CN109487166A - A kind of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
It is a kind of to belong to material and preparation field in the hot die steel and technology of preparing that up to 600-700 DEG C of operating condition is used for a long time.Present component mass percent are as follows: C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤0.5, Mn :≤0.5, Cr:1.0-3.0, Mo:1.5-2.5, W:0.3-1.2, Ni:0.5-1.6, V:0.2-1.0, Nb:0.03-0.15, N :≤0.05, S :≤0.03, P :≤0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤1.0, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.The present invention forms lath martensite using low-carbon, to obtain room temperature low-temperature high-toughness；Using alloyings such as Cr, W, Mo, V, Nb, and by optimization thermal deformation and heat treatment process, improves solution strengthening and be formed in 600-700 DEG C of MC, M for still keeping stability2C-type carbide, to obtain the elevated temperature strength and thermal stability of material.Compared with the hot die steels such as current common H13,25Cr3Mo3NiNbZr, its 700 DEG C of elevated temperature strengths improve 50-100%, it is tempered thermal stability and improves 50-100 DEG C, solve 600-700 DEG C of high temperature hot die steel problem very well, while there is longer service life in 600 DEG C and following temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials and preparation field, and in particular to low-carbon hot die steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Heated die steel is mainly used for the extraordinary component etc. under the mold and high temperature that various worst hot cases use.Hot-work die
Steel is divided into hot-forging die, hot extruding die, compression mod and hot blanking die etc. again.Wherein again with the operating condition of hot-forging die, hot extruding die
It is required that the most typical, red-hot solid metallic is made to generate plastic deformation under a degree of load-up condition, when work not only
With high-temperature metal or liquid metal contacts, mould-cavity temperature may be up to 500 DEG C -600 DEG C, and local temperature is even as high as 700 DEG C, and
Certain load is born, softening easily occurs under the periodic impulse of strong load and collapses, deform, therefore the high temperature of mould steel is strong
Degree is also another important performance characteristic in decision hot-work die service life.
H13 steel is common traditional moulds material, and domestic demand amount is big, however in recent years with science and technology
Fast development, the use temperature of heated die steel and thermal stability etc. are put forward higher requirements, foreign countries have developed a series of outstanding
New Hot Work Die Steel, most representational is 25Cr3Mo3VNb, 8407, QR090 and DIVAR steel, their chemistry member
Cellulose content is shown in Table 1.
1 H13 steel of table and some typical New Hot Work Die Steel chemical component mass fractions (%)
| The trade mark | C | Cr | Mo | V | Si | Mn | Nb |
| 25Cr3Mo3VNb | 0.30 | 3.00 | 2.90 | 0.80 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.12 |
| 8407 | 0.39 | 5.20 | 1.40 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.40 | -- |
| QR090 | 0.38 | 2.60 | 2.25 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.75 | -- |
| DIVAR | 0.35 | 5.00 | 2.30 | 0.60 | 0.20 | -- | -- |
| H13 | 0.40 | 5.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.30 | -- |
The chemical component of 8407 steel is theoretically substantially similar with H13, but its smelting process for production is more advanced, smart
Carefully, especially in the control of harmful element, the structure property of steel is more excellent.8407 steel are in medium temperature (400-600 DEG C) work
With preferable thermal fatigue resistance and high red hardness when making, and its quenching critical cooling rate is smaller, and hardenability is preferable,
Size is more stable when quenching.Sweden's steel QR090 steel is that iron company, Sweden is that the mold being on active service under the condition of high temperature specially designs
Steel alloy, compared with 8407 steel, QR090 steel Cr, Si content has apparent reduction, while improving the content of Mo element, although
The total content of alloying element is lower than 8407 steel in QR090 steel, but for example tough warp of its comprehensive performance, yield strength, thermal conductivity, heat-resisting
Property and thermal fatigue resistance etc. be better than 8407 steel.DIEVAR steel carbon content is slightly less than 8407 steel and QR090 steel, and Mo constituent content is higher than
8407 steel, performance and QR090 steel are similar.
But above-mentioned novel heated die steel cannot still be suitable for the worst hot case higher than 600 DEG C or more well, work as working temperature
When higher than 600 DEG C, elevated temperature strength and thermal stability, which sharply decline, causes die life sharply to decline.The reason is that when temperature
Degree is increased to 600 DEG C or more, the symbiosis and epibiosis of matrix and the second phase by destroy, the M of partially its invigoration effect2C-type carbide
Back dissolving, while the carbide thermal stability of part Cr is poor, grows up rapidly, so that material at high temperature intensity drops rapidly with red hardness
It is low.For the high-temperature stability for improving material matrix and the second phase, the mode for improving carbon content and alloying element content is generallyd use,
But due to the raising of phosphorus content and alloying element content, acicular martensite is easily caused to generate the roughening with carbide, this can be tight
Ghost image rings the toughness and fatigue behaviour of hot die steel, the same service life for being unfavorable for mold again.
Summary of the invention
The characteristics of present invention aims at according to hot die steel operating condition, it is steady to design a kind of high-temp and high-strength, high tempering
It is qualitative, and there is the hot die steel of room temperature low-temperature high-toughness simultaneously, using the side for improving alloy degree and MC type carbide content
Formula improves the elevated temperature strength of New Hot Work Die Steel by solution strengthening, second-phase strength, dispersion-strengtherning, and preparing has height
The hot die steel of degree of purity, high structural homogenity.
Specific technical solution is as follows:
The low-carbon hot die steel of the high temper resistance of high strength at high temperature of the present invention, which is characterized in that chemical component quality hundred
Divide than being C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤0.5, Mn :≤0.5, Cr:1.0-3.0, Mo:1.5-2.5, W:0.3-1.2, Ni:0.5-
1.6, V:0.2-1.0, Nb:0.03-0.15, N :≤0.05, S :≤0.03, P :≤0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤
1.0, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
Specific preparation process is as follows for above-mentioned hot die steel:
1, vacuum melting process: ingredient percent: C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤0.5, Mn :≤0.5, Cr:1.0- is pressed
3.0、Mo:1.5-2.5、W:0.3-1.2、Ni:0.5-1.6、V:0.2-1.0、Nb:0.03-0.15、N:≤0.05、S:≤0.03、
P :≤0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤1.0, surplus are Fe ingredient.Vacuum drying oven melting or electric arc furnaces are carried out after ingredient
Melting pours into electrode bar stock, then in forge furnace middle section at electrode bar.
2, electroslag remelting process: the resulting electrode bar polishing of step 1 hammer cogging is removed into descale, is put into vacuum electroslag
In remelting apparatus, double refining is carried out, electroslag remelting water-cooling system water temperature is not higher than 70 DEG C, Electro Slag Remelting Steel is obtained after electroslag remelting
Ingot；
3, high temperature homogenizing annealing process: to reduce influence of the MC type primary carbide to toughness of material and fatigue behaviour,
10~40h of homogenizing anneal is carried out using 1250~1300 DEG C of high temperature, then with the rate of 80-100 DEG C/h with being furnace-cooled to 500
DEG C or less be furnace-cooled to after forging temperature keeps the temperature 2~6 hours after air-cooled or 1250~1300 DEG C of high temperature homogenization of coming out of the stove and directly forge
It makes, to reach uniform as-cast structure, reduces segregation, eliminate the purpose of primary carbide.
4, forge manufacturing procedure: technique be 1150-1200 DEG C heat preservation 4-8 hours, 1130-1200 DEG C of initial forging temperature, finish-forging
800-900 DEG C of temperature, forging ratio 3-4；
5, forging rear annealing process: steel enter furnace in 500 DEG C of temperature of <, are heated to the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h
It is kept the temperature after 830~900 DEG C, then comes out of the stove air-cooled with being furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less with the rate of 20-40 DEG C/h again, finally obtain
Uniformly tiny recrystallized structure is obtained, crystallite dimension is 20-40 μm.
6, heat treatment procedure: final heat treatment uses modifier treatment, and quenching technical is to heat the material to 970-1100 DEG C
After kept the temperature, determined according to scantling cold using air-cooled, water cooling or oil, tempering temperature is different according to the hardness of required finished product
Between 580-660 DEG C, 2-6 hours are kept the temperature.
It further, is the electrode bar stock excision impurity content that will be poured and oxidation at electrode bar stock by section described in step 1
It is put into forge furnace after the more shrinkage cavity of skin, forging technology is to be heated to 1080-1180 DEG C, and keep the temperature 1~4 hour, heat preservation
Purpose is to make foreign gas in bar stock sufficiently spread discharge.By electrode bar after forging except electroslag remelting is carried out after descale, subtract
The oxygen content brought into during electroslag smelting is lacked, has improved material purity, while the electrode billet of forging molding can be to avoid
Or reduce influence of the electrode bar stock air-breathing to material property after the broken sky of casting.
Further, electroslag remelting described in step 2, slag used need to be put into before electroslag remelting dry in slag hearth in 800~
900 DEG C of temperature are toasted 24 hours or more.
Further, electroslag remelting described in step 2, electric current empirically formula I=(14~24) DKnot, DKnotIt is straight for crystallizer
Diameter.
Further, electroslag ingot described in step 2 is 30Kg or more steel ingot.
Further, soaking time described in step 5 is according to workpiece size, specific formula for calculation are as follows: Or [120min+r (mm) × 1min/mm], d are material thickness, r is material radius.
Further, soaking time described in step 6 is according to workpiece size, specific formula for calculation are as follows: soaking time is according to public affairs
FormulaOr [(15~40) min+r (mm) × 1min/mm], d is material thickness, r
For material radius.
The characteristics of invention technology described above scheme, is: the content of Cr is suitably reduced on the basis of existing hot die steel,
Guarantee that the carbide for the Cr for inhibiting high-temperature stability poor while resistance to high temperature oxidation generates；Add (1.5-2.5) %'s simultaneously
Excessive Mo is added to improve heat resistance, thermal stability and the secondary hardening effect of material in the W of Mo and (0.3-1.2) %
Colleague with W element in promotion segregation can also promote M6The generation of c-type carbide, reduces that high-temperature stability is fabulous and small and dispersed
MC type carbide generation, reduce High-Temperature Strengthening effect, therefore control Mo, W element summation below 3.5%；(0.2- is added
1.0) the hardening heat when Nb of the V of % and (0.03-0.15) % are to improve heat treatment reduces and eliminates segregation,
It is dissolved alloying element sufficiently, to improve alloy solid solution degree, simultaneously gives full play to alloying element to the work of high-temperature behavior
With the M for promoting high-temperature stability good2The distribution of C and MC type carbide dispersion remarkably promotes the fabulous MC type carbonization of high-temperature stability
Object generates, and greatly improves the elevated temperature strength of New Hot Work Die Steel by solution strengthening, second-phase strength, dispersion-strengtherning, but V,
Nb can promote the generation of MC type primary carbide, and the generation of primary carbide has not only consumed the alloying element of invigoration effect,
Also it is unfavorable for the toughness and fatigue behaviour of material simultaneously, Nb, V element content summation are below 1.0%.Present invention additionally contemplates that material
Expect that influence of the preparation process to material structure performance, influence, diffusion annealing of the smelting process to material purity are uniform to material
The influence of property, modifier treatment are to material alloys solid solubility and the second phased soln and the influence of pick-up behavior etc..
It is in particular in:
(1) in terms of ingredient:
New Hot Work Die Steel chemical component (weight %) are as follows: C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤0.5, Mn :≤0.5, Cr:
1.0-3.0、Mo:1.5-2.5、W:0.3-1.2、Ni:0.5-1.6、V:0.2-1.0、Nb:0.03-0.15、N:≤0.05、S:≤
0.03, P :≤0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤1.0, remaining is Fe；
C: carbon is most important element in hot die steel, it determines the hardness and strength that martensite is formed when quenching, and
It plays a crucial role to tempering post-curing.Mild steel quenching structure is dislocatrion martensite, and not only intensity is high, and has certain modeling
Property deformability so that toughness of material is good, can to avoid with the formation that mitigates hardening flaw.And the needle-shaped geneva that medium carbon steel is formed
Body is formed for explosion type, and not only stress is very big, and twin crystal martensite toughness is low, and micro-flaw is easily formed in quenching process.This
Low carbon content (C 0.12-0.30%) is used in invention, is obtained quenching dislocatrion martensite and is guaranteed toughness of material, also can get foot
Enough carbide guarantee the intensity of material, ensure that the service life of New Hot Work Die Steel from institutional framework.
W, Mo: most crux element in hot die steel, not only improve material harden ability, more play to be formed it is a great deal of special
The effect of carbide, provides age hardening effect, inhibits the aggregation of carbide and grows up, improves the red hardness of steel.In the present invention
More and Dispersed precipitate secondary carbonization is precipitated in tempering in the W for adding the Mo and (0.3-1.2) % of (1.5-2.5) %
Object (Mo2C, WC) secondary hardening effect is dramatically increased, simultaneously improve the wearability and elevated temperature strength of steel.
Cr: not only play a part of to improve harden ability in high-speed steel, improve antioxygenic property, be also important carbide shape
At element.But its Cr formed7C3、Cr23C6Phase thermal stability is poor, in 600 DEG C or more easy agglomerations, so that solution strengthening
Sharply decline with second-phase strength effect, thus Cr content be not easy it is excessively high.
V, Nb:V is carbide, in steel formed VC carbide, add a small amount of V provide for it is strong
Age hardening effect.VC volume is tiny and only can just be dissolved in austenite at very high temperatures, to the room temperature for improving material
It plays an important role with high temperature abrasion resistance；The carbide that Nb is formed has thermal stability more better than VC, adds micro Nb
MC type carbide quantity is improved, is made in addition to as refinement crystal grain, and the MC type carbide of a large amount of Dispersed precipitates is remarkably improved height
Medium-temperature reinforced effect, to improve the red hardness and wear-resisting property of material.But V, the content of Nb cannot be excessively high, and excessively high V, Nb can add
Big degree of segregation forms coarse primary carbide in the tissue, and chain is present in intergranular, influences toughness of material and fatigability
Energy.
N: because the affinity between nitrogen and V, Nb is stronger, nitrogen is beneficial to that vanadium carbide nitride niobium is precipitated, so that portion
Divide vanadium niobium element to be converted into tiny proeutectoid carbide by solid solution condition, enhances precipitation strength effect.The addition of nitrogen can make nitrogen
Change vanadium niobium or vanadium carbide nitride niobium precipitated phase more disperses, is tiny, can promote crystal grain refinement, rationally increases the content of nitrogen, have
Conducive to enhancing precipitation strength and refined crystalline strengthening effect.But excessive N content can promote the precipitation of sheet nitride, to reduce modeling
Property and impact property.
S: being the objectionable impurities elements in steel, S is in addition to forming sulphide inculsion and reducing plasticity, in sulfur-bearing atmosphere also
(Fe+FeS) eutectic is easily formed, crack phenomenon occurs.Therefore its content should be reduced as far as possible, it is limited within 0.03%.
P: too high levels will lead to low-temperature flexibility and reduce to be risen with Cold Brittleness Transition Temperature, therefore its content reduces as far as possible.To keep away
Exempt from or mitigate the adverse effect to plasticity.It is limited within 0.03%.
(2) process aspect:
The electroslag remelting electrode bar that the present invention uses is that resulting ingot casting forging gained is poured by vacuum melting, when forging
Soak processing is conducive to remove the hydrogen in steel, and electrode need to carry out grinding process before electroslag remelting, to reduce Electroslag Process
In the oxygen amount of bringing into, reduce steel in oxide be mingled with.During blank forging after electroslag, holding stage is compared with traditional moulds steel
Forging technology improves 50 DEG C of degree to improve the back dissolving degree of alloying element in material, and controls final forging temperature and be located at 800~900 DEG C,
Forging ratio is controlled simultaneously greater than 3, guarantees that tissue after forging, crystal grain are tiny.The final grain structure that obtains is uniformly tiny, is distributed in matrix big
Small and dispersed and the fabulous proeutectoid carbide of high-temperature stability are measured, and primary carbide size can be controlled in 1 μm or less in matrix.
Specific embodiment
According to the chemical composition ranges of above-mentioned design, using 4 furnace of 1T vacuum drying oven melting steel 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# of the present invention and
5# for convenient for comparing, while smelting one furnace of 1T steel ingot of 25Cr3Mo3VNb, H13 steel using commercial steel, material composition such as table 2,
7, shown in 12 and 17.It will be put into after the more shrinkage cavity of casting 360 steel ingot base of Φ excision impurity content and oxide skin after vacuum melting
In forge furnace, forging technology is to be heated to 1120 DEG C, and keep the temperature 2 hours, and the electrode billet of Φ 220 is forged into after heat preservation.It is laggard
Row electroslag remelting, slag used are put into dry in slag hearth before electroslag and toast 30 hours in 850 DEG C of temperature, and Φ is obtained after electroslag remelting
300 steel ingot.
Embodiment 1
1# steel ingot is placed in gas furnace and is heated to 1250 DEG C of progress homogenizing anneal 20 hours, then with 100 DEG C/h
Rate be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled；1160 DEG C, which are heated to, with car-type keeps the temperature 4 hours.It is carried out after the completion of heat preservation
Forging, about 1130 DEG C of initial forging temperature, 810 DEG C of final forging temperature, a fire forging to Φ 90, forging ratio 3.3；Isothermal spheroidizing is carried out after forging to move back
Fire, stick to be forged are cooled to 500 DEG C with tripping in furnace, are heated to 870 DEG C with the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 150min, so
Afterwards with the rate of 30 DEG C/h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled.After 1# steel and compared steel annealing, it is processed into sample, and pass through
It is quenched after 980 DEG C of heat preservation 60min, then after 640 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 2 hours, carries out Mechanics Performance Testing.1# steel and compared steel ratio
It is more tiny that with second traditional steel is compared compared with, tissue, and temper resistance energy is excellent, while its hardness and elevated temperature strength relatively compare material
Material significantly improves, and is specifically shown in Table 3, table 4, table 5 and table 6.
Table 2: the chemical component of invention steel and compared steel, weight %
Table 3: invention steel is with the tissue of compared steel compared with grain size size
Table 4: invention steel and compared steel are in 980 DEG C of quenching different temperatures 2 hours hardness numbers of tempering
Table 5: invention steel is compared with compared steel red hardness
Table 6: the toughness and elevated temperature strength of invention steel and compared steel
Embodiment 2
2#, 3# steel ingot are placed in gas furnace and are heated to 1280 DEG C of progress homogenizing anneal 30 hours, then with 90 DEG C/
The rate of h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled；1180 DEG C, which are heated to, with car-type keeps the temperature 4 hours.It is carried out after the completion of heat preservation
Forging, about 1150 DEG C of initial forging temperature, 830 DEG C of final forging temperature, a fire forging to Φ 90, forging ratio 3.3；Isothermal spheroidizing is carried out after forging to move back
Fire, stick to be forged are cooled to 500 DEG C with tripping in furnace, are heated to 870 DEG C with the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 150min, so
Afterwards with the rate of 30 DEG C/h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C once come out of the stove it is air-cooled.After 2#, 3# steel and compared steel annealing, it is processed into sample, and
It is quenched after 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 60min, then after 640 DEG C are tempered 2 hours, carries out Mechanics Performance Testing.2#, 3# steel and compared steel
Compare, it is more tiny that tissue with second compares traditional steel, and temper resistance can be excellent, while the relatively comparison of its hardness and elevated temperature strength
Material significantly improves, and is specifically shown in Table 8, table 9, table 10 and table 11.
Table 7: the chemical component of invention steel and compared steel, weight %
Table 8: invention steel is with the tissue of compared steel compared with grain size size
Table 9: invention steel and compared steel are in 1050 DEG C of quenching different temperatures 2 hours hardness numbers of tempering
Table 10: invention steel is compared with compared steel red hardness
Table 11: the toughness and elevated temperature strength of invention steel and compared steel
Embodiment 3
4# steel ingot is placed in gas furnace and is heated to 1300 DEG C of progress homogenizing anneal 20 hours, then with 80 DEG C/h's
Rate be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled；1200 DEG C, which are heated to, with car-type keeps the temperature 4 hours.It is forged after the completion of heat preservation
It makes, about 1180 DEG C of initial forging temperature, 850 DEG C of final forging temperature, a fire forging to Φ 90, forging ratio 3.3；Isothermal spheroidizing is carried out after forging to move back
Fire, stick to be forged are cooled to 500 DEG C with tripping in furnace, are heated to 870 DEG C with the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 150min, so
Afterwards with the rate of 30 DEG C/h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C once come out of the stove it is air-cooled.After 4# steel and compared steel annealing, it is processed into sample, and pass through
It is quenched after 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 60min, then after 640 DEG C are tempered 2 hours, carries out Mechanics Performance Testing.4# steel compared with compared steel,
It organizes to compare traditional steel with second more tiny, and temper resistance energy is excellent, while its hardness and elevated temperature strength are compared with contrast material
It significantly improves, is specifically shown in Table 13, table 14, table 15 and table 16.
Table 12: the chemical component of invention steel and compared steel, weight %
Table 13: invention steel is with the tissue of compared steel compared with grain size size
Table 14: invention steel and compared steel are in 1050 DEG C of quenching different temperatures 2 hours hardness numbers of tempering
Table 15: invention steel is compared with compared steel red hardness
Table 16: the toughness and elevated temperature strength of invention steel and compared steel
Embodiment 4
5# steel ingot is placed in gas furnace and is heated to 1300 DEG C of progress homogenizing anneal 10 hours, then with 100 DEG C/h
Rate be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled；1200 DEG C, which are heated to, with car-type keeps the temperature 4 hours.It is carried out after the completion of heat preservation
Forging, about 1180 DEG C of initial forging temperature, 850 DEG C of final forging temperature, a fire forging to Φ 90, forging ratio 3.3；Isothermal spheroidizing is carried out after forging to move back
Fire, stick to be forged are cooled to 500 DEG C with tripping in furnace, are heated to 870 DEG C with the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h, keep the temperature 150min, so
Afterwards with the rate of 30 DEG C/h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C once come out of the stove it is air-cooled.After 4# steel and compared steel annealing, it is processed into sample, and pass through
It is quenched after 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 60min, then after 640 DEG C are tempered 2 hours, carries out Mechanics Performance Testing.5# steel compared with compared steel,
It organizes to compare traditional steel with second more tiny, and temper resistance energy is excellent, while its hardness and elevated temperature strength are compared with contrast material
It significantly improves, is specifically shown in Table 18, table 19, table 20 and table 21.
Table 17: the chemical component of invention steel and compared steel, weight %
Table 18: invention steel is with the tissue of compared steel compared with grain size size
Table 19: invention steel and compared steel are in 1050 DEG C of quenching different temperatures 2 hours hardness numbers of tempering
Table 20: invention steel is compared with compared steel red hardness
Table 21: the toughness and elevated temperature strength of invention steel and compared steel
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel, which is characterized in that chemical component mass percent is C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤
0.5、Mn:≤0.5、Cr:1.0-3.0、Mo:1.5-2.5、W:0.3-1.2、Ni:0.5-1.6、V:0.2-1.0、Nb:0.03-
0.15, N :≤0.05, S :≤0.03, P :≤0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤1.0, remaining is for Fe and inevitably
Impurity element.
2. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel described in claim 1, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
1) vacuum melting process: press ingredient percent: C:0.12-0.30, Si :≤0.5, Mn :≤0.5, Cr:1.0-3.0,
Mo:1.5-2.5、W:0.3-1.2、Ni:0.5-1.6、V:0.2-1.0、Nb:0.03-0.15、N:≤0.05、S:≤0.03、P:≤
0.03, (Mo+W)≤3.5, (Nb+V)≤1.0, surplus are Fe ingredient, carry out vacuum drying oven melting or arc melting after ingredient,
Electrode bar stock is poured into, then in forge furnace middle section at electrode bar；
2) electroslag remelting process: the resulting electrode bar polishing of step 1) hammer cogging is removed into descale, is put into vacuum electroslag weight
In fusing device, double refining is carried out, electroslag remelting water-cooling system water temperature is not higher than 70 DEG C, electroslag ingot is obtained after electroslag remelting；
3) high temperature homogenizing annealing process: using 1250~1300 DEG C high temperature carry out 10~40h of homogenizing anneal, then with
The rate of 80-100 DEG C/h is with being furnace-cooled to forging after being furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less air-cooled or 1250~1300 DEG C of high temperature homogenizations of coming out of the stove
It is directly forged after making temperature 2~6 hours；
4) forging process: forging technology be 1150-1200 DEG C heat preservation 4-8 hours, 1130-1200 DEG C of initial forging temperature, final forging temperature
800-900 DEG C, forging ratio 3-4；
5) forging rear annealing process: steel enter furnace in 500 DEG C of temperature of <, 830 are heated to the rate of heat addition no more than 100 DEG C/h~
Kept the temperature after 900 DEG C, then again with the rate of 20-40 DEG C/h be furnace-cooled to 500 DEG C or less come out of the stove it is air-cooled, it is final obtain it is uniform
Tiny recrystallized structure, crystallite dimension are 20-40 μm；
6) heat treatment procedure: final heat treatment uses modifier treatment, and quenching technical is laggard to heat the material to 970-1100 DEG C
Row heat preservation determines cold using air-cooled, water cooling or oil according to scantling；Tempering temperature should be according to the hardness difference of required finished product
Between 580-660 DEG C, 2-6 hours are kept the temperature.
3. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that will be described in step 1)
Section at electrode bar stock is forged being put into forge furnace after the more shrinkage cavity of the electrode bar stock excision impurity content and oxide skin of casting
Making technique is to be heated to 1080-1180 DEG C, and keep the temperature 1~4 hour.
4. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that electricity described in step 2)
Slag remelting, slag used are needed to be put into dry before electroslag remelting and be toasted 24 hours in slag hearth in 800~900 DEG C of temperature or more.
5. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described in step 2)
Electroslag remelting, electric current empirically formula I=(14~24) DKnot, DKnotFor crystallizer diameter.
6. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that electricity described in step 2)
Slag steel ingot is 30Kg or more steel ingot.
7. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 5) heat preservation
Time is according to workpiece size, specific formula for calculation are as follows:Or [120min+r (mm) ×
1min/mm], d is material thickness, and r is material radius.
8. the preparation method of high strength at high temperature low-carbon heated die steel as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 6) quenching
The heating and thermal insulation time is according to workpiece size, specific formula for calculation are as follows: soaking time is according to formula Or [(15~40) min+r (mm) × 1min/mm], d are material thickness, r is material radius.
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