CN100467295C - 带有角度传感器的万向球接头 - Google Patents

带有角度传感器的万向球接头 Download PDF

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CN100467295C
CN100467295C CNB2004800241695A CN200480024169A CN100467295C CN 100467295 C CN100467295 C CN 100467295C CN B2004800241695 A CNB2004800241695 A CN B2004800241695A CN 200480024169 A CN200480024169 A CN 200480024169A CN 100467295 C CN100467295 C CN 100467295C
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directional ball
ball joint
ball
transmitter
sensor
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CN1839057A (zh
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J·施普拉特
U·洛赖特
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Shenstec Co ltd
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
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    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0642—Special features of the plug or cover on the blind end of the socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
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    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0604—Construction of the male part
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11—Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11—Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B60G2204/116—Sensors coupled to the suspension arm
    • B60G2204/1162—Sensors coupled to the suspension arm directly mounted on the suspension arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416—Ball or spherical joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
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    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
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    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种集成有角度传感器的万向球接头，尤其用作汽车底盘里的汽车水平传感器。万向球接头具有万向球接头壳体(1)、设置于万向球接头壳体(1)里的球面轴颈(2)、布置在球面轴颈(2)的球形活节(3)上的两极的场发送器(4)和至少一个布置在万向球接头壳体(1)上的磁场方向传感器，该磁场方向传感器与由场发送器(4)所产生的磁场相互作用，其中两极的磁场发送器(4)的只是一个极布置在球表面上。

Description

带有角度传感器的万向球接头
本发明涉及一种集成有角度传感器的万向球接头，尤其用作汽车底盘里的汽车水平传感器。
将万向球接头作为在汽车底盘里的汽车水平传感器用于无接触地和连续地测量汽车车身的位置变化，其中万向球接头壳体和球面轴颈设置于汽车底盘和车轮悬架之间，这已经由EP 617 260 A1公开了。在该专利文献中建议利用由汽车水平传感器所获得的信息用于照明距离调节和/或用于汽车水平调整。
万向球接头具有一个布置在球面轴颈的球节活节上的两极的场发送器和一个布置在场发送器的影响范围内的万向球接头壳体上的具有磁阻效应的传感器。传感器此处应尽可能准确地通过探测场检测球形轴颈的位置或者说该位置的变化，其中场发送器相对于传感器的位置以及因此在传感器位置处的磁场在变化。为此建议使传感器和场传感器相互对置地布置在球形活节和万向球接头壳体里，以便使所产生的测量信号反映出汽车车身的实际位置变化，而此时不会被在汽车轴部位里出现的空间运动干扰。
但对于这种球面轴颈来说，用一个传感器就精度而言是不会对汽车产生足够的测量结果的，因为传感器只能测量球面轴颈的一个运动方向(自由度)，而另外两个自由度必须通过电子分析处理来确定或者排除。
除此之外，为了改善测量精度，还在专利申请DE 101 34 259 A1中建议:至少将万向球接头壳体里的两个场发送器相互直径方向地布置在球表面区域内的一个圆形轨道上。因此用场发送器的两个不同的、布置在球表面上的极就可以测定球面轴颈的两个自由度、围绕其中心轴线的摆动和转动。为了在所有三个自由度上测定球面轴颈相对于万向球接头壳体的准确的空间位置建议:将三个场发送器在圆形轨道上相隔120°布置。
本发明的任务是提出一种万向球接头，在这种万向球接头中只应用少量传感器时就可以以高的精度检测到球面轴颈在万向球接头壳体里的偏转。
该任务用一种按本发明的万向节球头来解决。因此万向球接头具有一个支承于万向球接头壳体里的球面轴颈、一个布置在球面轴颈的球形活节上的两极的场发送器和至少一个布置在万向球接头壳体上的磁场方向传感器，该传感器与由场发送器产生的场相互作用，其中场发送器只有一个极布置在球表面上。由于场发送器的一个极布置在球表面上，这样就与两个极都布置在该球表面上的布置相反，在磁场方向传感器的检测范围内产生一个射束状磁场。这就允许只用一个传感器就可以准确地测定球面轴颈在摆动轴线上的偏转。由于装入的场发送器而对球头表面的结构的影响是很小的。
如果场发送器，例如一个条形磁铁布置在球面轴颈的对称轴线上，那么球面轴颈偏转的测量就不会被在每个偏转位置上球面轴颈围绕其对称轴线的旋转运动影响，因为由于射束状的磁场在每次旋转时在传感器位置上磁场的方向几乎保持相同。这在通过车轮悬架的运动来测定汽车的水平位置时特别有利，因为使测量失真的和由于转向运动引起的球头围绕其对称轴线的旋转运动被排除了。
场发送器在球头里可以嵌入一个非磁性材料层里，从而使球形活节可以由金属制成用来传递大的万向传动力。场发送器的位于里面的极与金属的球形活节的磁性耦合改善了在磁场方向传感器的检测范围内磁场的结构。
至少两个磁场方向传感器与由磁场发送器所产生的场相互作用并且它们的坐标轴并不相互平行，使用所述至少两个传感器就可检测球面轴颈在每个方向上的偏转。
为使装配简单，在一个板上，例如在万向球接头壳体的一个封盖上设置有磁场方向传感器。为了有效地理解球面轴颈的设计使传感器相互成90°角地布置在板上，而该板本身垂直于球面轴颈的中轴线布置。通过这种布置可以只用一个整体量具，即场发送器来测定球面轴颈沿着两个自由度的倾斜。
以下根据附图对本发明进行详细说明。附图所示为:
图1:按照本发明的万向球接头的一个实施例的局部剖视图；
图2:在图1中所示的万向球接头的万向球接头壳体里集成的具有两个磁场方向传感器的板；
图3:按照本发明的一个实施例具有相应的场线分布图的球面轴颈的剖视图；
图4:按照本发明的万向球接头的另一个实施例的剖视图。
在图1局部剖视图中所示的万向球接头由一个万向球接头壳体1和一个用其球形活节3支承于万向球接头壳体1里的球面轴颈2构成。万向球接头应该作为汽车水平传感器应用在汽车的底盘里，其信号例如可以用来静态或动态调节照明距离和/或汽车水平，其中或者是万向球接头壳体1或者是球面轴颈2与车轮悬架连接，并且球面轴颈2或者万向球接头壳体1与汽车底盘连接。
在此，万向球接头在车轮悬架和底盘之间的设置如此进行，即当车身相对于车轮悬架的位置发生改变时该球面轴颈2在万向球接头壳体1里就发生偏转，这种偏转良好描绘出了汽车车身相对于道路的位置改变。
为了检测球面轴颈2在球节外壳1里的偏转，在球面轴颈2的球形活节3里放入了一个条形磁铁作为场发送器4，它产生一个磁场，该磁场由一个或多个设置于万向球接头壳体1上的磁场方向传感器5，例如具有磁阻效应的角度传感器来检测。球面轴颈2在万向球接头壳体1里的最大偏转用图1中的角度α来表示。
因为一般在球形活节的中间部位里出现最大表面压力，因此将场发送器4装入在球形活节的下部。在图1所示实施例中场发送器在球形活节3里嵌入在一个由非磁性材料制成的环6里，这就允许球形活节3设计成由一种铁磁材料组成。
场发送器可以由众所周知的永磁材料，例如由铝镍钴合金500或者钡铁氧体制成。它作为永久磁铁优选用具有高品质因数(BH)max的材料，例如SmCo5，SM2Co17，Nd2Fe14B或类似材料制造。
传感器布置在万向球接头壳体1里在一个板7上，例如一个线路板上。
图2表示磁场方向传感器5在板7上的布局。此处磁场方向传感器5用其测量坐标轴X，Y相互成90°角定位并布置在板7上的一个平面里。试验表明:如果磁场方向传感器5在板7上相邻布置，而板7本身垂直于球面轴颈2的中轴线M，则可以在测量球面轴颈2的偏转时得到好结果。
图3表示按照本发明的一个实施例在一个具有相应的场线分布图的剖视图里的球面轴颈2。由于场发送器4平行于球面轴颈2的对称轴线布置，而且磁场方向传感器5垂直于场发送器4而布置，因而在传感器的检测范围内出现一种射束状的场线分布图。
当球面轴颈2在万向球接头壳体里偏转时场发送器4的位置以及因此场线分布图在磁场方向传感器5的位置上就发生变化。磁场方向传感器5对每个位置或者说球面轴颈2的每次偏转检测出在其位置上场线分布图的相应角度。这就可以只用一个整体量具，即场发送器4来测定球面轴颈2在万向球接头壳体1里沿着两个自由度的偏转。
在图3所示的实施例中场发送器4的隔离物6在其侧面部位上延伸。相反，位于球形活节3里的场发送器4的极与铁磁的球形活节3接触。因此如图3所示，得到场线分布图的拉长，这改善了通过磁场方向传感器5对球面轴颈2的偏转的检测。
由于场发送器4布置在球面轴颈2的对称轴线上，因此可以消除在测量时由于球面轴颈2围绕其对称轴线的旋转运动所产生的影响，因为由于射束状的磁场，与球面轴颈2的偏转相反，在球面轴颈2旋转时在传感器位置处的磁场方向或者由传感器测得的角度几乎是相同的。如果万向球接头在车轮悬架里被用作为汽车水平传感器的话这样的对于测量来说不希望有的球面轴颈2的旋转运动例如可能在转向运动时出现。
有利的是，在一个车轮悬架里使用万向球接头作为汽车水平传感器时使一个磁场方向传感器5的一个测量坐标轴X沿着在车身倾斜的水平位置的变化对准，从而使另一条测量坐标轴Y或者另一个磁场方向传感器5测量出汽车的由于制动载荷或加速载荷而引起的俯仰运动。
图4用剖视图表示了按照本发明的万向球接头的另一个实施例。传感器在这里为了使得相对于场发送器4可容易地安装或者定位设置在万向球接头壳体1的封盖8上的板7上。万向球接头壳体1在下部有一个开口，它用封盖8例如借助于超声波焊接或者热精压(Warmstemmen)封闭起来。磁场方向传感器5位于一个构成线路板的板7上，该板7是封盖8的组成部分。在用封盖8封闭住万向球接头壳体1之后传感器相对于装入球形活节3的场发送器4被定位。
万向球接头壳体1以及封盖8可以以本身就已知的方式用压铸法制成，其中这里与传感器接通的电缆9通过封盖8被封闭或者向外引出，从而同时地通过封盖8实现电缆9的减轻张力和密封。该从万向球接头壳体引出的电缆9通过一个插接连接器实现接通。
也可以在万向球接头壳体1里安装传感器模块并在安装封盖8时借助于插接连接在电缆9和已安装的传感器模块之间建立连接。
Figure C200480024169D00071
1.万向球接头壳体
2.球面轴颈
3.球形活节
4.场发送器
5.磁场方向传感器
6.环
7.板
8.封盖
9.电缆
M 球面轴颈的中轴线
α 角度

Claims (7)

1.万向球接头，其具有一个万向球接头壳体(1)、一个设置于万向球接头壳体(1)里的球面轴颈(2)、一个布置在球面轴颈(2)的球形活节(3)上的两极的场发送器(4)和至少两个布置在万向球接头壳体(1)上的磁场方向传感器(5)，所述磁场方向传感器与由场发送器(4)所产生的磁场相互作用，其中所述磁场方向传感器(5)的测量坐标轴(X，Y)位于一个平面内并且相互不平行，并且其中所述两极的场发送器(4)中只有一个极布置在球表面上，其特征在于，两个磁场方向传感器(5)在板(7)上相互成90°角设置，并且所述的板(7)布置在万向球接头壳体(1)的封盖(8)上。
2.按权利要求1所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，场发送器(4)的两个极都布置在球面轴颈(2)的对称轴线上。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，场发送器(4)是条形磁铁。
4.按权利要求3所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，球形活节(3)由一种铁磁材料制成，而场发送器(4)在球形活节(3)里嵌入由非磁性材料制成的层(6)里。
5.按权利要求4所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，场发送器(4)的位于球形活节里的极与球形活节(3)接触。
6.按权利要求1所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，所述的板(7)垂直于球面轴颈的对称轴线布置。
7.按权利要求1所述的万向球接头，其特征在于，万向球接头装在汽车的底盘里作为汽车水平传感器，其中万向球接头壳体(1)和球面轴颈(2)布置在汽车的底盘和车轮悬架之间。
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