CN100475480C - 生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法 - Google Patents

生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法 Download PDF

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CN100475480C
CN100475480C CNB2003801087411A CN200380108741A CN100475480C CN 100475480 C CN100475480 C CN 100475480C CN B2003801087411 A CNB2003801087411 A CN B2003801087411A CN 200380108741 A CN200380108741 A CN 200380108741A CN 100475480 C CN100475480 C CN 100475480C
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朱昂·梅迪纳-加拉尔萨
玛尔塔·维拉拉绍-杜拉尼
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    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法，所述模塑件由装饰层(5)、泡沫层(6)和基质(8)组成，它们分别由聚烯烃组成，根据所述方法，装饰层(5)和泡沫层(6)以复合材料的形式插入到注塑模具中，并且随后用基质材料(8)后注射到闭合的注塑模具(1，2)中。为了使最终模塑件(9)上的装饰层(5)的外表面具有所需的结构，注塑模具(1，2)的内表面(相对于该表面施加装饰层(5))以互补的方式结构化。使用由闭孔形成的泡沫层(6)，在闭合的注塑模具(1，2)中固化基质材料期间，所述泡沫层按照注塑模具(1，2)的表面结构(7)被永久压缩。注塑模具(1，2)的表面结构(7)可以通过表面本身的相应成形得到，或者通过置于注塑模具(1，2)表面和装饰层(5)之间的插件得到。

Description

生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生产塑料模塑件的方法，更具体涉及生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法。
背景技术
从德国专利19729780中已经得知一种生产具有装饰性压花表面涂层的后注塑塑料模塑件的方法，其中将装饰材料置于注塑模具中，并且随后当模具闭合时将装饰材料暴露于压力下的气体中，以使装饰材料被压入注塑模具的模腔中。随后使用一种在固化后形成模塑件基质的塑料进行装饰材料的后注塑，在置于注塑模具中之前，装饰材料可以在背面由多孔无纺布和/或薄膜覆盖。
由后注塑生产的塑料模塑件通常还在装饰层和基质之间具有泡沫层。
该已知方法的缺点是在放入装饰材料和注塑基质材料之间包括一个暴露于气体压力的附加步骤，因此成本较高。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法，所述模塑件包含装饰层、泡沫层和基质，它们分别由聚烯烃制成，其中将装饰层和泡沫层以复合材料的形式放置到注塑模具中，并且随后用基质材料在闭合的注塑模具中进行后注塑，并且其中为了使装饰层的外表面具有所需的结构，注塑模具的内表面(相对于该表面施加装饰层)以互补的方式结构化。该方法比已知方法简单，因此需要较低的设备成本花费，并且还使生产塑料模塑件的时间成本降低。
上述目的可以通过根据本发明的生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法实现，所述模塑件包含装饰层、泡沫层和基质，它们分别由聚烯烃制成，其中将装饰层和泡沫层以复合材料的形式放置到注塑模具中，并且随后将泡沫层用基质材料在闭合的注塑模具中进行后注射，并且其中为了使装饰层的外表面具有所需的结构，相对于该表面施加装饰层的注塑模具的内表面以互补的方式结构化，其中使用闭孔的并且具有这些性质的泡沫层，特征在于在闭合的注塑模具中固化基质材料期间，所述泡沫层对应于注塑模具的表面结构被永久压缩。
由于使用了具有这些性质的闭孔泡沫层，在闭合的注塑模具中固化基质材料期间该泡沫层被永久压缩，对应于注塑模具表面的结构化，装饰层表面的结构化发生在基质材料的固化期间，因此将装饰层压到注塑模具上的附加步骤可以省略。
在将基质材料注射到闭合的注塑模具中之后，基质材料在固化期间对泡沫层施加高的压缩力，这主要发生在膨胀空间在很大程度上受限于注塑模具表面结构中突起部分的点处。这会导致：由于所形成的面对泡沫层的基质表面基本上是平的，所以泡沫层被压缩，并对应于注塑模具表面的结构化。但是由于高压缩力，发生对泡沫层的这种损害，致使即使在压力去除之后，即打开注塑模具并从中取出模塑件之后，该压缩也一直保持。因此最终的模塑件具有互补于注塑模具内表面的永久性表面结构，泡沫层的这种永久形变仅在闭孔泡沫的情况下才能得到。
泡沫层的压缩可以发生在较大的表面区域上。因此得到的模塑件的表面结构可以既具有窄凹陷，也具有窄突起。
注塑模具表面的结构化可以通过该表面本身的相应成形来得到，当仅仅是使用注塑模具来生产相同的模塑件时，这是有利的。另一方面，如果要使用注塑模具来生产具有不同表面结构的模塑件，建议通过相应地成形置于注塑模具表面和装饰层之间的插件来得到注塑模具表面的结构化。通过调换这些插件，模塑件的表面结构可以因此很容易地改变。
构成注塑模具的材料，具体而言是铝或铁，它们也优选作为插件的材料。但是也可以使用聚烯烃如含有滑石粉混合物的聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
未压缩泡沫层的厚度范围通常是2-6mm，得到的表面结构的最大高度差稍微低于这些数值。
如果所有三种组成部分，即装饰层、泡沫层和基质，都是由相同的塑料如聚烯烃组成的话，则所生产的模塑件的再循环可以以简单的方式进行。聚丙烯具有尤其有利的性质。
用于装饰层的其它合适的材料是PET织物，用于基质的材料有天然纤维或ABS。
如果可能的话，基质材料的注塑应该在低压下进行，例如60巴。这会防止泡沫层在注射点处也被永久压缩，并因此在这些点处产生模塑件表面结构中不希望的凹陷。
附图说明
在下文中使用附图所示的具体实施方案来详细描述本发明。
图1分3个阶段表示生产后注塑塑料模塑件的方法的过程，和
图2表示由本发明的方法生产的塑料模塑件的装饰层、泡沫层和一部分基质的剖面。
具体实施方式
图1表示已知的后注塑方法，其中注塑模具包括阴模1和阳模2。阳模2包含用于将流体基质材料4注射到闭合的注塑模具中(步骤B)的注射孔3。在注塑模具闭合之前，将预先形成的包含薄装饰层5和泡沫层6的复合材料(具有2-4mm范围内的恒定厚度)放置在阴模1中，其中装饰层5顶在模具表面(步骤A)。面对装饰层5的表面被结构化，如突起7所示。这种结构化通过阴模1表面本身的相应成形来得到，或者通过形成突起7的插件来得到，并且插件可以按需要进行调换。
在插入装饰层5和泡沫层6之后，闭合注塑模具并且在例如190℃的温度下注射基质材料4(步骤B)。基质材料随后固化并因此向周围表面施加压力。在用于成型基质8的自由空间最严重地受限于突起7的地方，该压力是最高的。设定工艺参数以使尽管有突起7，但所形成并且面对泡沫层6的基质8的表面基本上是平的，结果，泡沫层6中相应于突起7的区域被压缩。此外，选择工艺参数以使在被压缩区域上基质材料4对由闭孔组成的泡沫层6的压力足够大，以致于即使在释放泡沫层6之后这些压缩仍然保持，由装饰层5形成的固化后模塑件9的表面被永久性结构化，随后将模塑件从打开的注塑模具中取出(步骤C)。
图2表示模塑件9的部分剖面，从中可以看出由包含装饰层5和泡沫层6的复合材料形成的表面结构。在通过原来具有恒定厚度的泡沫层6的相应永久压缩而构成的凹陷区域，得到由彼此交替的突起和凹陷组成的结构。

Claims (10)

1.一种生产后注塑望料模塑件(9)的方法，所述模塑件(9)包含装饰层(5)、泡沫层(6)和基质(8)，它们分别由聚烯烃制成，其中将装饰层(5)和泡沫层(6)以复合材料的形式放置到注塑模具(1，2)中，并且随后用基质材料(4)在闭合的注塑模具(1，2)中对泡沫层(6)进行后注塑，并且其中为了使装饰层(5)的外表面具有所需的结构，注塑模具(1，2)的内表面以使得注塑模具(1，2)的内表面与装饰层(5)的外表面互补的方式结构化，其中所述装饰层(5)相对于所述注塑模具(1，2)的内表面施加，其中使用闭孔泡沫层(6)，特征在于在闭合的注塑模具(1，2)中固化基质材料(4)期间，所述泡沫层(6)对应于注塑模具(1，2)的表面结构被永久压缩。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，特征在于注塑模具(1，2)的表面结构通过该表面本身的相应成形来得到。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，特征在于注塑模具(1，2)的表面结构通过相应地成形置于注塑模具(1，2)表面和装饰层(5)之间的插件来得到。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，特征在于所述插件由注塑模具(1，2)的材料制成。
5.根据权利要求3的方法，特征在于所述插件由用滑石粉处理后的聚烯烃制成。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一项的方法，特征在于未压缩泡沫层(6)的厚度范围是2-6mm。
7.根据权利要求1-5任意一项的方法，特征在于装饰层(5)的结构的高度差小于未压缩泡沫层(6)的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1-5任意一项的方法，特征在于所使用的装饰层(5)、泡沫层(6)和基质(8)分别包含聚烯烃。
9.根据权利要求1-5任意一项的方法，特征在于将基质材料(4)注射到注塑模具(1，2)中是在低压下进行的。
10.根据权利要求9的方法，特征在于注射基质材料(4)是在60巴的压力下进行的。
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