CN1005157B - High toughness mould steel - Google Patents
High toughness mould steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1005157B CN1005157B CN87102018.1A CN87102018A CN1005157B CN 1005157 B CN1005157 B CN 1005157B CN 87102018 A CN87102018 A CN 87102018A CN 1005157 B CN1005157 B CN 1005157B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high-toughness die steel (code name is Gm1 and Gm2) which has good combination property, high toughness, high hardness, high abrasion resistance and good high temperature-resistance property. The chemical compositions of Gm1 steel are: 0.58 to 0.68 wt% of C, 7.5 to 9 wt % of W, 4.2 to 4.8 wt % of Cr, 0.8 to 1.2 wt % of V, and 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of Ti; the chemical compositions of the GM2 steel are: 0.62 to 0.72 wt % of C, 1.6 to 2.3 wt % of W, 4.5 to 5.2 wt % of Cr, 1.0 to 4 wt % of V, 2.8 to 3.4 wt % of Mo, 0.05 to 0.35 wt % of Ti, and 0.8 to 0.35 wt % of Si.
Description
The present invention is a high strength toughness mould steel.Its principal character is that over-all properties is good, and obdurability is seen work, and competency is held concurrently excellent, the wear resistance height, and high-temperature behavior is good, thereby applied widely, can make cold and hot tool and mould dual-purpose, and high life improves several times surplus ten times than mould steel commonly used.
Along with the development of not having machining novel process and difficult processing novel material both at home and abroad less, various new higher requirements are constantly proposed tool die material: not only require to have high rigidity, high red hardness, high strength etc., but also require to have characteristics such as high tenacity, high fatigability.; the domestic and international at present mould steel of widely applying; as W18Cr4V, W6M5Cr4V2, Cr12, Cr12MOV etc.; though performance height such as hardness, red hardness, ultimate compression strength; but deficiencies such as impelling strength, bending strength, fatigue property; so that make the bigger tool and mould of stress that withstands shocks, ubiquity very low problem in work-ing life.For seeking the high strength toughness mould new steel grade, development and application have been carried out both at home and abroad to matrix steel type new die steel.For example, the MA(5Cr4Mo3W2V of U.S. VASCO company) and Motrix II (55Cr4Mo5WVCo8) steel, the steel Mo12(5Cr4Mo4W2V of Japanese special steel company); The 65Nb(65Cr4W3Mo2VNb of China) steel and O12Al(5Cr4Mo3SiMnVA1) steel (seeing " several new die steel " page 2 that Shanghai Inst. of Materials publishes) etc.Though these steel obdurabilities, fatigue property etc. are bigger than mould steel raising commonly used, also exist insufficient weakness such as competency, red hardness, wear resistance, so that the scope of application of steel are wideless, also belongs to specificity die steel.
Purpose of the present invention is to base oneself upon china natural resources condition and economic principle, provides that over-all properties is good, obdurability is seen work, the versatility tool and mould steel that wear resistance is high, high-temperature behavior good, red hardness is higher.It both can make cold-work die, can make hot-work die again, both can make multiple punch die tool, and cutter that the power that can withstand shocks again is big and siliconized plate roll etc. have the advantages that a steel is used more.
The invention provides a kind of high strength toughness mould steel, its Chemical Composition is (weight): carbon 0.62～0.72%, tungsten 1.6～2.3%, chromium 4.5～5.2%, vanadium 1.0～1.4%, molybdenum 2.8～3.4%, titanium 0.05～0.35%, silicon 0.8～1.2%, manganese≤0.4%, sulphur≤0.03%, phosphorus≤0.03%, copper＜0.3%, nickel＜0.25%.
Tempering of the present invention is learned definite the reasons are as follows of composition:
In view of using the not enough major cause of mould steel obdurability both at home and abroad always, though be high because of wherein containing hardness, the excessive alloy carbide that fragility is big is more, so that the forms such as the tool and mould use easily splits off often, cracking, chipping of making lost efficacy.Therefore, the fragility of the present invention for bringing by the excessive alloy carbide that reduces in the rapid steel, reach and both keep the suitable competency of rapid steel and improve obdurability significantly, use to realize a steel more, the suitable purpose of making multiple tool and mould, the special analysis on the basis that has the mould steel characteristic both at home and abroad now, composition to steel of the present invention, both with reference to high speed steel W 6Mo5Cr4V2 steel matrix composition, (strengthen according to carbon balance experimental formula (C%=0.033W+0.063Mo+0.200V+0.036Cr+0.250Ti+0.112Nb) and multiple strengthening principle again as close grain, phase transformation strengthening, precipitation strength, solution strengthening etc.), improve its performance in order further to improve, remove and suitably improve its carbon content, make steel also keep higher competency, outside the performances such as red hardness, also in conjunction with china natural resources condition and economic principle, in steel, added a spot of strong carbide forming element Ti, with further raising obdurability, wear resistance etc., and increased a spot of ferritizing strengthening element Si, with further raising obdurability, fatigue property etc.
Be to determine Ti, Si, the optimum content of C in steel, and tentatively inquire into mechanism of action problem in steel, the present invention passes through The experimental results, draw following some:
1, in steel, adds 0.05～0.35% Ti, the obdurability (comprising bending strength and impelling strength etc.) of steel is improved significantly.This mainly is because Ti has played crystal grain thinning and improved morphology of martensite and effect such as disperse precipitation strength in steel.Simultaneously, Ti is distributed on the matrix of high-strong toughness, so that the wear resistance that improves two steel has also been played vital role because of form the TiC of high rigidity in steel.
2, in steel, silicon content is increased at 0.8～1.2% o'clock, can improves the obdurability of steel significantly.This mainly is that Si has strengthened matrix in steel, has played the solution strengthening effect.
3, on high speed steel substrate composition carbon content is 0.50% basis, suitably improve the carbon content of steel, make it between the standard component and matrix composition carbon content of rapid steel, to meet the fixed-carbon ratio rule, can make steel have obdurability significantly, the competency excellent characteristics of holding concurrently.Because when carbide is excessive in the steel, though the hardness of steel is high, the obdurability deficiency as withstanding shocks the bigger tool and mould of power, splits off 〈 ﹠﹠ easily〉lost efficacy; And when carbon content 0.55% the time, tempering sample 〈 ﹠﹠ quenches〉though toughness can reach 2157KJ/m
2, * as bearing the bigger punch die tool of pressure, takes place and slightly is out of shape in but hardness (* RC)＜60 easily, also reduces work-ing life.Therefore, for obdurability and the competency that makes steel suitably cooperates, carbon content should be 0.60～0.70% for well.
As for other principal elements in the invention steel (W, Cr, Mo, V), owing to, only about the high speed steel substrate composition, suitably enlarge content range for making when smelting more easy to control.In view of the effect of these elements in steel of the present invention, should be similar to effect in rapid steel, so do not do further research, also be regardless of another matter at this and state.
The salient features of steel of the present invention is as follows:
1, Main physical performance: shown in table 1,2.
2, main Mechanical: as table 3,4,5,6.
The stagnation point of table 1 steel of the present invention and remained austenite content, Young's modulus, proportion
By table 3,4 as seen: steel comprehensive mechanical performance of the present invention is good, in recommending quenching temperature, obdurability (comprising bending resistance and tensile strength, amount of deflection, impact and fracture toughness property, the many punching performances of little energy) and competency (comprising hardness and ultimate compression strength) are all higher, are suitable for making the tool and mould of multiple different purposes.Wherein, the many punching performances of pure bending, even under the very big situation of impact energy, it is still higher to thrust cycle.
As seen from Table 5: 1. steel of the present invention is than W18Cr4V and W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel, except that hardness low close with pressure resistance, obdurability improves bigger: bending strength improves 1 times nearly, and impelling strength improves 2～4 times, 2～2.5 times of amount of deflection raisings.Steel of the present invention is all higher than the every mechanical property of Cr12MoV steel, and particularly bending strength is high approximately 1 times, and impelling strength is high approximately 1～2 times.Therefore, steel of the present invention is when as multiple punch die tool and the big cutter of the stress that withstands shocks, and work-ing life is than W18Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2 and Cr12MoV steel etc., improves several times surplus ten times.2. compare with oil quenching, isothermal quenching is little to steel mechanical property influence of the present invention, therefore needn't carry out isothermal quenching.3. because steel hardenability of the present invention is good, and critical cooling velocity is little, so air cooling is little to the mechanical property influence of steel, thereby steel of the present invention can adopt air-cooled as complex-shaped small-sized tool and mould.
By table 6 as seen: steel hot strength of the present invention and hardness are higher, and therefore, when being used as hot-work dies such as hot extrude, die casting, improve several times than 3Cr2W8V, 5CrMnMo steel etc. work-ing life.
3, main technological properties:
Hardening capacity: the hardening capacity of steel is higher: but the following steel through hardening in oil of φ 80mm; But steel material through hardening in air that φ 40mm is following.This is to making complex-shaped tool and mould, prevents or reduces heat treatment deformation and cracking, and is greatly favourable.
Heat treated heat sensitivity; The Heating temperature that allows is higher, reaches as high as 1220 ℃; Heating temperature a wider range allows 40～0 ℃ fluctuation simultaneously.This is comparatively favourable to grasping two Heat Treatment Of Steel operation.
Temper resistance: the temper resistance height also has higher hardness (HRC): 60～60.5 after 580 ℃ of tempering.But, in the test temperature scope, tempered-hardness generally reduces by 1～2 degree approximately than quenching hardness, and not resembling has the secondary hardening effect the rapid steel.
Heat treatment deformation amount: littler about 1 times than W18Cr4V Heat Treatment Of Steel deflection.Therefore, be suitable for making precision die, and also can reduce grinding allowance, help reducing die cost general mould.
Wear resistance: under oily wearing and tearing, improve 1.4 times than the wear resistance of W18Cr4V steel; Under dry wear, improve 3 times.
Red hardness: the red hardness under 600 ℃ (HRC) is 59.7～60.3.Though this is more on the low side than Red Hardness of High Speed Steel, the obdurability of steel is more much higher than rapid steel, and therefore, as withstanding shocks greatly, do not require the cutter based on red hardness, improve several times than rapid steel work-ing life.
Forgeability: the forgeability than rapid steel and Cr12 steel is all good, and forging range is wide, and high-temp plastic ductility is good, and breach appears in surface hardly in forging, and it is smooth smooth to forge the back steel surface, the lumber recovery height.
The test-results of steel of the present invention: the test-results on typical tool and mould compares table 7 for steel of the present invention and mould steel commonly used.As can be seen from the table: steel of the present invention is as multiple tool and mould, work-ing life than several times of mould steel raisings commonly used surplus ten times.
The production technique of steel of the present invention can be carried out with reference to the production technique of W18Cr-4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel basically.Meet worker's steel or high-speed tool steel standard-required for every metallurgical quality of guaranteeing steel closes, its key point for process is as follows:
1, electrosmelting: when adopting Returning blowing keto technique to smelt, before adding Ti-Fe, should adjust slag, make it to have high basicity, when slag blanket is thick, should take the part slag off; Behind the final deoxygenation, in stove, add Ti-Fe, tapping in about about 5 minutes.The rate of recovery of Ti is generally 58～68% like this.
2, esr:, guarantee that titanium elements should take to protect the Ti measure at specification limit in the remelting steel ingot in reflow process for reducing the scaling loss of titanium.
3, steel ingot annealing: annealing temperature is 900 ± 20 ℃, soaking time 8 hours; Heat-up rate≤100 ℃/time; Speed of cooling≤50 ℃/time; Tapping temperature＜500 ℃.
4, the forging of steel: Forge Heating temperature: steel ingot is 1170～1200 ℃, and steel billet is 1140～1170 ℃.Open forging temperature 〉=10*0 ℃.Stop forging temperature 〉=900 ℃.
5, steel is rolling: Heating temperature is 1130～1160 ℃.Start rolling temperature 〉=1030 ℃.Finishing temperature 〉=850 ℃.
6, steel annealing: forge and rolling after steel, carry out isothermal annealing.Heating temperature is 850 ± 10 ℃, is incubated after 2～4 hours, is cooled to 740 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 4～5 hours again.Then with＜40 ℃/time speed be cooled to≤500 ℃ come out of the stove.The steel of producing are delivered goods with as-annealed condition.
The use technology of steel of the present invention has following main points:
1, steel change forging: through forging and the rolling steel that come out, though its carbide factor amount is little, the unevenness rank is than low about 2 grades of W18Cr4V steel same size, but still how longitudinally to be zonal arrangement.Therefore, when using these steel, should with use rapid steel the same, with the big specification steel of this steel, forge and carry out three and upset and three pull out into the tool and mould blank by changing, the carbide unevenness that makes its whole section in 1～2 grade, big favourable further raising work-ing life.Its type of heating and forging method etc. are identical with rapid steel.Heating temperature is 1140～1170 ℃; Open forging temperature 〉=1060 ℃.Stop forging temperature: 〉=850 ℃.
2, forge material annealing: the tool and mould blank that changes after the forging need carry out softening annealing.Generally adopt isothermal annealing in cabinet-type electric furnace: after forging is gone into stove, be warmed to 850 ± 10 ℃ with stove, soaking time is pressed forging diameter or every millimeter calculating in 2 minutes of thickness, after the insulation, the power failure stove is as cold as 740 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 3～5 hours again, and last stove is as cold as and is lower than 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.After the annealing, hardness (HB) is 200～230, is organized as sorbite and minor amount of carbide, and total decarburized layer is 0.3～0.6mm.
3, tool and mould thermal treatment: quenching adds the thermal recovery High Temperature Salt Bath Furnace, and preheating temperature, time, number of times are identical with rapid steel, and heating is air cooling below the oil cooling to 200 ℃ afterwards.If complex-shaped small-sized tool and mould, the cooling of also can drying.Tempering insulation time: smallclothes 1 hour, big part 1.5 hours, tempering is 2 times altogether.The tool and mould big to the ground finish amount is through low temperature (about 200 ℃) tempering in oil 30～60 minutes, to eliminate the mill machining stress.Quench tempering temperature and heating coefficient and gained hardness and tissue that table 8 is recommended for the various tool and moulds of steel of the present invention.
In sum, steel of the present invention has following superiority than other mould steel:
1, Chemical Composition is reasonable in design: the alloying element total content only is 50% of a W18Cr4V steel, and required raw material expense is lower; Compare with other mould steel, do not add rare your element, meet the china natural resources condition.
2, over-all properties is good: the thermal expansivity than W18Cr4V steel is little, and thermal conductivity is good, and the heat treatment deformation amount is little, and forgeability is good, and annealing hardness is low, and machinability is good, and quenching temperature is low, the wear resistance height, and hardening capacity, temper resistance, red hardness etc. are close.Mechanical property is good: (as W18Cr4V, W-6Mo5Cr4V2 and Cr12MoV etc.) compare with mould steel commonly used, and competency is close, and obdurability improves significantly; (as 65Nb, O12Al, LD etc.) compare with other new die steel, and obdurability is close, and competency is higher.
3, applied widely: because high comprehensive performance, thereby can make cold and hot mould steel dual-purpose, and too late for other the old and new's tool and mould steel capital, have the characteristics of " steel is used more ".
4, high life:, improve several times surplus ten times than mould steel W18Cr4V commonly used, W6Mo5Cr4V2, Cr12MoV, 3Cr-2W8V steel etc.Thereby economic benefit is very remarkable.
5, owing to have above-mentioned superiority, thereby we can say, is cold and hot tool die material, the particularly big tool die material of power that withstands shocks, and rising novel mould steel has the value of applying greatly.
Note: all steel correlation datas of the present invention all are that the present invention passes through simultaneous test gained result.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of high strength toughness mould steel is characterized in that the Chemical Composition of steel is (weight): carbon 0.62～0.72%, tungsten 1.6～2.3%, chromium 4.5～5.2%, vanadium 1.0～1.4%, molybdenum 2.8～3.4%, titanium 0.05～0.35%, silicon 0.8～1.2%, Yu Weitie and small amount of impurities.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102018.1A CN1005157B (en) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | High toughness mould steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102018.1A CN1005157B (en) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | High toughness mould steel |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88105812 Division CN1006813B (en) | 1988-12-14 | 1988-12-14 | High strength toughness mould steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87102018A CN87102018A (en) | 1988-01-13 |
| CN1005157B true CN1005157B (en) | 1989-09-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102018.1A Expired CN1005157B (en) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | High toughness mould steel |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1005157B (en) |
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1987
- 1987-04-22 CN CN87102018.1A patent/CN1005157B/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN87102018A (en) | 1988-01-13 |
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