CN100494115C - 一种制备石膏墙板的方法和一种粘接组合物 - Google Patents
一种制备石膏墙板的方法和一种粘接组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过混合半水合硫酸钙(灰泥)和水形成浆液来制备石膏板。比表面积低于0.3m2/g的未煅烧石膏被加入浆液,然后将浆液排放至载体上,从而形成一张石膏板。
Description
本发明涉及生产粘接产品如预制建筑组件的方法和装置。这种产品的实例包括石膏板、隔板、天花板、玻璃增强石膏板和石膏纤维板。
诸如石膏板的产品由基本原料、纸板式纸、石膏(灰泥)、水、淀粉和诸如促凝剂和泡沫材料的添加剂制得。也可加入石膏板制造领域内已知的其它添加剂,如缓凝剂(如蛋白质、有机酸)、粘度调节剂(如超增塑剂)、阻燃剂、防水化学物(如聚硅氧烷,蜡乳状液)、玻璃纤维、防火增强剂(如蛭石、粘土和/或0煅制氧化硅)和聚合化合物(如PVA,PVOH)。墙板或石膏板是覆盖着纸板的大而薄的石膏板。
使用的石膏或由天然石膏(二水合硫酸钙)制得,或由一些化学工艺的副产品合成石膏制得,通常为β型。应用最普遍的副产品形态源自许多燃煤发电站中使用的烟气脱硫工艺,被称为脱硫石膏(DSG),其一般是纯度高于95%的石膏。在很难得到DSG的地方,其它高质量合成形态石膏,诸如磷石膏和钛石膏也可使用
合成石膏运到石膏板厂时,已经处于特定形态。然而,它通常游离水含量高,一般在进行下一阶段煅烧之前要进行干燥。将天然石膏粉碎是必需的,通常在此阶段要使天然石膏干燥。称为煅烧的下一阶段(使用天然石膏或合成石膏)除去结晶中的化合水以生产石膏粉(灰泥)。这使二水合硫酸钙化合物(石膏)转化为半水合硫酸钙,通常称为灰泥、煅烧石膏或“熟石膏(Plaster of Paris)”。
然后石膏粉与水混合形制成浆液。然后将生产的浆液加到连续片式纸板上,覆盖第二层纸板,然后通过模制平台成型为封闭带。石膏板带最初是软的,但随后因半水合硫酸钙重新水合转化为二水合硫酸钙而快速凝固,变硬,并被切割成单个的板。根据需要将板干燥并完成。
尽管浆液是被灌入模具以得到理想的形状和大小,制造天花板和隔板采用相同的工艺。如果需要纤维板,浆液也含纤维,如纤维素,纸或玻璃纤维。
可通过许多添加剂来控制浆液的凝固和硬化。一般应用晶种促凝剂(异相成核)使浆液快速凝固。晶种促凝剂一般是特意磨碎而具有高比表面积(应用BET/氮气表面积分析大于1.5m2/g,一般为3-5m2/g)的二水合硫酸钙(石膏)。此外,使用共研磨剂改善这种促凝剂的效能和浓度。刚与水混合时,这些共研磨剂也能保护二水合硫酸钙促凝剂暂时不作为成核位置。对于石膏板生产,使用0.1-2%(w:w灰泥)的晶种促凝剂,但一般使用0.5%(w:w灰泥)。另外可溶性盐如硫酸钾(K2SO4)是已知的促凝剂,它能有利地影响硫酸钙溶液的溶解动力学。
已知为了生产具有改进吸声特性的石膏板,需要使用低纯度(通常为<90%的天然石膏)。存在于低纯度石膏中的杂质,尤其是粘土,被认为能通过改善内阻尼特性和降低板硬度而提高它的吸声性能。此外,使用低纯度天然石膏时,生产石膏板所必需增加的石膏质量也改进了吸声性能。然而,存在于低纯度天然石膏中的其它杂质会使原料难于处理。例如,需要使用阻燃剂,增加淀粉或水的用量,或使用其它添加剂以抵销这些有害杂质存在的影响。已知仅增加由高纯度石膏制成石膏板的质量会导致不需要的较高板硬度。
本发明的目的是缓解上述与生产石膏板产品有关的问题。
根据本发明,提供一种制备石膏板的方法,包括步骤:
a)将半水合硫酸钙(灰泥)与水混合,形成含水浆液,
b)把未煅烧石膏加入所述浆液,
c)将浆液排放至载体上,以形成一张石膏板,其中,所述未煅烧石膏的比表面积低于0.3m2/g。
未煅烧DSG(合成石膏)颗粒用作石膏板浆液中的惰性填料。颗粒的表面积太大而不能与水发生有效程度反应,这样仅保持为微粒分散在石膏板混合物中。此方法有利于生产具有改进吸声性能的板。在生产工厂很容易得到DSG。DSG用做惰性填料会提供成本利益,因为作为填料的其它原料无需获得。
如果未煅烧石膏作为惰性填料加入浆液前没有干燥,那么它固有水分提供整个生产工艺需要较少水的优点。这也提供节约成本的好处。
优选未煅烧石膏的比表面积在0.1-0.3m2/g内。
优选未煅烧石膏的比表面积在0.1-0.2m2/g内。
优选未煅烧石膏在被加入所述浆液之前进行干燥。
存在于未煅烧石膏和灰泥组合物中的未煅烧石膏的重量为组合物重量的约5-50%。
存在于未煅烧石膏和灰泥组合物中的未煅烧石膏更优选的重量为组合物重量的约10-30%。
存在于未煅烧石膏和灰泥组合物中的未煅烧石膏更优选的重量为组合物重量的约10-20%。
组合物可进一步包含已经被压碎或碾碎的,添加到浆液为墙板混合物提供附加体积的现有墙板。
未煅烧石膏可是合成石膏。
同样根据本发明,提供一种粘接组合物,它包含灰泥、未煅烧石膏和水的混合物,其中至少一些未煅烧石膏的比表面积低于0.3m2/g,粒度分布在0.1-1000微米内。
现在将参考下述附图通过实施例描述本发明:
图1是根据本发明实施方案的设备简图。
图2是说明现有技术中生产标准石膏板方法的流程图。
图3是说明本发明实施方案的流程图。
图3a是说明本发明另一实施方案的流程图。
图4是未煅烧合成石膏的粒度分布(PSD),根据本发明DSG应用于石膏板混合物。
图5显示了本发明中含未煅烧合成石膏,DSG填料的石膏板在100倍放大比率下的微观结构图。
参考图1,第一层纸10从滚筒12供应到传送机或带14上,储存容器16装半水合硫酸钙和水的浆液,储存容器16具有与管道20相连的出口18。仪表与所述管道20连接,用于测量和控制流经管道20的灰泥量。
另一个管道24与所述管道20和另两个储存容器26和28连接。储存容器26和28每个装有用于石膏板工艺的适当添加剂。这样的添加剂可包含加入已知量以促进生产的缓凝剂(如蛋白质、有机酸)、粘度调节剂(如超增塑剂)、阻燃剂、防水化学物(如聚硅氧烷,蜡乳状液)、玻璃纤维、防火增强剂(如蛭石、粘土和/或烟硅石)、聚合化合物(如PVA,PVOH)和其它常规添加剂。
管道24在其出口处与混合器30相连。水容器32与另一添加剂储存容器34的管道36连接。容器34储存另外的添加剂如发泡剂或水。水和灰泥(煅烧石膏)与其它需要的添加剂如促凝剂或缓凝剂在混合器中一起混合。此方法为石膏板生产领域内技术人员所熟知。
未煅烧合成石膏与灰泥混合,然后经由储存容器42直接加入混合器30中。混合器具有出口(未示出),以将其内部混合组分以浆液形式传送到纸10上。
然后混合物通过出口被传送到移动带14上的纸10上。
然后为浆液流提供胶粘剂或粘合剂,且在其上表面提供另一层纸46。因此浆液被夹在两张纸或纸板10和46之间,这两张纸就成为合成石膏板的面层。
合成板的厚度由成型站50控制,随后应用适当的机械设备切割或刻痕折叠,并使薄片纸10,46的搭接边缘胶合来制备板。当形成的浆液传输到正在移动的传输带时,另外的引导装置保持板的厚度和宽度。石膏面板切割后送到干燥器进行干燥。
现在参考图2,简单示出生产石膏板已知方法的流程图。合成石膏以粉状形态运到工厂,它的游离水含量高,需要干燥。潮湿的合成石膏粉41被送入干燥器43,将合成石膏粉中的游离水(湿气)除去,产生干燥的未煅烧石膏粉。一般这样得到的合成石膏的游离水含量为5-25%,其通过专用干磨机处理。这种干磨机能瓦解任何结块,在此处理阶段不粉碎石膏。在大约450℃,热燃烧气用于除去游离湿气,但不会引起石膏的任何煅烧。
称为煅烧的下一阶段45使二水合硫酸钙(CaSO4· 2H2O)转化为半水合硫酸钙(CaSO1· 1/2H2O)。然后煅烧石膏(灰泥)经储存容器16被送入石膏板工艺。
图3的流程图显示了本发明的一个实施方案。在此实施方案中,一些已在干燥器43中干燥的未煅烧合成石膏被移走,并在直接加料到混合器30之前与灰泥混合。
未煅烧合成石膏与浆液混合,这样石膏板混合物含约80%煅烧合成石膏和20%未煅烧合成石膏。然而,10-30%未煅烧合成石膏是优选的,5-50%未煅烧DSG是可接受的。
在发明的这一实施方案中,作为添加剂加入混合器30的未煅烧合成石膏在进入混合器之前就以传统方法干燥过。然而,在发明的另一实施方案中,如图3a所示,合成石膏未经干燥就以含高湿气含量(5-25%游离水)的未处理方式加入到混合器30中的浆液中。可加水改进工艺过程。有利的,本实施方案使此方法需要较少的处理水,取消了干燥步骤,从而降低了成本。
图3a还显示出附加输入再循环石膏板49,它为正在生产的石膏板提供附加体积。此附加体积进一步改进了石膏板的吸声性能。
也可以想象未煅烧石膏作为浆液(也就是与水混合)可直接加入混合器中。
当未煅烧合成石膏被加入混合器时,如通常预料的那样,并不是所有的都作为促凝剂,这是因为石膏颗粒太大并保持惰性。
图4是用于本发明的合成石膏,DSG的典型粒度分布(PSD)。此DSG的比表面积(SSA)低于0.3m2/g。
图5是最终石膏板混合物中未煅烧DSG分布的实施例。DSG颗粒清晰可见,表现为较大暗黑结构51。
有利地,由于本方法中可得到DSG,使用未煅烧DSG来提供附加重量,从而使墙板产生吸声性能,这是具有成本效益的。不需要其它添加剂抵销未煅烧DSG作为填料的影响,因为未煅烧DSG不与方法中的任何组分发生反应,并为改善吸声性能有利地降低了板硬度。因此它作为惰性填料,能有效提供石膏板体积,并因此改善板的吸声性能。
通过实施例进一步描述本发明。下述实施例并不打算限制发明范围。
实施例1
石膏板生产线用于此试验。试验方法为:保持干燥器的蒸发负荷为常数,并调整灰泥和干燥DSG添加物以维持目标板重量。干燥未煅烧DSG以10.2kg/m2板的量加入石膏板混合物。未煅烧DSG颗粒包含表面积在0.1-0.3m2/g之内的颗粒。
表I
基于灰泥和干燥DSG含量计算水表。从上述试验结果明显看出,加入未煅烧DSG提供节水优势,因为如果未煅烧DSG作为惰性填料加入,石膏板生产工艺就需要较少量水。加入高达20%(w:w灰泥)干燥未煅烧DSG对石膏板生产没有或几乎没有有害效果。惊人的是当DSG颗粒保持惰性时,没有观察到另外的过程促凝效果。加入25%(w:w灰泥)干燥未煅烧DSG使蒸发负荷降低0.32kg/m2,这相当于使机械能力和其作业限速提高8.2%。
表II 表示表I试验在生产时间段的过程进料速率,还是基于灰泥和干燥DSG含量计算水表。
表II
时间 | 10:26 | 10:36 | 10:51 | 11:02 | 11:13 | 11:16 | |
干燥DSG加入物 | (%w:w灰泥) | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 25 |
干燥DSG原料 | (kg/min) | 0 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 66 | 66 |
灰泥原料 | (T/hr) | 18.7 | 18.7 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.1 |
泡沫水 | (l/min) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
总水 | (l/min) | 194 | 194 | 180 | 181 | 180 | 180 |
带速 | (m/min) | 28.3 | 29.5 | 29.1 | 29.2 | 30.1 | 30.1 |
泡沫浓度加入物 | (l/min) | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
促凝剂 | (kg/mn) | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.67 | 2.96 | 2.68 |
淀粉加入物 | (kg/min) | 1.24 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
玻璃纤维加入物 | (kg/min) | 0.5 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.52 |
超增塑剂加入物 | (l/min) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
缓凝剂 | (l/min) | 2 | 2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
水表 | % | 63.6 | 63.6 | 56.4 | 56.7 | 55.8 | 55.8 |
实施例2
在生产线上进行石膏板试验,本发明要生产吸声板(即具有隔音性能的板)。石膏板包含合成灰泥和20wt%干燥未煅烧DSG。此板随后进行吸声性能测试,表III显示了标准100%煅烧DSG板和由具有吸声性能的天然岩石制成的标准吸声板的对比。
表III 在无填料70S50石膏结构双头螺柱上的双层12.5mm板的加权空气载声降低指数(Rw)
(根据BS EN ISO 140-3:1995进行试验)
从上述试验结果明显看出,与由100%煅烧DSG制得的板相比,加入作为惰性填料的未煅烧DSG能改善板的吸声性能。此外,这一性能类似于使用低纯度天然岩石制得的板。
实施例3
在实验室进行石膏板生产试验,本发明测量在DSG合成灰泥中加入干燥未煅烧DSG的凝固时间。水表为70%(ml:100g灰泥),加入0.35%促凝剂和0.5%淀粉(w:w灰泥)。
表IV 凝固时间和粘和结果
另外,加入高达20wt%未煅烧DSG对含水石膏浆液的凝固时间或对石膏板的粘和没有不利影响。
Claims (19)
1、一种制备石膏墙板的方法,包括步骤:
a)将半水合硫酸钙即灰泥与水混合,形成含水浆液,
b)把未煅烧石膏加入所述浆液,
c)将浆液排放至载体上,使得形成一张石膏板,
其中,所述未煅烧石膏的比表面积低于0.3m2/g,粒度分布在0.1-1000微米内。
2、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧石膏的比表面积在0.1-0.3m2/g内。
3、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧石膏的比表面积在0.1-0.2m2/g内。
4、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧石膏在被加入所述浆液之前进行干燥。
5、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧石膏与水混合并作为浆液加入灰泥和水的混合物中。
6、如前述任一权利要求所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中存在的未煅烧石膏的重量是半水合硫酸钙重量的5-50%。
7、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中存在的未煅烧石膏的重量是半水合硫酸钙重量的10-25%。
8、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中存在于组合物中未煅烧石膏的量是半水合硫酸钙重量的20%。
9、如权利要求1所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧石膏是合成石膏。
10、如权利要求9所述的制备石膏墙板的方法,其中未煅烧合成石膏是脱硫石膏。
11、根据权利要求1的方法,其中现有石膏墙板被压碎到适当大小并被加入浆液中为墙板混合物提供附加体积。
12、一种粘接组合物,包含灰泥、水和脱硫石膏的混合物,其中至少一些脱硫石膏的比表面积小于0.3m2/g,粒度分布在0.1-1000微米内。
13、根据权利要求12的粘接组合物,其中存在于组合物中的脱硫石膏的量为灰泥重量的5-50%。
14、根据权利要求12的粘接组合物,其中存在于组合物中的脱硫石膏的量为灰泥重量的10-30%。
15、根据权利要求12的粘接组合物,其中存在于组合物中的脱硫石膏的量为灰泥重量的10-20%。
16、根据权利要求12的粘接组合物,其中存在于组合物中的脱硫石膏的量为灰泥重量的20%。
17、根据权利要求12的粘接组合物,进一步包含已经被压碎或碾碎的,添加到浆液为墙板混合物提供附加体积的现有墙板。
18、由权利要求1的方法生产的粘接墙板。
19、含权利要求12的组合物的粘接墙板。
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DE69902579D1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 2002-09-26 | Bpb Plc Slough | Gebrauchsfertige zementzusammensetsung |
US5980627A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-11-09 | Gaetan Marcoux | Production of commercially useful materials for waste gypsum boards |
US6221151B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-04-24 | National Gypsum Company | Gypsum set accelerator and method of making the same |
US6443256B1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-09-03 | Usg Interiors, Inc. | Dual layer acoustical ceiling tile having an improved sound absorption value |
US20020181325A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-05 | Engel David J | Mixer seal and bearing apparatus and method |
GB0130697D0 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-02-06 | Placoplatre S A | Plasterboard |
-
2003
- 2003-06-24 GB GB0314655A patent/GB0314655D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-06-23 WO PCT/GB2004/002681 patent/WO2005000769A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-06-23 EP EP20040743032 patent/EP1636146A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-23 MY MYPI20042453A patent/MY144347A/en unknown
- 2004-06-23 GB GB0413989A patent/GB2403218B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-23 CA CA 2530324 patent/CA2530324C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-23 US US10/561,708 patent/US8968621B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-23 RU RU2006102656/03A patent/RU2006102656A/ru unknown
- 2004-06-23 CN CNB2004800229890A patent/CN100494115C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-08 GB GB0624502A patent/GB0624502D0/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2530324A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
GB0314655D0 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
WO2005000769A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
GB2403218B (en) | 2007-12-19 |
GB2403218A (en) | 2004-12-29 |
US20060150868A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1636146A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
GB0624502D0 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
MY144347A (en) | 2011-09-15 |
US8968621B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
CA2530324C (en) | 2014-05-06 |
CN1956933A (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
GB0413989D0 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
RU2006102656A (ru) | 2007-08-10 |
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