CN100476191C - 一种具有旁线路的船用蒸汽分离器 - Google Patents
一种具有旁线路的船用蒸汽分离器 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/20—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines characterised by means for preventing vapour lock
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
- F02B61/04—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
- F02M37/007—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel characterised by its use in vehicles, in stationary plants or in small engines, e.g. hand held tools
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
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Abstract
在燃油供给系统中,液态燃油是从燃油箱(10)供给到船用发动机。燃油首先穿过滤水器(14)和提升泵(18),暂时存放在蒸汽分离器(20)中,燃油在此释放的蒸汽被收集、排放。高压泵(30)从蒸汽分离器(20)中抽取液态燃油,并在压力下通过燃油输送管道(34)将其输送到发动机喷射系统(36)中。高压泵(30)与发动机喷射系统(36)之间的燃油压力时刻进行监测,以便确定发动机喷射系统(36)是否拥有多于发动机有效工作所需的燃油。如果高压泵(30)供给了多于所需的燃油,不需要的燃油通过旁线路(40)返回到蒸汽分离器(20)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及一种在压力下为海运船只内燃机提供燃油的系统。更具体地,本发明涉及如何来控制燃油提供给海运船只内的燃油喷射系统的问题。
背景技术
在船用发动机的燃料供给系统中,特别是在所谓船内和船尾驱动型发动机的燃料供给系统中,在各种工作状态下不间断地提供燃油流量常常是一件十分困难的事情。由于工作环境通常十分炎热,如果未经严格控制,就会导致燃油蒸发。燃油供给必须与船用发动机的运转周期兼容,这种运转周期具有在时常被急剧的加速或减速打断的稳定转速(RPM)下长时间工作的特征。在整个如此周期和状态下,燃油都需要能够不间断地提供给发动机。
另外,海上应用又常常遭受剧烈的摇摆和振荡的影响,燃油输送系统必须设计牢固,并需要加固,确保即使在恶劣的工作环境下也不会发生燃油泄漏。在极端情况下,海运船只上泄漏的燃油可能会引起火灾,此时不论船只位于何处或气候状况如何,人员都必须立即撤离。
因此,在这种工作条件下,满足船用发动机的燃油需求并同时考虑上述安全问题着实是一种挑战。本申请人在美国专利第6,257,208号中介绍了一种早期为船用发动机提供燃油的技术,其内容包括在此的参考文献中。按照这一技术,一种高压燃油泵向发动机喷射系统连续地输送足够数量的燃油,满足发动机在所谓“全油门(full throttle)”时的需求。一旦发动机的燃油需求小于“全油门”时,不需要的燃油可以通过一条回油管路从发动机喷射系统返回到蒸汽分离器中。
这种再循环技术正代表着目前的技术发展水平现状。人们认为,发动机喷射系统中的热燃料通过与蒸汽分离器中的液态燃料再混合,可冷却到一个不易挥发的温度,这样,任何燃料蒸汽均可排放到系统之外。
这种技术的一个缺点在于需要使用高质量和耐用元件设计和建造回油管路和相关的配件,防止燃料供给系统在不可预见的使用期限内发生可能的燃料泄漏。这不仅会增加燃料供给系统的成本,还会增大泄漏的风险,对于工作环境恶劣、使用期限超过生产者推荐时间的系统尤其如此。
发明内容
本发明消除了不需要的燃油在发动机喷射系统中的再循环,克服了早期技术所存在的缺点。这同时也省掉了早期技术中所增加的回油管路设计及其建造费用,降低了燃油泄漏的风险。
根据本发明,船用发动机的燃油供给系统包括一个蒸汽分离器,从燃油箱接收液态燃油和收集燃油释放的蒸汽;一个具有燃油进口的高压泵,从蒸汽分离器和燃油出口抽取液态燃油;和一条燃油输送管路,在压力下将燃油出口的燃油输送到一个发动机喷射系统中。本发明的特征在于具有一条旁线路,它延伸在燃油输送管路与蒸汽分离器之间,在过量燃油到达发动机喷射系统之前将其返回到蒸汽分离器。采用这种方式,超过发动机喷射系统所需的过量燃油将直接返回到蒸汽分离器,从而省却了不需要的燃油在发动机喷射系统中的再循环。
通过省却掉早期技术中的回油管路,而在原位代之以一条新的旁线路,可能的燃油泄漏点的个数便得以明显地减少。
本发明还对当前技术现状的猜测,即发动机喷射系统中的热燃料必须通过与蒸汽分离器中的液态燃料再混合使其冷却到一个不易挥发的温度,这样,任何燃料蒸汽便可排放到系统之外的观点进行了挑战。本发明人发现,鉴于当今的清洁燃烧,在目前洁净空气立法下,这个热燃料问题有些言过其实。实际上,只有在发动机长时间闲置时才会成问题的热燃料,在使用根据本发明的燃油供给系统时就不再是问题了。
附图说明
随同所附的附图一起考虑以下的详细介绍,便能容易地理解本发明的其它优点,其中:
图1是本发明的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的装置的立体图。
具体实施方式
参阅附图时,在这几个附图中,相同的数字表示相同或对应的部件,图1从原理上显示了船用内燃机的燃油供给系统。
该燃油供给系统包括一个燃油箱10,油箱过滤管12引导燃油从燃油箱10流向滤水器14,存在于燃油中的任何水分在滤水器14中得以分离。在正常使用时,通常都放置有滤水器14。一条过滤泵管道16将燃油从滤水器14输送到一个低温型提升泵18,该提升泵18又促使燃油通过泵-分离器管道19到达用标号20表示的蒸汽分离器。
蒸汽分离器20就通过这种相对直接的分配系统从燃油箱10接收液态燃油。蒸汽分离器20的首要任务是收集和排放燃油释放的蒸汽,它被一个密闭的、内部既含液态燃油也含燃油释放的蒸汽的外壳22限定。泵-分离器管道19穿过该外壳22不断地加入更多的液态燃油,蒸汽口24让蒸汽放出。蒸汽口24由一个对蒸汽分离器20中液态燃油数量敏感的浮阀26控制,每当液态燃油将要通过蒸汽口24逃逸时,浮阀26便自动地关闭。除上述情形外,蒸汽口24保持打开,排放燃油蒸汽。
蒸汽分离器20包括一个位于外壳22中、邻近泵-分离器管道19进口点的挡板28,挡板28在外壳中形成一个隔墙,构成一个小的蓄积区域,即使在快速变化和增速/减速状态期间,即有可能引起蒸汽分离器20剩余区域中燃油激荡时,用来保持高水准的燃油。
高压泵30具有一个燃油进口32,可从位于挡板28之后的蒸汽分离器20蓄积区域抽取液态燃油。高压泵30还有一个通向燃油输送管道34的燃油出口,用来在压力下向标号为36的发动机喷射系统输送燃油。发动机喷射系统36可以是适合于船用发动机(图中未画出)蒸发燃料的任何型号。在通常情况下,发动机喷射系统36包括多个高压油泵38。
只要发动机工作,高压泵30就应该连续工作。高压泵30还应能为发动机的“全油门”状态提供最大的燃油输送和压力。不过,由于发动机不会总是在“全油门”状态下工作,高压泵30将会尝试在其它(不是“全油门”)状态下输送比所需量更多的燃油。
为了缓解在燃油输送管道34、相关配件和发动机喷射系统36内形成额外的压力,一条旁线路40延伸在燃油输送管道34与蒸汽分离器20之间。在过量燃油抵达发动机喷射系统36之前,旁线路40将其返回到蒸汽分离器20,从而可以避免未使用的燃油在发动机喷射系统36中的再循环。
旁线路40包括一个压力调节器42,每当蒸汽分离器20与燃油输送管道34之间的压差超过一个预定值时,压力调节器42关闭。相反地,每当蒸汽分离器20与燃油输送管道34之间的压差降落到低于一个预定值时,压力调节器42打开。压力调节器42配置有一个真空配件44,可以接收发动机(或真空泵)抽提的真空以增强其灵敏度和响应性。
现在来看附图2,图中显示了根据本发明一个优选实施例的燃油供给系统的立体图。在该附图中可以看到,滤水器14、提升泵18、高压泵30、旁线路40和压力调节器42各自整体地支撑在外壳22上,与蒸汽分离器20一起共同构成一个单元。这个“单元”在图2中用标号46表示,在图1中用虚线框表示。在单元46的背面上有安装孔48,以便在海运船只的适当位置进行装配。
在附图上未显示的一个变化例中,蒸汽分离器20和/或任意一个泵18/30可通过一个套管用循环水冷却。
图2更好地显示了新设计的旁线路40非同一般的优点。在图2中,燃油输送管道34的短路径邻接毗邻的高压泵30的出口,可以不必像早期技术型的回油管道那样,必须跨越海运船只上的大片空间方能将燃油返回到蒸汽分离器20。因此,通过消除早期技术的回油管道,在原位代之以紧凑的旁线路40,可能的燃油泄漏点的数目就明显地减少了。而且,早期技术型的回油管道的设计和建造成本以及燃油泄漏的风险也可以显著地降低。如果将旁线路40和压力调节器42整体地与外壳22一起建造,完全将该系统包含在蒸汽分离器20之中,则更为理想。
运行时,首先通过利用提升泵18从燃油箱10中取出液态燃油送到蒸汽分离器20,使得燃油供给到船用发动机。在这一线路中,使用滤水器14将水分从燃油中分离。在蒸汽分离器20中,燃油释放的蒸汽被收集、流到或排放到大气或其它适当的收集系统中。当蒸汽分离器20内液态燃油量达到一个预定高度时,浮阀26能对此做出响应,自动地中断蒸汽的排放,防止液态燃油从蒸汽口24溢出。
高压泵30从蒸汽分离器20抽取液态燃油,在压力下通过燃油输送管道34向发动机喷射系统36输送抽取的液态燃油。高压泵30与发动机喷射系统36之间的燃油压力需要监控,以确定发动机喷射系统是否拥有多于发动机有效运转所需的燃油。假若高压泵30供给了多于所需的燃油,这些过剩的、不需要的燃油将通过与位于发动机喷射系统36上游的燃油输送管道34邻接的旁线路40自动返回到蒸汽分离器20中。所以,超过发动机所需的过量燃油在其到达发动机喷射系统36之前已返回到蒸汽分离器20中。
这一点是通过沿旁线路40的压力调节器42的作用实现的,后者的作用是当蒸汽分离器20中的压力大于输送到发动机喷射系统36的燃油压力时防止燃油返回到蒸汽分离器20中。相反地,当蒸汽分离器20中的压力大于输送到发动机喷射系统36的燃油压力时,压力调节器42能让燃油返回到蒸汽分离器20中。为了帮助压力调节器42,通过一个真空配件44可以使其利用一个真空。
本发明是用例证的方式介绍的。必须认识到,所有使用的术语意指其描述字的本质,而决非仅限于此。
很明显,根据以上介绍,本发明可能还存在着许多修改和变化。因此,只要在所附权利要求的范围之内,其特征在于早期技术在有特征的新颖性之先,而标号仅仅是为了方便性,决非有任何局限性的含义,本发明也可以使用有别于在此所介绍的方式实施。
Claims (5)
1.一种船用发动机使用的燃油供给系统,它包括:
一个装载液态燃油的燃油箱(10);
一个蒸汽分离器(20),所述蒸汽分离器(20)从燃油箱(10)接收液态燃油,并收集燃油释放的蒸汽;蒸汽分离器(20)包括一个外壳(22);
一个高压泵(30),直接连接蒸汽分离器的外壳(22),所述高压泵(30)具有一个延伸插入所述外壳(22)内并从所述蒸汽分离器抽取液态燃油的燃油进口(32)以及一个燃油出口;
一个接收液态燃油、向船用发动机输送雾化燃油的发动机喷射系统(36),所述发动机喷射系统(36)对液态燃油的需求取决于船用发动机的工作状态;
一条燃油输送管道(34),所述燃油输送管道(34)在压力下从所述高压泵(30)的所述燃油出口向所述发动机喷射系统(36)输送液态燃油;
一条延伸在所述燃油输送管道(34)与所述蒸汽分离器(20)之间的旁线路(40),可将过量的燃油返回到所述蒸汽分离器(20),超过所述发动机喷射系统(36)所需的过量燃油返回到位于所述发动机喷射系统(36)上游的所述蒸汽分离器(20)中;所述旁线路(40)包括一个压力调节器(42),所述压力调节器(42)具有一个对所述蒸汽分离器(20)与所述燃油输送管道(34)之间的预定压差进行响应的密闭环境,可以阻断燃油流经所述旁线路(40);其特征在于,
所述高压泵(30)、旁线路(40)和压力调节器(42)都支撑于所述外壳(22)上,构成一个单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃油供给系统,其特征在于所述压力调节器(42)包括一个真空辅助件(44)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃油供给系统,其特征在于进一步包括一个提升泵(18),所述提升泵(18)支撑在所述外壳(22)上,将所述燃油箱(10)中的液态燃油移送到所述蒸汽分离器(20)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃油供给系统,其特征在于进一步包括一个位于所述燃油箱(10)与所述提升泵(18)之间的流体通道上的滤水器(14),所述滤水器(14)支撑于所述外壳(22)上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃油供给系统,其特征在于进一步包括一个位于所述外壳(22)上、用来排放所述蒸汽分离器(20)中燃油蒸汽的蒸汽口(24),和一个对所述蒸汽分离器(20)中液态燃油量作出反应的浮阀(26),以便打开或关闭所述蒸汽口(24)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/933,748 | 2004-09-03 | ||
US10/933,748 US7168414B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Marine vapor separator with bypass line |
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CN101031716A CN101031716A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
CN100476191C true CN100476191C (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
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CNB2005800294729A Expired - Fee Related CN100476191C (zh) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | 一种具有旁线路的船用蒸汽分离器 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7168414B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1784569B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008512596A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20070049685A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100476191C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2578045A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007002644A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006028918A2 (zh) |
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-
2004
- 2004-09-03 US US10/933,748 patent/US7168414B2/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-09-01 CN CNB2005800294729A patent/CN100476191C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-01 EP EP05794380A patent/EP1784569B1/en active Active
- 2005-09-01 CA CA002578045A patent/CA2578045A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-01 WO PCT/US2005/031187 patent/WO2006028918A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-01 KR KR1020077007539A patent/KR20070049685A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-01 JP JP2007530365A patent/JP2008512596A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-01 MX MX2007002644A patent/MX2007002644A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7168414B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
US20060048757A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
WO2006028918B1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
EP1784569A2 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
JP2008512596A (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
EP1784569A4 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
MX2007002644A (es) | 2007-07-25 |
CA2578045A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
WO2006028918A2 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
KR20070049685A (ko) | 2007-05-11 |
WO2006028918A3 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
CN101031716A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
EP1784569B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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