CN100500684C - Maple extract and its use in preparation of free radical scavenger or antioxidant - Google Patents
Maple extract and its use in preparation of free radical scavenger or antioxidant Download PDFInfo
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- CN100500684C CN100500684C CNB200610039705XA CN200610039705A CN100500684C CN 100500684 C CN100500684 C CN 100500684C CN B200610039705X A CNB200610039705X A CN B200610039705XA CN 200610039705 A CN200610039705 A CN 200610039705A CN 100500684 C CN100500684 C CN 100500684C
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Abstract
This invention is about maple extracts' use in preparation of free radical scavenging agent and antioxidant. Its characteristic is as followings: in maple extracts, 2,6-2-gallic maple sugar ester is 20-95% in content; Gallicin 1-5%; isodulcitol flavonoid glycoside 1-10% and a little bit of carotenoid, sugar and chlorophyll. Maple extract is more efficient than other free radical scavenging agents and antioxidants. Its ID50 towards the free radical DPPH is no more than 1.0mg/ml. It could be used in various fields as food additives, commodity additives, oxidation resistance, antiaging agent, antiaging agent, sterilization, sulphanilamide and so on. This invention also provides a direction for new drug researches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to maple extract and the application in preparation free-radical scavengers and antioxidant.
Background technology
The botany classification of maple (Acer sp.): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; This genus Anhui common have ten surplus kind, the whole nation has tens kinds.Be characterized in: leaf is to life, and leaf does not split or palmation, the tool petiole; Flower unisexuality, polygamy or both sexes become umbrella room, spike or cyme; Pyrene has samara; Florescence 4, the fruit phase 8 was to October to May.Extensively be distributed in subtropics and area, temperate zone.
These genus seeds are main in the past as viewing and admiring green tree species, commerical tree species; Seed contains grease edible or industrial; The skin of some kind, leaf can be carried tannin extract; Some plants tender leaf can make tea, but up till now not with the natural free-radical scavengers of preparation and the report of antioxidant.
Free radical (free radical) is meant from chemical structure to contain not group, atom or the molecule of sharing electron.Free radical has the height chemically reactive.For life entity, free radical is the intermediate product of multiple biochemical reaction in the vital movement.Under normal circumstances, the intravital free radical of people is to be among the running balance that produces and remove.Free radical is the effective system of defense of body, then can bring disadvantageous effect to the body vital movement as the free radical that can not keep certain level.But free-radical generating too much or removed slowly, and it can cause the various damages of body molecular level, cell levels and histoorgan level by attacking life macromolecule material and various organoid, and the senescence process of acceleration body also brings out various diseases.Up-to-date studies show that, human aging and numerous disease are all relevant with radical damage.Because the unique effect of free-radical scavengers, its research is subjected to increasing attention in recent years.
Free-radical scavengers refers to can be with free radical reaction and make it to be reduced into the material of non-free radical compound, can remove the too much free radical that produces in the body metabolic process, is a kind of important active substances of promoting HUMAN HEALTH.The non-enzyme free-radical scavengers of widespread usage mainly contains vitamin-E, vitamins C, β-carotene and reduced glutathion etc. at present.The enzyme free-radical scavengers mainly contains superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Selenoperoxidase (GSH-Px) etc.Though wherein vitamin-E has certain removing free radical activity but the side effect of the precocious of promotion is arranged; Vitamins C, β-carotene active relatively poor; Enzyme free-radical scavengers then range of application is too narrow.Therefore, people strive to find new and effective free-radical scavengers constantly.
For the free radical that produces in the non-life body, the generation of free radical is subjected to inducing of extraneous light, heat, oxygen or other chemical substances relevant with material molecule.Free-radical scavengers mainly is meant antioxidant in non-life body system.It can stop the oxidation of material to be ruined effectively, the quality guaranteed period for prolonging article, has vital role to be widely used in food, medicine, the household chemicals etc.At present, the antioxidant of application mainly is some artificial sinteticses, and some has been found carcinogenesis in recent years, as: butyl phenylmethylethers (Butyl bydroxy Amsol) etc., just because of this, the research of natural antioxidants in recent years more and more comes into one's own.The natural antioxidants of finding mainly contains at present: tea-polyphenol, sesamol, oryzanal, quercetin, germ oil extract, violaguercitrin etc.Because the present natural antioxidants of finding, some production cost is higher, and some character is unstable inadequately, and very easy self is oxidized as tea-polyphenol, and therefore, its application is subjected to certain restriction.Just because of this, people are constantly seeking the agent of new type natural high-efficiency antioxidant.
Summary of the invention
Be to seek new type natural efficient natural free-radical scavengers and antioxidant, by to Chinese subtropics common 600 surplus kind of plant carried out activity research, found that the extract of maple has very strong removing free radical and anti-oxidant activity.The present invention is intended to, and a kind of maple extract is provided.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of maple extract and the application in preparation free-radical scavengers or antioxidant are provided.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of maple extract is characterized in that: 2, and 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 20-95%; Contain methyl gallate 1-5% simultaneously; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 1-10%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll;
2, the chemical structural formula of the chemical structural formula of 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester, the chemical structural formula of methyl gallate, rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside is as follows:
2, the chemical structural formula of the chemical structural formula methyl gallate of 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester
Maple extract proterties: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is more stable in air; Omit the moisture absorption; Astringent taste slightly; Stable under neutrality, acidic conditions.
It is that raw material extracts that the maple extract adopts bud, leaf or the skin of maple.
One place's maple extract and the application in preparation free-radical scavengers or antioxidant.
A kind of preparation technology's method of maple extract is characterized in that: comprise the following steps
A, bud, leaf or skin drying with maple (Acer sp.), and with the dried feed pulverizing, fineness is more than 20 orders;
B, in the raw material of pulverizing, press 1:6-20 and add extraction agent, under 20 ℃ of above conditions of temperature, intermittence or extract continuously more than 10 minutes, filter extracting solution;
C, with the extracting solution vacuum concentration, thickening temperature is 40-100 ℃, concentrated solution;
D, with the concentrated solution drying, drying temperature is-30 to 170 ℃; Or it is dry again to isolate crystallization after the crystallization; The dry raw extract, in the crude extract 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 20-80%; Contain methyl gallate 1-5% simultaneously; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 1-10%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll;
The crude extract proterties: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is more stable in air; Omit the moisture absorption; Stable under neutrality, acidic conditions;
E, the crude extract essence is carried, smart extracting method is recrystallization method (an also available chromatography) again, essence extract, wherein 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 70-95%.
Extracting solution described in preparation technology's method of above-mentioned maple extract is water or ethanol or water and alcoholic acid mixture; The ratio of described water and alcohol mixture is: 1-0:0-4.
Above-mentioned maple (Acer sp.) be Fructus Aceris davidii (Acer davidii) or
Acer truncatum (Acer truncatum) or
Herb mixtures tea maple (Acer ginnala) or
Acer mono Maxim. (Acer mono) or
Three leaf maples (Acer henryi) or
Acer palmatum (Acer palmatum) or
Triangle maple (Acer buergerianum) or
Purple fruit maple (Acer cordatum).
Discover that maple (Acer sp.) extract has following activity:
A, have the removing free radical activity: preparation extract sample concentration is 0.05,0.1, the 0.15mg/ml methanol solution, measure its removing activity to the DPPH free radical of 1mmol/L down in 517nm, the half that draws its DPPH free radical is as calculated removed concentration less than 0.1mg/ml;
B, antioxygenation: (1) is got 0.5% fresh green tea extract and is sub-packed in 24 25mL bottles, respectively by 0.0,0.05,0.1,0.15mg/ml adds extract of the present invention, vitamins C and tea-polyphenol, under 37 ℃, hatch after the sterilization.Experimental observation shows that the speed that the beverage oxidation of interpolation extract of the present invention under each experimental concentration reddens is significantly less than vitamins C and tea-polyphenol.(2) extract of the present invention, living plain E and tea-polyphenol are added in the concise rapeseed oil by 0.1mg/ml, handle 30 days its POV AV values down in 37 ℃, the result shows that the POV AV value of extract of the present invention is respectively 8.7meq/kg and 2.9mg KOH/g, less than the sample of vitaminize E and tea-polyphenol, illustrate that extract of the present invention is better than vitamin-E and tea-polyphenol to greasy antioxygenation.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is embodied in following several aspect:
1, free-radical scavengers or the antioxidant that adopts raw material of the present invention and processing method to produce opened up new Application Areas of maple and maple extract.Its removing free radical and anti-oxidant activity are strong, are better than natural free-radical scavengers and antioxidant commonly used at present, and it is to the ID of DPPH free radical
50Less than 0.1mg/ml.
2, maple extract of the present invention is that free-radical scavengers and antioxidant purposes are wide, can be used as foodstuff additive, daily necessities additive, play anti-oxidant, anti-aging, fresh-keeping, brighten, effects such as sterilization, anti-inflammatory, be that further new drug research exploitation can be carried out in the basis with the present invention.
3, the product cost of processing method production of the present invention is low.
4, easy, the process stabilizing of production technique of the present invention, easy-regulating, success ratio height.
5, small investment of production equipment of the present invention is taken up an area of little, no three wastes problem, is particularly suited for medium-sized and small enterprises and adopts.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done to describe further.
Embodiment 1:
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of Fructus Aceris davidii (Acer davidii) April to May; Or gather the Ye Heya of maple April to October.
Fructus Aceris davidii (Acer davidii): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The bark brown, normal lobe, sprig is carefully thin; Leaf does not divide, long 2 to 8 centimetres of petiole; Brightly yellowish green, polygamy, male flower and hermaphrodite flower homophyletic often become descending raceme; Light green when samara is tender, tawny when ripe; April at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in the north subtropical area; Be a kind of commerical tree species; Bark, leaf are for extracting the tannin extract raw material, and tender leaf can be made tea.
2, raw materials pretreatment:
With the raw material of gathering, suspended dry 5 minutes 130 ℃ of temperature downstream, be in store for.Also can be undertaken, but temperature is low as far as possible, in order to avoid brown stain by general processing method of green tea.
3, extracts active ingredients:
Raw material pulverizing to 40 orders, is then added entry and ethanol (water is 0:1 with the ratio of alcohol) extraction twice in 1:8, under 30 ℃ of temperature condition, the adverse current lixiviate; Carrying out slag liquid simultaneously separates; Extracting solution obtains the extract that tool is removed free radical and anti-oxidant activity through 50 ℃ of vacuum concentration, low temperature crystallization, centrifugation ,-30 ℃ (initial) after 20 ℃ of (end) lyophilizes, pulverizing.
The main component of the extract of slightly carrying comprises: 2, and 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 50%; Methyl gallate 1%; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 8%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll.
The extract proterties of slightly carrying is: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is more stable in air; Omit the moisture absorption; Astringent taste slightly; Stable under neutrality, acidic conditions.
The crude extract essence is carried, smart extracting method is a recrystallization method again, gets essence extract, and its main component is 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester, and content is 90%.
2, the chemical structural formula of the chemical structural formula methyl gallate of 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester
Embodiment 2
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of acer truncatum (Acer truncatum) April to May; Or gather the Ye Heya of maple April to October.
Acer truncatum (Acer truncatum): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The wealthy circle of tree crown, the dark lobe of bark, sprig is to life; Leaf normal 5 splits, to life, and long 3 to 5 centimetres of petiole; Brightly yellowish green, polygamy, male flower and hermaphrodite flower homophyletic, Chang Chengwu hair corymb; Light green when samara is tender is yellowish or filbert when ripe; April at florescence, really August phase.This tree extensively is distributed in the north subtropical area; Be a kind of nectariferous plant; Tender leaf is edible, also can make tea, and hypotensive activity is arranged, and also can make feed etc.
2, raw materials pretreatment:
With the raw material of gathering, baking is 15 minutes under 90 ℃ of temperature, dries under 50-60 ℃ of temperature condition then; Be in store for.
3, extracts active ingredients:
Raw material pulverizing to 120 orders, is then added entry and ethanol (water is 1:0 with the ratio of alcohol) in 1:10, under 130 ℃ of temperature condition, the lixiviate of pressurizeing; Carrying out slag liquid with filtration or press filtration or centrifugal or cascade filtration after the lixiviate separates; Slag can carry out extracted many times by 1:3-6; Extracting solution is through 40 ℃ of concentrating under reduced pressure, 160 ℃ of spraying dryings, obtains the extract that tool is removed free radical and anti-oxidant activity after pulverizing.
The main component of the extract of slightly carrying comprises: 2, and 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 80%; Methyl gallate 5%; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 3%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll.
The extract proterties of slightly carrying is: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is more stable in air; Omit the moisture absorption; Astringent taste slightly; Stable under neutrality, acidic conditions.
The crude extract essence is carried, smart extracting method is a recrystallization method again, gets essence extract, and its main component is 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester, content 95%.
Embodiment 3
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of herb mixtures tea maple (Acer ginnala) April to May; Or gather the Ye Heya of maple April to October.
Herb mixtures tea maple (Acer ginnala): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The tree crown circle, the little lobe of bark, sprig is carefully thin; Leaf not obvious 3 to 5 splits or does not split, and to life, petiole is about 4 centimetres; The flower polygamy, male flower and hermaphrodite flower homophyletic, long 3 centimetres of corymb; Yellowish green or the tawny of samara; May at florescence, really October phase.This tree extensively is distributed in the subtropical zone; It is a kind of nectariferous plant; Bark, leaf are for extracting the tannin extract raw material, and tender leaf can be made tea, and hypotensive activity is arranged, and also can make feed etc.
2, raw materials pretreatment:
With the raw material of gathering, baking is 10 minutes under 100 ℃ of temperature, dries under 50-60 ℃ of temperature condition then; Be in store for.Also can be undertaken, but temperature is low as far as possible, in order to avoid brown stain by general processing method of green tea.
3, extracts active ingredients:
Raw material pulverizing to 120 orders, is then added entry and ethanol (water is 1:4 with the ratio of alcohol) in 1:20, under 80-100 ℃ of temperature condition, carry out the reflux lixiviate; Carrying out slag liquid with filtration or press filtration or centrifugal or cascade filtration after the lixiviate separates; Extracting solution obtains the extract that tool is removed free radical and anti-oxidant activity after 50 ℃ of vacuum concentration, low temperature crystallization, centrifugation, drying, pulverizing.
The main component of the extract of slightly carrying comprises: 2, and 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 40%; Methyl gallate 1%; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 1%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll.
The extract proterties of slightly carrying is: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is more stable in air; Omit the moisture absorption; Astringent taste slightly; Stable under neutrality, acidic conditions.
The crude extract essence is carried, smart extracting method is a recrystallization method again, gets essence extract, and its main component is 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester, content 75%.
Embodiment 4
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of Acer mono Maxim. (Acer mono) April to May; Or gather Ye Heya, the skin of maple April to October.
Acer mono Maxim. (Acer mono): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The tree crown circle, the normal lobe of bark, sprig is carefully thin; Leaf normal 5 splits, and 3 to 7 decomposite leafs are born on the same tree sometimes, to life, and long 4 to 6 centimetres of petiole, carefully thin; Floral leaf is open simultaneously, the flower polygamy, and ovary aplasia in the male flower, style is very short; Purple green when samara is tender, faint yellow when ripe; May at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in north subtropical and area, temperate zone; Be a kind of nectariferous plant; Branch, leaf are used as medicine, and cure mainly treating rheumatic ostealgia, fracture, wound.
2, raw materials pretreatment: with embodiment 3;
3, extracts active ingredients: with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of three leaf maples (Acer henryi) April to May; Or gather the Ye Heya of maple April to October.
Three leaf maples (Acer henryi): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The tree crown circle, bark is filbert, and sprig is purple green; Three leaflets are formed compound leaf, leaflet ellipse or oblong, and the terminal leaflet petiole is about 1 centimetre, and adnation leaflet petiole is about 3 centimetres; Raceme is sagging, flower unisexuality, dioecy; The flower light green; Purple green when samara is tender, tawny when ripe; April at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in north subtropical and area, temperate zone; Bark, leaf, fruit contain tannin, can extract tannin extract; But tree root dispelling the wind and dampness pathogens arthrodynia.
2, raw materials pretreatment: with embodiment 1;
3, extracts active ingredients: with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6:
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of Acer palmatum (Acer palmatum) April to May; Or gather the Ye Heya of maple April to October.
Acer palmatum (Acer palmatum): the defoliation small arbor that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The bark Dark grey; Sprig is carefully thin; Leaf 5 to 9 palmations, to life, petiole is about 4-6 centimetre; The flower purple, polygamy, male flower and hermaphrodite flower homophyletic, the corymb of Chang Chengwu hair; Red-purple when samara is tender, light brown yellow when ripe; May at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in the subtropical zone; It is a kind of ornamental tree species; Root is used as medicine and can treats arthrodynia.
2, raw materials pretreatment: with embodiment 1;
3, extracts active ingredients: with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7:
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of triangle maple (Acer buergerianum) April to May; Or gather Ye Heya, the skin of maple April to October.
Triangle maple (Acer buergerianum): the deciduous tree that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; The tree crown circle, bark brown, strip platelet exfoliation; Leaf top normal 3 is split, and blade back is by white powder, and leaf is to life, and petiole is about 3 centimetres, and is carefully thin, does not have hair; Corymb is given birth on the top, and hermaphrodite flower is faint yellow: the pale brown look of samara, and wing and pyrene are with long; April at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in subtropics and area, temperate zone; Be a kind of commerical tree species; Bark, leaf are for extracting the tannin extract raw material.
2, raw materials pretreatment: with embodiment 2;
3, extracts active ingredients: with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 8:
1, raw material is gathered:
Gather the bud of purple fruit maple (Acer cordatum) April to May; Or gather Ye Heya, the skin of maple April to October.
Purple fruit maple (Acer cordatum): the aiphyllium that belongs to (Acer) for Aceraceae (Aceraceae) maple; Bark is level and smooth, grey or grey black look; Sprig is carefully thin; Leaf normal 5 splits, the smooth nothing hair in the back side, and leaf is to life, and petiole is about 1 centimetre; 3-5 in flower becomes corymb; The flower pale: samara and gives birth on the umbrella room infructescence of hanging down the pyrene projection; May at florescence, really September phase.This tree extensively is distributed in Chinese subtropical zone; For a kind of nectar source, view and admire, commerical tree species; Bark, leaf are for extracting the tannin extract raw material.
2, raw materials pretreatment: with example 1;
3, extracts active ingredients: with example 1.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of maple extract is characterized in that: 2, and 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 20-95%; Contain methyl gallate 1-5% simultaneously; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 1-10%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll;
2, the chemical structural formula of the chemical structural formula of 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester and the chemical structural formula of methyl gallate and rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside is as follows:
2, the chemical structural formula of the chemical structural formula methyl gallate of 6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester
Maple extract proterties: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is stable in the air; Stable under neutrality or acidic conditions;
It is that raw material extracts that the maple extract adopts bud, leaf or the skin of maple.
2, a kind of maple extract according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described maple be Fructus Aceris davidii or
Acer truncatum or
The herb mixtures tea maple or
Acer mono Maxim. or
Three leaf maples or
Acer palmatum or
The triangle maple or
Purple fruit maple.
3, according to the application in preparation free-radical scavengers or antioxidant of the maple extract of claim 1.
4, according to preparation technology's method of the described a kind of maple extract of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps
A, bud, leaf or skin drying with maple, and with the dried feed pulverizing, fineness is more than 20 orders;
B, in the raw material of pulverizing, press 1:6-20 and add extraction agent, under 20 ℃ of above conditions of temperature, intermittence or extract continuously more than 10 minutes, filter extracting solution;
C, with the extracting solution vacuum concentration, thickening temperature is 40-100 ℃, concentrated solution;
D, with the concentrated solution drying, drying temperature is-30 to 170 ℃; Or it is dry again to isolate crystallization after the crystallization; The dry raw extract, in the crude extract 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 20-80%; Contain methyl gallate 1-5% simultaneously; Rhamnosyl flavonoid glycoside 1-10%; A spot of carotenoid, carbohydrate and chlorophyll;
The crude extract proterties: white is to the oyster amorphous powder; Dry sample is stable in the air; Stable under neutral or acidic conditions;
E, the crude extract essence is carried, smart extracting method is a recrystallization method again, essence extract, wherein 2,6-2 gallic acid maple sugar ester content 70-95%;
Described extracting solution is a water, or ethanol, or water and alcoholic acid mixture.
5, preparation technology's method of a kind of maple extract according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the ratio of described water and alcohol mixture is: 1-0:0-4.
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| CNB200610039705XA CN100500684C (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2006-04-13 | Maple extract and its use in preparation of free radical scavenger or antioxidant |
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| CN100500684C true CN100500684C (en) | 2009-06-17 |
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| CA2808679C (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2022-06-14 | Federation Des Producteurs Acericoles Du Quebec | Novel phytochemicals from extracts of maple syrups and maple trees and uses thereof |
| US20130310332A1 (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2013-11-21 | University Of Rhode Island | Maple tree-derived products and uses thereof |
| JP2014172888A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-22 | Kose Corp | Intracellular oxidative stress inhibiting agent containing extract from acer ginnala |
| CN103705555B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-04-27 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | A kind of property prepared based on supercritical extraction is separated the method for flavone in blue or green Folium Alangii |
| CN103705554B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-07-06 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | A kind of based on the method for total flavones in the blue or green Folium Alangii of ultrasonic assistant extraction |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| biological activity of bioactive components. yong hwa.bull korean chem soc,Vol.26 No.9. 2005 * |
| ethyl m-digallate. mamdouh.journal of chemical ecology,Vol.27 No.12. 2001 * |
| the structure of acertannin. klaus.phytochemistry,Vol.19 . 1980 * |
| 槭属植物化学成分研究评述. 马希汉等.西北林学院学报，第13卷第1期. 1998 * |
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