 66HRC, impact toughness a
k=5.5J/cm
2
Embodiment three
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition nickel, titanium Ti, carbon C, reaches ancillary component molybdenum Mo, RE, Cu.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Nickel 45%
Titanium Ti 44%
Graphite C 11%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 7.5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component RE adds with the 30RESiFe form, and add-on is 2% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component Cu adds with the copper powder form, and add-on is 1% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 63HRC, impact toughness a
k=7.5J/cm
2
Embodiment four
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition nickel, titanium Ti, carbon C, and ancillary component molybdenum Mo, RE.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Titanium Ti 48%
Graphite C 12%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 6% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component RE adds with the 30RESiFe form, and add-on is 2% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 65.5HRC, impact toughness a
k=6.5J/cm
2
Embodiment five
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition iron Fe, titanium Ti, carbon C, reaches ancillary component molybdenum Mo, RE, Cu.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Graphite C 11%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 10% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component RE adds with the 30RESiFe form, and add-on is 3% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component Cu adds with the copper powder form, and add-on is 2% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 64HRC, impact toughness a
k=5J/cm
2
Embodiment six
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition iron Fe, nickel, titanium Ti, carbon C, reaches ancillary component molybdenum Mo, RE, Cu.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Iron Fe 25%
Nickel 15%
Titanium Ti 48%
Graphite C 12%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 8.5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component RE adds with the 30RESiFe form, and add-on is 2.5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component Cu adds with the copper powder form, and add-on is 3% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 62HRC, impact toughness a
k=6J/cm
2
Embodiment seven
Present embodiment is a kind of teeth of excavator, and the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system of selecting for use contains main body composition iron Fe, cobalt Co, nickel, titanium Ti, carbon C, reaches ancillary component molybdenum Mo, RE, Cu.
It consists of the main body composition by percentage to the quality:
Iron Fe 15%
Cobalt Co 5%
Titanium Ti 48%
Graphite C 12%.
Ancillary component molybdenum Mo adds with the 55MoFe form, and add-on is 5% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component RE adds with the 30RESiFe form, and add-on is 2% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Ancillary component Cu adds with the copper powder form, and add-on is 2% of Ni, Ti, a C gross weight.
Concrete manufacturing processed is:
A, form by above-mentioned self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section.With the above-mentioned raw materials powder dried be mixed even after, the soya-bean oil that adds powder gross weight 0.5～1.0% again is as binding agent, continue to mix, getting predetermined weight adds in the metal die, metal die is pressed the shape and size manufacturing of teeth crown in advance, be densified to relative density 60～70% with pressing machine after the pre-tamping, the demoulding is prefabricated section after taking out.Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 300 ℃;
The casting of c, teeth.Prefabricated section is positioned over die cavity crown position as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, high-temperature molten steel is lighted the original preform piece, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, and reaction is finished automatically, and promptly obtaining crown after unpacking is the ceramic-metallic teeth of TiC/Ni.
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment.The teeth that casting is good takes out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 4 hours.
The maximum hardness of cermet coating reaches 61HRC, impact toughness a
k=7J/cm
2
Claims (9)
1, a kind of metal/metal ceramic composite, it is that composite cermet forms on the low alloy steel base material, it is characterized in that described sintering metal is the metal matrix titanium carbide, it comprises bonding phase metal and is dispersed in hard particles phase titanium carbide in the metal mutually of boning; Be metallurgical binding between described low alloy steel and the sintering metal, exist between the bonding phase metal at bonding interface place and the described low alloy steel and spread the district of dissolving each other, have the gradient transitional lay of hard particles phase in diffusion is dissolved each other and distinguished; Described bonding phase metal is a nickel-based self-fluxing alloy, and described titanium carbide is generated by the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions that titanium in the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and carbon are caused when casting described low alloy steel; It consists of described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system by percentage to the quality:
Nickel-based self-fluxing alloy 35～45%
Titanium Ti 44～52%
Carbon C 11～13%.
2, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains toughness reinforcing composition molybdenum Mo, this toughness reinforcing composition molybdenum Mo allocates described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system into ferro-molybdenum, its content is converted to 55MoFe, and add-on is 5～10% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.
3, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains the composition RE that purifies crystal grain thinning, the composition RE of this purification crystal grain thinning allocates described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system into rare earth ferrosilicon alloy, its content is converted to 30RESiFe, and add-on is 2～3% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.
4, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system also contains is useful on the composition copper Cu that increases sintering character, and the add-on of copper Cu is 1～3% of described bonding phase metal, titanium Ti, a carbon C gross weight.
5, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1 is characterized in that described nickel-based self-fluxing alloy is Ni50, Ni55, Ni60 and/or Ni62.
6, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described diffusion dissolve each other the district thickness be 0.3～0.45mm.
7, metal/metal ceramic composite according to claim 1 is characterized in that the thickness of described sintering metal part is 3～20mm.
8, a kind of method of making metal/metal ceramic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, form by described self propagating high temperature building-up reactions system and to prepare starting material, all raw material is all selected the following powder of-100 orders for use;
The preparation of b, prefabricated section: with above-mentioned raw material powder dried be mixed even after, add the binding agent of powder gross weight 0.5～1.0%, continue to mix, put into then mould inner pressure real to relative density be 60～70% moulding, the demoulding promptly gets prefabricated section after taking out; Then prefabricated section was dried 20～24 hours at 250～350 ℃;
C, casting: prefabricated section is positioned in the casting mold die cavity as fuse, cast low-alloy molten steel after the mould assembling, the teeming temperature of molten steel is that high-temperature molten steel is lighted prefabricated section more than 1560 ℃, causes the self propagating high temperature building-up reactions, reaction is finished automatically;
D, sintering and reinforcement thermal treatment: will cast good material 1000～1050 ℃ of sintering 3～5 hours, and take out air cooling, again through 900～920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 1.5～3 hours, at last in 200～250 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours.
9, manufacture method according to claim 8 is characterized in that described binding agent is a soya-bean oil.
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