CN109402514A - A kind of dedicated hot stamping die steel HS7 and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of dedicated hot stamping die steel HS7 and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109402514A CN109402514A CN201811595814.9A CN201811595814A CN109402514A CN 109402514 A CN109402514 A CN 109402514A CN 201811595814 A CN201811595814 A CN 201811595814A CN 109402514 A CN109402514 A CN 109402514A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of new exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7, are related to mould steel composition formula and manufacturing technology field.The weight percentage of dedicated hot stamping die steel chemical analysis are as follows: C 0.41-0.45%；Si0.45-0.55%；Mn0.35-0.45%；Cr6.4-6.80%；Mo1.20-1.40%；V0.75-0.85%；P≤0.015%；S≤0.003%；Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity and last traces element.Inventive die steel is smelted using the alloying element proportion of unique optimization, by fining and multidirectional is forged, and combine the techniques such as high temperature homogenization and ultra fine, not only greatly improve materials microstructure grade and degree of purity, and every key index of hot stamping die steel has been obviously improved it, including wearability and High-temperature-resandant andant wear-resistant, thermal fatigue resistance cracking behavior, plasticity_resistant deformation etc., thus can significantly improve hot stamping die quality and the service life and obtain more preferably economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mold materials, specially dedicated hot stamping die steel, are mainly used for the fields such as automobile, tool
Medium-to-high grade hot stamping die, be related to mould steel manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
Mould industry is the mother of product, is most important basic equipment industry in product manufacturing, main species have the modern designs of plastics,
Stamping die, casting die, forging die, extrusion die, glass molds, wire drawing die, rubber pattern etc., wherein stamping die can be divided into Cold pressing die again
With drop stamping mould etc..Mold materials are die ontology base materials, are to ensure that the basic key factor of mold performance and quality, mould steel
Depending on the application and use condition, plastic die steel, hot die steel, cold work die steel and high-speed steel etc., hot-work steel can be divided into
It again can die casting and casting die steel, hot work tool steel, Extrusion Die Steel, hot stamping die steel etc. according to particular use.
Transition and upgrade and innovation and development of the mould industry of China by more than 30 years have achieved world's mold manufacture big country
With big trading nation and constantly accelerate to world's mold make the country prosperous transformation.Along with the development of mould industry, domestic mould steel is special
Industry producer quantity, rolling shapes, credit rating and stability, marketing system establish etc. achieve considerable promotion and into
Step.But domestic mould steel at this stage the problem of and it is insufficient be also it will be apparent that being mainly shown as quality stability and import
Mould steel has a certain gap, the application of innovative development and market is insufficient, kind is not complete enough and lacks particular mold particular manufacturing craft
Steel, system are promoted and brand building dynamics is insufficient, are significantly greater than in the obvious relatively low, import volume of high-end and middle and high-end market occupation rate
Export volume etc..
Hot press-formed technology is that boron steel steel plate (initial strength is 500~700MPa) is heated to austenitizing state,
It is stamping to be quickly transferred to mold high speed, in the case where guaranteeing certain pressure, product is in die ontology to be greater than 27
DEG C/cooling velocity of s is quenched, pressure maintaining quenching a period of time, have the superelevation of uniform martensitic structure strong to obtain
The forming mode of steel part.Hot press-formed advantage: drop stamping part has superhigh intensity, and lightening material weight is to effectively
Mitigate car body weight, improves bodywork safety and comfort；Improve press formability simultaneously, improve parts size precision, improves
Surface hardness, dent resistance and corrosion resistance；In addition forming press machine tonnage etc. is also reduced.
The part of automobile drop stamping in recent years rapidly increases along with the increasingly raising that automotive light weight technology requires, to drive
The fast development of hot stamping die.But the most important raw material as hot stamping die manufacture, hot stamping die steel are but deposited
Market supply kind it is more single, lack proprietary material, imported material is occupied an leading position but expensive, domestic drop stamping mould
Problems and contradictions such as though tool material have certain development but the marketization is made slow progress.
As a kind of production application hot die steel more than 50 years (domestic production application also has nearly 30 years), H13
Have certain elevated temperature strength, toughness, wearability, cost is relatively low, thus becomes the hot-work dies such as hot forging, drop stamping, hot extrusion
The steel grade relatively mostly used.But not enough optimization, smelting be not fine, degree of purity is lower, thin without tissue because its alloy composition matches
The factors such as treatment with micron so that material hardness and wearability, elevated temperature strength, toughness, in terms of performance it is equal
There are obvious deficiencies, so as to cause hot stamping die wearability resistant to high temperatures, fire check performance, plasticity_resistant deformation, anti-whole cracking
Etc. performances it is totally not good enough, mold terminal life it is very short and and it is extremely unstable, be not able to satisfy that product batch is larger, shape more and more
Shape is more complex, the requirement of the higher hot stamping die of surface quality requirements.Therefore it needs to carry out novelty to existing mold steel to change
Good and development and application.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to improve the conventional material H13 for making hot stamping die, a kind of each main property is provided
The new exclusive hot stamping die steel that energy index is obviously improved.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: by the basis of H13 to alloy composition again
Proportion optimizing, and using fine smelting, high temperature homogenization, big forging ratio multiway forging technique and the production for organizing imperceptibility processing
Technique obtains completely new hot stamping die steel HS7.
Traditional typical chemical component of hot die steel H13 are as follows: C 0.39%, Si 1.00%, Mn 0.40%,
Cr5.00%, Mo 1.30%, V 0.90%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.005%, remaining is Fe and impurity element；H13 is basic
Production technology are as follows: electro-smelting EF+ external refining LF+ vacuum outgas VD+ forging+spheroidising.
The weight percentage of the basic chemical analysis of mould steel HS7 of the invention are as follows:: C 0.41-0.45%；Si
0.45-0.55%；Mn 0.35-0.45%；Cr 6.40-6.80%；Mo 1.20-1.40%；V 0.75-0.85%；Remaining is
Fe and inevitable impurity and last traces element.The control standard of impurity element is P≤0.015%, S≤0.003%；Have
The control standard of evil elemental gas is N≤100PPM, H≤2.0PPM, O≤15PPM；The control standard of residual elements are as follows: Ni≤
0.25%；Cu≤0.25%；Sn≤0.03%；Pb≤0.002%；As≤0.040%；Ti≤0.010%；Bi≤0.005%；
Sb≤0.005%.
It is matched according to above-mentioned chemical component, using arc melting EF+ ladle refining LF+ vacuum outgas VD+ electroslag remelting
The system of ESR, which refines, smelts, and obtains accurate composition, sulphur phosphorus and the lower HS7 mold steel ingot of non-metallic inclusion content, and
According to correct annealing process by ingot annealing.
By Heating Steel Ingots to high temperature homogenization temperature and carry out enough heat preservations so that the carbide of steel ingot sufficiently spread it is molten
Steel ingot is cooled to forging temperature again later to fundamentally improve the original structure of steel ingot by solution, is carried out using Bi≤6 is forged
Forging is made annealing treatment steel forging to desired size by upsetting pull forging after completing forging.
Steel after annealing are subjected to tissue imperceptibility processing, the solid solution temperature of steel is heated to and keeps the temperature enough
Time, the annealing temperature for being cooled back to steel carry out spheroidising, to complete the system of new exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7
It makes.
Compared with traditional hot die steel H13, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: new exclusive mould steel HS7 passes through excellent
Change and change alloying component proportion, using systematization refinery practice and big forging ratio forging technology, at advanced tissue imperceptibility
Science and engineering skill makes material have superior comprehensive performance, comprising: high cleanliness and consistency, tissue fine and even, material are respectively to same
Property is good, and elevated temperature strength, toughness ductility are excellent, excellent heat wear resistance, thermal-shock resistance and heat resistanceheat resistant crack performance.
Compared to the hot stamping die steel H13 of normal usage, HS7 material of the present invention is in high temperature hardness and intensity, toughness and prolongs
Malleability, etc. tropisms etc. performance indicator have and promoted by a relatively large margin so that the heat-resisting abrasivity of material, heat shock resistance cracking,
The military services performance such as heat crack resistance, plasticity_resistant deformation greatly promotes, to obtain height and stable die life, preferably meets
Complex-shaped, high surface quality, longer life requirement middle and high end hot stamping die requirement, realize hot stamping die steel
Innovation and application, to realize good mass effect and economic benefit.
The HS7 technological process of production:
Specific embodiment
Technical matters scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention.It is aobvious
So, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the reality in the present invention
Example is applied, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all belongs to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment
Steps are as follows for a kind of preparation method of new exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7:
Step 1: the elementary composition weight percent according to mould steel carries out feed proportioning (C 0.41-0.45%；Si
0.45-0.55%；Mn 0.35-0.45%；Cr 6.40-6.80%；Mo 1.20-1.40%；V 0.75-0.85%；Remaining is
Fe).Selected raw material is placed in melting in high-grade electric arc furnaces, smelting temperature is 1510-1550 DEG C, duration of heat 250-300
Minute, LF furnace is transferred to after sample detection molten iron composition is substantially up to standard again and carries out ladle refining 60-80 minutes, in the process again to composition
Necessary fine tuning is carried out, is then carried out vacuum outgas 30-40 minutes in VD vacuum degassing furnace.By being protected after refining
It is poured steel ingot under gas condition, carries out annealing destressing processing, so completion steel ingot (electrode after steel ingot is cooling with 800-840 DEG C
Base) production.
It is carried out at electroslag remelting Step 2: being placed into the electrode billet of step 1 in the electroslag refining furnace with protective atmosphere
Reason is needed after completing remelting with the even compact of the impurity composition, raising degree of purity and tissue that are further reduced in original steel ingot
Steel ingot is made annealing treatment with 800-840 DEG C to eliminate stress again.
Step 3: the Heating Steel Ingots through electroslag remelting are kept the temperature 300-350 minutes to 1250-1300 DEG C (center to temperature),
So that carbide tissue is sufficiently spread and uniform dissolution in steel ingot, unevenly assembles and is precipitated to reduce the subsequent carbide of material,
Complete the high temperature homogenization processing of material.
Step 4: the ingot slow cool for completing high temperature homogenization is cooled to 1000-1050 DEG C of forging temperature of material, select
The suitable forging press of tonnage is forged, forging is pulled out so that the size progress of big forging ratio (being not less than 6) and requirement is repeatedly blunt, obtains fine and close
Property height and etc. the good mold steel forgings of tropisms, later by forging with 800-840 DEG C of progress full annealing processing.
Step 5: being heated to 1050-1100 DEG C of solid solubility temperature of material to the forging of step 4,200-300 minutes are kept the temperature；
Later by slow cooling of forged piece to about 850 DEG C of progress spheroidizing processing, the tissue imperceptibility processing of forging is completed, it is subtle to obtain tissue
Uniformly, compactness and the good mould steel finished product of tropisms is waited.
Step 6: to the mould steel finished product of step 5 implement it is comprehensive examine detection, including it is chemical component, micro- pure
Degree, ultrasonic examination, impact flexibility, grain size, banded structure, annealing microstructure outer dimension and surface quality etc., check
Warehousing after passing.It is specific to examine project and standard as follows:
One, chemical component
1. the trade mark and chemical component (heat analysis) the Ying Fuhe table 1 of steel provides
Table 1-- chemical component (wt.%)
| Steel grade | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | P | S |
| HS7 | 0.41-0.45 | 0.45-0.55 | 0.30-0.60 | 6.40-6.80 | 1.20-1.40 | 0.75-0.85 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.003 |
2. the chemical component deviation of finished steel or base should meet 222 respective specified of GB/T, residual elements and gas content
2 regulation table 2-- residual elements (wt.%) of table and gas content (ppm) should be met
Two, the condition of delivery and annealing hardness
Steel need to carry out high temperature homogenization+tissue imperceptibility processing, annealing hardness before annealing with the delivery of spheroidizing state
Value≤220HB.
Three, micro- degree of purity
Each smelting furnace number is being equivalent to ingot head or is cutting on macro coupon, and 10561 standard of GB/T is checked and accepted, and examines
As a result it should meet the regulation of table 3.
3 field trash of table evaluates rank
Four, ultrasonic examination
Steel of delivering goods require all flaw detections to guarantee quality, execute according to SEP1921 standard requirements E/e, result must not
With the presence of white point, crackle, shrinkage cavity, bubble, be mingled with the defects of.
Five, impact flexibility
Non-notch sample impact experiment is executed by NADCA#207-90, and sampling method and processing request are held by standard regulation
Row.Sample final size: 7mm × 10mm × 55mm, and polishing, pay attention to guaranteeing 7mm × 10mm plane it is parallel with rod iron axial direction (or
It is parallel with square steel length direction), the direction sample 55mm is square steel thickness direction.
The ballistic work index of two kinds of samples should meet the regulation of table 4.
Table 4
Six, grain size
Grain size test is executed by GB/T 6394, using direct quenching method, (according to non-protected in protective medium
Property medium, sample should suitably there are machining allowance) austenitizing at 1030 DEG C, keep the temperature 30min, medium or rapid quenching, then
In not less than 590 DEG C tempering, reach hardness using state hardness range.Grain size number is obtained using comparison method, grain size >=7
Grade is qualified.
Seven, banded structure
Banded structure sampling point is center portion, sampling method and processing request with " micro- degree of purity ", viewing surface and steel ingot
Axial parallel (or parallel with length direction), is prepared by metallographic phase sample step, the nitric acid alcohol that corrosive agent is 4%.Amplify when detection
Multiple is 50 ×, annealed structure executes (SB1-SB4 be qualification) according to NADCA#207-2006 banded segregation standard diagram.
Eight, Aliquation carbide
Aliquation carbide is observed on banded structure sample, entire viewing surface should not observe Aliquation carbide in principle,
Aliquation carbide if it exists, size are considered as qualification no more than 5 μm.
Nine, annealed structure
Annealed structure sampling method and processing request with " micro- degree of purity ", viewing surface it is parallel with steel ingot axial direction (or with length
It is parallel to spend direction, as longitudinal tissue), identical as " micro- degree of purity " sampling point and direction, amplification factor is 500 when detection
×, it is contrasted by NADCA#207-2006 annealing microstructural criteria map inspection, annealed structure is not higher than AS7, must weigh more than AS7
New processing.
Ten, size, shape and surface quality
1. permissible variation in dimension: length >=2500mm, thickness 100-200mm, 0/+6,200-400mm, 0/+10；Width
500-800mm, 0/+20,800-1000mm, 0/+25
2. shape tolerance: 1) fillet: thickness or width≤300mm steel, edges and corners fillet answer R≤5, thickness or
Steel, the edges and corners fillet of width G T.GT.GT 300mm answers R≤10.2) curvature :≤5mm/M, total 3 ‰/L of curvature.3) both ends of the surface:
Sawing is straight, and saw gradient maximum must not exceed 5mm.4) other: steel are not allow for obviously reversing, and steel side and plane must bases
Sheet is vertical, does not allow into parallelogram.
3. surface quality: face crack, the defects of folding, scab, being mingled with, should remove, and oxide skin is removed clean.
New exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7 has entered that promote stage, material preliminary using effect early period good.According to material
The verification test situation of material, comprehensive related identification, now by HS7 with and two kinds of materials of H13 main performance index comparative illustration such as
Under:
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for those of ordinary skills, Ke Yili
Solution without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can to these embodiments carry out it is a variety of variation, modification, replacement and
Modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of new exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7, compositional characteristic are: the mould steel includes following weight percent
Than raw material: C 0.41-0.45%；Si 0.45-0.55%；Mn 0.35-0.45%；Cr 6.40-6.80%；Mo 1.20-
1.40%；V 0.75-0.85%；Remaining is Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurity.
2. steps are as follows for a kind of preparation method of new exclusive hot stamping die steel HS7:
Step 1: selected raw material is placed in melting in electric arc furnaces, smelting temperature is 1510-1550 DEG C, duration of heat 250-300
Minute, LF furnace is transferred to after sample detection molten iron composition is substantially up to standard again and carries out ladle refining 60-80 minutes, in the process again to composition
Necessary fine tuning is carried out, is then carried out vacuum outgas 30-40 minutes in VD vacuum degassing furnace.By being protected after refining
It is poured steel ingot under gas condition, carries out annealing destressing processing, so completion steel ingot (electrode after steel ingot is cooling with 800-840 DEG C
Base) production.
Step 2: the electrode billet of step 1 is placed into progress electroslag remelting processing in the electroslag refining furnace with protective atmosphere,
It needs again to make annealing treatment steel ingot to eliminate stress with 800-840 DEG C after completing remelting.
Step 3: the Heating Steel Ingots through electroslag remelting are kept the temperature 300-350 minutes to 1250-1300 DEG C (center to temperature), complete
The high temperature homogenization of material is handled.
Step 4: the ingot slow cool for completing high temperature homogenization is cooled to 1000-1050 DEG C of forging temperature of material, forging is selected
The suitable forging press of tonnage, with big forging ratio (being not less than 6) and desired size progress is repeatedly blunt pulls out forging, later by forging with
800-840 DEG C of progress full annealing processing.
Step 5: being heated to 1050-1100 DEG C of solid solubility temperature of material to the forging of step 4,200-300 minutes are kept the temperature；Later
By slow cooling of forged piece to about 850 DEG C of progress spheroidizing processing, the tissue imperceptibility processing of forging is completed, mould steel finished product is obtained.
Step 6: to the mould steel finished product of step 5 implement it is comprehensive examine detection, including it is chemical component, micro- degree of purity, super
Sonic flaw detection, impact flexibility, grain size, banded structure, annealing microstructure Aliquation carbide etc., are put in storage after passed examination.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110229997A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-09-13 | 青岛东盛高科模塑技术有限公司 | A kind of plastic steel plate for die and its processing method |
| CN110284055A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-27 | 威海津恒科技有限公司 | A kind of wear resistant automobile stamping part die and preparation method thereof |
| CN110284045A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-09-27 | 天鑫精工科技(威海)有限公司 | A kind of processing method of stamping parts of automobile mold |
| CN110284044A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-09-27 | 天鑫精工科技(威海)有限公司 | A kind of hot stamping die and its processing method |
| CN110512138A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-11-29 | 青岛东盛高科模塑技术有限公司 | A kind of hot stamping die alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110578103A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-12-17 | 天津钢研海德科技有限公司 | Novel plastic die steel with high toughness, high polishing and high corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110964885A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-07 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of tool and die steel with gradient structure |
| CN113817952A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-21 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | Smelting method of low-titanium hot work die steel |
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