CN100468911C - Charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery - Google Patents

Charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100468911C
CN100468911C CNB2006101559649A CN200610155964A CN100468911C CN 100468911 C CN100468911 C CN 100468911C CN B2006101559649 A CNB2006101559649 A CN B2006101559649A CN 200610155964 A CN200610155964 A CN 200610155964A CN 100468911 C CN100468911 C CN 100468911C
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charging
cell
instantaneous voltage
charge
voltage
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CN101026307A (en
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孙璞
鲍公舜
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SANHUAN TECHNOLOGY AND TRADING Co Ltd SUZHOU CITY
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SANHUAN TECHNOLOGY AND TRADING Co Ltd SUZHOU CITY
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention regards each single battery in cascaded battery set (CBS) as a small heart. Only when each small heart is normal, integral heart combination can work effectively. Based on the comprehension, the invention sets up a control unit for balanced charging and discharging (CUBCD) for each single battery in CBS so as to form one to one mode to control each single battery in CBS. In parallel charging mode, being controlled by CUBCD, the invention charges each single battery. In discharging operation, being monitored by CUBCD, the invention activates inverter circuit to complement charging operation according to magnitude of energy needed by using energy of battery set self if over discharging occurs on a single battery. Harmonizing charging and discharging operations, the invention keeps synchronous charging and discharging operation among batteries so as to guarantee safe operation of system, prolong service life of battery set.

Description

Charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charge and discharge balancing technical field of serial power battery pack, particularly a kind of charging-discharging automatic balancing method of serial lithium battery group.
Background technology
The world today, petroleum resources are day by day nervous, and air pollution is on the rise, and the serial power battery pack more and more is subject to people's attention as secondary energy sources.But the individual difference of battery cell can produce serious overcharging and the overdischarge problem in battery pack is used, even causes the damage of whole system.This is because the terminal voltage of battery pack does not also reach the termination charge condition, and a part of cell termination of having charged, and continues that this part cell must be in overcharge condition in the charging process, the problem thereby generation is overcharged; Another kind of situation is that the battery pack terminal voltage does not reach the termination discharging condition, and ends of discharging in advance of a part of battery, thereby cause this part cell to be in over-discharge state, thus generation overdischarge problem.For battery pack, overcharge or overdischarge all can the grievous injury battery pack, reduce life-span of battery pack and safe in utilization greatly, and hindered seriously that battery pack is used and development.
Advantages such as lithium battery has that discharge voltage is stable, operating temperature range is wide, self-discharge rate is low, storage life is long, memory-less effect, volume is little, in light weight and public hazards are little, alternative gradually at present lead-acid battery becomes the main flow of electrokinetic cell.Yet lithium battery is very high to discharging and recharging requirement, and after being composed in series power battery pack, nature requires higher to the harmony that discharges and recharges, and electrolyte can be decomposed and make the temperature of inside battery and pressure raise when overcharging generation; Electrolysis material copper can melt and causes internal short-circuit in the negative pole when overdischarge takes place, and elevates the temperature; When external circuit short circuit or discharging current were excessive, because the characteristic inside battery power consumption of high internal resistance increases, temperature also can rise, and can cause the oxidation or the decomposition of electrolyte, causes shorter battery life; Overcharge or over-discharge situation can cause battery pressure and heat to increase sharply when serious, be easy to generate spark, cause burning even blast.Therefore the lithium battery group all is added with protective circuit without exception, and it overcharges and the harmonious problem of overdischarge seems especially outstanding, how effectively to address these problems the key technology that has become the operation of dynamic lithium battery group efficient stable.
Chinese patent CN1275829A, CN2508410Y, CN1181593C, CN1186868C, CN1607708A, CN1667909A etc. disclose the technical scheme of a series of relevant series battery charge and discharge balancing problems.Although these schemes have all proposed many constructive imaginations, integrate and see, some of them have solved the problem of overcharging, but and unresolved overdischarge problem; And other can solve simultaneously and overcharge and the overdischarge problem, but in solving the overdischarge problem, when the technical barrier of whole lithium battery systems collapse appears still can not solving when early stage performance is degraded in indivedual cells, cause the useful life of battery pack too short, can't guarantee stable and reliability service, even collapse occur suddenly.In a word, understand, thereby most up to now equalizing circuit all is by discharging the loop voltage drop that is in the battery of high voltage state to be got off to reach balanced according to the applicant.But, particularly using indivedual cells of later stage unprecedented good scheme in the processing that early stage performance degrades to occur for being in the serious indivedual cells of overdischarge.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery, its purpose is not only will effectively control to overcharge, to effectively control overdischarge simultaneously, particularly effectively overcoming the lithium battery group is using the later stage technical barrier that early stage performance is degraded and caused whole lithium battery systems to be collapsed rapidly to occur because of indivedual cells, thereby guarantee the stability and the reliability of system's operation, and prolong the working life of battery pack.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery, at each cell in the series battery charge and discharge balancing control unit is set, adopts mode one to one to control each cell in the battery pack respectively;
In charge operation, adopt parallel charging modes that each cell is charged respectively, the charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v in the charging process t, and with the termination charging voltage v that sets StopCompare, when detecting this cell instantaneous voltage v tReach the termination charging voltage v of setting StopShi Zidong stops charging, otherwise continues charging, finishes until the whole battery group charging;
In service in discharge, the charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v t, and with battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatCompare, as cell instantaneous voltage v tBe higher than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, perhaps be lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, but when not exceeding preset lower limit, inverter circuit is in wait state; As cell instantaneous voltage v tBe lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, and when exceeding preset lower limit, activate inverter circuit this cell is carried out boost charge, until cell instantaneous voltage v tNear battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatMeet setting and stop boost charge when requiring, otherwise inverter circuit is in state of activation always; Described inverter circuit is realized active inversion with battery pack self DC power supply, produces to exchange output, and this exchanges output and obtains to exchange pulse-width signal through the pulsewidth modulation treatment, and the control signal that pulse-width modulation is handled depends on cell instantaneous voltage v tExceed the size of preset lower limit, thereby set up boost charge energy and cell instantaneous voltage v tThe relation that exceeds the preset lower limit degree, last, exchange pulse-width signal control micropower metal-oxide-semiconductor, the output of micropower metal-oxide-semiconductor is exported by transformer isolation, through rectification, filtering, to this cell boost charge.
Related content in the technique scheme is explained as follows:
1, in the such scheme, described " cell instantaneous voltage v t" be meant the transient voltage value at cell two ends; Described " battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat" be meant the transient voltage mean value that the instantaneous terminal voltage of battery pack obtains divided by the cell number; Described " termination charging voltage v Stop" be meant the magnitude of voltage that stops to charge that system sets at cell.
2, in the such scheme,, in charge operation, first constant current charge is adopted in the charging of cell, when the input power of charging reaches set point, change constant voltage charge into, as cell instantaneous voltage v for the effect that guarantees to charge tNear the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWhen arriving the setting degree, adopt little electric current floating charge, finish up to charging.
3, in the such scheme, for effective control detection frequency, in charge operation, to cell instantaneous voltage v tDetect frequency and adopt the mode of difference time-delay to control, be about to the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWith cell instantaneous voltage v tAfter comparison amplifier output, produce the triggering signal that next time detects through delay circuit, when difference was big, it was slow to detect frequency, and when opposite difference was less, it was fast to detect frequency.
Operation principle of the present invention and design are: the present invention is considered as microcardia one by one with the cell in the series battery, has only each microcardia all just often, and whole heart combination could be worked effectively.Based on this understanding, the present invention is directed to that each cell all is provided with a charge and discharge balancing control unit in the series battery, adopt mode one to one to control each cell in the battery pack respectively, each charge and discharge balancing control unit is in the paired running state.In charge operation, adopt parallel charging modes that each cell is charged respectively, and control by corresponding charge and discharge balancing control unit; In service in discharge, also implement monitoring by the charge and discharge balancing control unit, when finding that certain cell occurred putting problem, the activation inverter circuit, with battery pack oneself as the energy, need carry out boost charge by the energy size, coordinate battery pack in charge and discharge process with this, be in the operating state of coordinate synchronization between each cell, thereby guarantee system safety operation, effectively prolong the battery pack life-span, give full play to its usefulness.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
1, the present invention uses parallel charging method that each cell is charged, because each charge and discharge balancing control unit all configures identical termination charging voltage v Stop, so just can guarantee that each cell can not produce in the battery pack to overcharge phenomenon.
2, the present invention is in service in discharge, and each cell is controlled in and is not less than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatIn the lower range that sets below horizontal, this battery is carried out boost charge in case exceed this scope inverter circuit.And the active inversion mode is adopted in inversion, promptly to realize active inversion with battery pack self DC power supply, produces and exchanges output.With passive inverter in the past, compare the validity that can guarantee boost charge as adopting electric capacity, inductance.
3, in the boost charge of the present invention, with cell instantaneous voltage v tExceed the control signal of the size of preset lower limit, the AC signal pulsewidth of regulating inversion output as the pulse-width modulation processing.Handle by such pulse-width modulation and to have set up boost charge energy and cell instantaneous voltage v tThe relation that exceeds the preset lower limit degree.Thereby effectively control the energy of boost charge.This processing mode is not only pointed, and helps controlling the same effect power between each cell, makes each monomer battery voltage be equal to decline.
4, the present invention owing to adopt inverter circuit that it is carried out boost charge, can slow down its deterioration velocity (downward gradient) to the battery of early stage degeneration when overdischarge occurring, has improved the fail safe of battery pack operation.In addition, can also remind by type of alarm the battery of degenerating in advance.
5, the present invention can guarantee that each cell in the battery pack utilizes inverter circuit to be charged to set point.Also can make each battery carry out relative synchronous discharge during discharge.
When 6, dynamic lithium battery is as the power set of automobile, lithium battery during generally by 200~300 joint 200A moves simultaneously, have individual cell to produce early stage performance unavoidably and degrade and critical system safety, the present invention can in time effectively compensate and control it when this situation occurring.Though the battery that goes wrong is at random, and is immesurable, because the present invention controls and compensates each cell, could effectively guarantee the operate as normal of each cell, therefore this mode is the most effective and the most reliable.
In a word, the dynamic lithium battery group does not protect the control device can not safe operation, does not have reliable and effective protective device can't steady in a long-term to move yet.This programme because overcharge and the overdischarge problem obtained effective control, therefore the heating temp of battery pack can be controlled in the lower scope, and effective extending battery life, guarantee system safety operation, particularly battery pack is when using the later stage to degrade because of early stage performance appears in indivedual cells, owing to adopted active inversion boost charge measure, efficiently solve the technical barrier of whole lithium battery systems collapse, guaranteed that battery pack gives full play to its usefulness.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a principle of the invention block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is inverter circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described:
Embodiment: a kind of charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery
As shown in Figure 1, at each cell in the series battery charge and discharge balancing control unit is set, adopt mode one to one to control each cell in the battery pack respectively, each charge and discharge balancing control unit is in the paired running state and comes the balanced work of coordinating each cell.
In charge operation, adopting parallel charging modes that each cell is charged respectively is of the present invention one big characteristic.The charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v in the charging process t, and with the termination charging voltage v that sets Stop(4.2V, error is less than ± 1%) compares, when detecting this cell instantaneous voltage v tReach the termination charging voltage v of setting StopShi Zidong stops charging, otherwise continues charging, finishes until the whole battery group charging.Charging circuit is to be made of controlled pulse-width modulation switching power supply, mainly is made up of modules such as trigger, modulator, clock circuit and comparators.Charging circuit is a core component of the present invention, and efficiently, reliably reaching miniaturization is key technology, therefore preferably will make special-purpose large scale integrated chip (LSI chip) and finish its miniaturization and high reliability and high stability work.In the design of charging circuit, preferably to adopt the equalizing charge mode, promptly first constant current charge be adopted in the charging of cell, when the input power of charging reaches set point, change constant voltage charge into, as cell instantaneous voltage v tNear the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWhen arriving the setting degree, adopt little electric current floating charge, finish up to charging.Automatically stop when guaranteeing that every joint cell charges to 4.2V, effectively prevent to overcharge.In addition, in charge operation, to cell instantaneous voltage v tDetect frequency and adopt the mode of difference time-delay to control, be about to the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWith cell instantaneous voltage v tAfter comparison amplifier output, produce the triggering signal that next time detects through delay circuit, when difference was big, it was slow to detect frequency, and when opposite difference was less, it was fast to detect frequency.
In service in discharge, the charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v t, and with battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatCompare, as cell instantaneous voltage v tBe higher than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, perhaps be lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, but when not exceeding preset lower limit, inverter circuit is in wait state; As cell instantaneous voltage v tBe lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, and when exceeding preset lower limit, activate inverter circuit this cell is carried out boost charge, until cell instantaneous voltage v tNear battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatMeet setting and stop boost charge when requiring, otherwise inverter circuit is in state of activation always; Described inverter circuit produces and exchanges output with battery pack self DC power supply realization active inversion, and this interchange output is carried out the pulse-width modulation processing by VMOS power device (high-power), and the control signal that pulse-width modulation is handled depends on cell instantaneous voltage v tThe size that exceeds preset lower limit is used to control the ON time of VMOS power device (high-power), power device output AC pulse-width modulation square wave, at last, exchange the pulse-width modulation square wave and export, through rectification, filtering by transformer isolation, to this cell boost charge, see shown in Figure 2.
Effective control of overdischarge is another characteristic of the present invention.The overdischarge phenomenon of lithium battery is the serious problems that trouble people always in the series operation, also is a crucial difficult problem that hinders lithium battery applications.Lithium battery group of the present invention generally is the power source of equipment, is equivalent to the heart of human body.The lithium battery group is to be composed in series by a plurality of cells, and each cell is equivalent to a microcardia, has only every microcardia all just often, and whole heart combination could be worked very effectively.As long as have a microcardia go wrong (as overdischarge) will produce chain reaction, cause system failure.Charge and discharge balancing control unit of the present invention overdischarge (being the terminal voltage of its battery) occurs in individual cell, and inverter circuit is activated when being lower than average voltage, and this battery is carried out boost charge, prevents the generation of its overdischarge.The present invention has set up a cardiac pacemaker just for every joint cell (microcardia).Make the whole system collapse even there is the early stage accidental damage of battery also to be unlikely.Its internal resistance meeting of battery that overdischarge generally occurs increases, be in operation and look its damaged condition and can generate heat, because the charge and discharge balancing control unit has weakened the heating phenomenon greatly to the charge effects of overdischarge battery, the system that guaranteed is not overheated, thus the operation of having stablized system.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the personage who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalences that spirit is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery is characterized in that: at each cell in the series battery charge and discharge balancing control unit is set, adopts mode one to one to control each cell in the battery pack respectively;
In charge operation, adopt parallel charging modes that each cell is charged respectively, the charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v in the charging process t, and with the termination charging voltage v that sets StopCompare, when detecting this cell instantaneous voltage v tReach the termination charging voltage v of setting StopShi Zidong stops charging, otherwise continues charging, finishes until the whole battery group charging;
In service in discharge, the charge and discharge balancing control unit constantly detects corresponding cell instantaneous voltage v t, and with battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatCompare, as cell instantaneous voltage v tBe higher than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, perhaps be lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, but when not exceeding preset lower limit, inverter circuit is in wait state; As cell instantaneous voltage v tBe lower than battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v Flat, and when exceeding preset lower limit, activate inverter circuit this cell is carried out boost charge, until cell instantaneous voltage v tNear battery pack average monomer instantaneous voltage v FlatMeet setting and stop boost charge when requiring, otherwise inverter circuit is in state of activation always; Described inverter circuit is realized active inversion with battery pack self DC power supply, produces to exchange output, and this exchanges output and obtains to exchange pulse-width signal through the pulsewidth modulation treatment, and the control signal that pulse-width modulation is handled depends on cell instantaneous voltage v tExceed the size of preset lower limit, thereby set up boost charge energy and cell instantaneous voltage v tThe relation that exceeds the preset lower limit degree, last, exchange pulse-width signal control micropower metal-oxide-semiconductor, the output of micropower metal-oxide-semiconductor is exported by transformer isolation, through rectification, filtering, to this cell boost charge.
2, charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in charge operation, first constant current charge is adopted in the charging of cell, when the input power of charging reaches set point, change constant voltage charge into, as cell instantaneous voltage v tNear the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWhen arriving the setting degree, adopt little electric current floating charge, finish up to charging.
3, charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in charge operation, to cell instantaneous voltage v tDetect frequency and adopt the mode of difference time-delay to control, be about to the termination charging voltage v that sets StopWith cell instantaneous voltage v tAfter comparison amplifier output, produce the triggering signal that next time detects through delay circuit, when difference was big, it was slow to detect frequency, and when opposite difference was less, it was fast to detect frequency.
CNB2006101559649A 2006-12-25 2006-12-25 Charging-discharging automatic balancing method for serial power lithium battery Expired - Fee Related CN100468911C (en)

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