CN100458456C - Method for realizing single-end fault range finding by utilizing long-line equation - Google Patents

Method for realizing single-end fault range finding by utilizing long-line equation Download PDF

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CN100458456C
CN100458456C CNB200610083818XA CN200610083818A CN100458456C CN 100458456 C CN100458456 C CN 100458456C CN B200610083818X A CNB200610083818X A CN B200610083818XA CN 200610083818 A CN200610083818 A CN 200610083818A CN 100458456 C CN100458456 C CN 100458456C
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reference point
impedance
installation place
trouble spot
protection
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CN1851490A (en
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徐振宇
杜兆强
黄少锋
魏会利
张效宇
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Beijing Sifang Automation Co Ltd
Beijing Sifang Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses fault range measuring method through single end voltage and current. Said invention first utilizes the end voltage and current to calculate the impedance, if the result is positive, it meaning the protective calculated impedance being greater than the impedance from installation place to reference point, using formula to calculate the real distance, if the result is negative, it meaning the trouble point being the middle place, the reference point should be less than 400k, said method is not influence by circuit distribution capacitance.

Description

Utilize long-line equation to realize the new method of one-end fault ranging
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power, relate more specifically to relay protection and utilize single-ended amount to realize the new method of one-end fault ranging.
Background technology
The ultra-high-tension power transmission line transmission distance is longer, the terrain environment numerous and complicated of road warp, and fault takes place inevitable substantially.When transmission line of electricity breaks down, need find out fault rapidly and in time get rid of or find as early as possible and handled, because directly having influence on, the length of troubleshooting time send electricity to ensure and the safe operation of system.The eliminating time is long more, and the loss that power failure is caused is big more, and is also big more to the impact of total system stable operation.Therefore, get rid of as early as possible or the processing transmission line malfunction, not only reliably power supply is most important with assurance to timely reparation circuit, and the safety and stability and the economical operation of electric system all had crucial meaning.The prerequisite of eliminating or handling failure is to find the definite position of trouble spot.Ultra-high-tension power transmission line geographical environment complexity along the line is crossed rugged mountain forest sometimes, crosses over the network of rivers, river sometimes.And a lot of accident vestiges artificial or transient fault often disappear after fault, can't reappear failure condition.Localization of fault solution just accurately, it has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
At present, the electric pressure of China just develops to 1000kV from 750kV, and along with the raising of electric pressure and the increase of line length, the method for in the past utilizing single-ended amount to carry out localization of fault more and more is difficult to measure accurately the distance of trouble spot apart from the protection installation place.Traditional way mainly contains following way:
Impedance method: the voltage that measures during according to fault, the magnitude of current calculate the impedance of fault loop.Because path length is directly proportional with impedance, therefore just can obtain by the distance of device installing place to the trouble spot.
Traveling wave method: utilize after the capable ripple of high frequency fault transient state current voltage or the fault position with indirect judgement trouble spots such as pulse frequency modulation radar systems.Traveling wave method requires the sampling rate height, at present, can't adopt in the route protection.
At present; the fault localization algorithm is mainly to adopt terminal voltage, electric current to calculate fault impedance in traditional route protection, or adopts vector method, or adopts and separate Differential Equation Algorithm; compare with the reactance of unit kilometer according to the line fault impedance again, the way of fault distance.Computing formula is as follows:
To single-phase fault:
Figure C20061008381800051
Figure C20061008381800053
Be the zero sequence compensation coefficient.
Figure C20061008381800054
The a certain single phase impedance that expression calculates,
Figure C20061008381800055
Be single-phase voltage,
Figure C20061008381800056
Be single-phase current.
To phase-to phase fault:
Figure C20061008381800057
Figure C20061008381800058
The alternate impedance that expression calculates,
Figure C200610083818000510
Be voltage between phases,
Figure C200610083818000511
For biphase current poor.
In line length during less than 400km, not too large by the error that traditional computing impedance is directly found range, should satisfy the needs of most of circuits, and for UHV (ultra-high voltage), long transmission line, owing to will increase the natural power of circuit transmission, therefore, need reduce the reactance of circuit, but increased the distributed capacitance of circuit simultaneously, can see by analyzing, on the long line of extra-high voltage, the electric current of the capacitance current of circuit and circuit transmission natural power is compared and can be reached more than 76%, and under the situation of so big capacitance current, must be to terminal voltage, the end electric current is a foundation, the error that with the lumped parameter is the impedance computation fault distance of Model Calculation can be increasing, far can not satisfy the requirement of extra-high voltage long transmission line, and along with the increase of line length, for the capacitance current of compensated line, might increase shunt reactor in the line, this situation is bigger to the error effect that traditional algorithm produces.By following formula (1) as can be known, the impedance that is directly measured by protection is not directly proportional with Route Length, and along with the increase of line length, error is increasing.The present invention is directed to the calculating of fault localization in present extra-high voltage, the long transmission line urgent need solution protection; proposed a kind of new algorithm, this algorithm can solve one-end fault impedance that data are surveyed preferably with the increase of line length and the error that raising brought of electric pressure.Emulation shows, in line length during less than 400km, directly utilize following formula (1) counter push away the fault distance error of surveying also smaller, if suitably select reference point, the error of calculation of fault localization also was greatly improved than originally.
Summary of the invention
For the extra-high voltage long transmission line, because the influence of line distribution capacitance electric current can not be ignored, therefore, traditional is foundation with the lumped parameter, relies on single-ended amount to carry out the fault localization algorithm because error can be increasing, can not use.The result that the present invention at first utilizes terminal voltage, end electric current impedance of calculating and the impedance of protecting the installation place to reference point to compare, if the result is for just, the impedance that the expression protection is calculated is greater than the impedance of protection installation place to reference point, therefore, at first utilize long-line equation that terminal voltage, end electric current are converted reference point, if shunt reactor is arranged, then need cut the electric current of shunt reactor, utilize the traditional algorithm computing impedance in reference point again, utilize the counter distance of releasing reference point to the trouble spot of following formula (1); Last again with the protection installation place to reference point apart from addition, draw the distance of real protection installation place to trouble spot; If the result is for negative; the expression fault is protecting the installation place to reference point; and the selection of reference point can not be greater than 400km; directly utilize counter the pushing away also of following formula (1) can obtain fault distance; because this formula has been considered distributed capacitance; therefore, this location algorithm is not subjected to the influence of line distribution capacitance.
According to the present invention, provide a kind of long-line equation that in the ultra-high-tension power transmission line of electric system, utilizes to calculate the new method that realizes one-end fault ranging, this method comprises the steps:
Line protective devices obtain the current/voltage instantaneous value to the current-voltage waveform sampling of mutual inductor; Obtain the phasor form of each electric parameters by fourier algorithm; The impedance Z of calculating protection installation place to trouble spot ' MfSelect reference point k, calculate the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point k Mk
If place computing impedance Z is installed in protection Mf' greater than the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point Mk, then utilize long-line equation will protect installation place voltage Electric current
Figure C20061008381800062
Calculate reference point voltage
Figure C20061008381800063
Electric current
Figure C20061008381800064
Electric current with reference point k
Figure C20061008381800065
Deduct the electric current of shunt reactor
Figure C20061008381800066
After obtain
Figure C20061008381800067
Utilize again
Figure C20061008381800069
The algorithm computation reference point k of computing impedance is to the impedance Z of trouble spot Kf, utilize Z KfCalculate reference point to the trouble spot apart from l Kf
According to an aspect of the present invention, wherein utilize following formula to calculate the distance of protection installation place to trouble spot:
Z＝Z c1th(γ 1l) (1)
If Z Mf' less than Z Mk, then directly by Z Mf' calculate and protect the distance of installation place far from the trouble spot;
In the formula: Z is the impedance of calculating by lumped parameter for the protection installation place, Z C1Be the positive sequence wave impedance of circuit, γ 1Be the positive sequence propagation coefficient of circuit, l is the protection distance of installation place to trouble spot or the reference point distance to the trouble spot, th (γ 1L) be hyperbolic tangent function;
If Z Mf' less than Z Mk, Z is Z Mf', then directly by Z Mf' calculate and protect the distance of installation place far from the trouble spot;
If Z Mf' greater than Z Mk, Z is for to convert the impedance Z that reference point is calculated by the phasor form Kf, can calculate reference point to the trouble spot apart from l Kf, with the l that calculates KfWith the protection installation place to reference point apart from l MkAddition obtains by protection the fault distance that the place is surveyed being installed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, wherein when judging Z Mf' greater than Z MkThe time, then following formula is as converting formula to reference point with terminal voltage, electric current by phasor, and formula is as follows:
U · k I · k = ch ( γl ) - Z c sh ( γl ) - sh ( γl ) / Z c ch ( γl ) U · m I · m m＝a，b，c，ab，bc，ca(2)
In the formula:
Figure C20061008381800072
Figure C20061008381800073
By protection installation place (m end) the vector of survey voltage, electric current,
Figure C20061008381800074
Figure C20061008381800075
Be voltage, the electric current of reference point k, γ is the propagation constant of circuit, Z cBe the wave impedance of circuit, l is that m holds to the distance of reference point k, ch (), and sh () is respectively cosh and hyperbolic sine function; This formula is set up on modulus, i.e. Z Mf' greater than Z MkBe with reference to the property condition, otherwise, fault distance directly calculated.
In the present invention, utilize formula (1) to separate atanh function call fault distance or reference point distance to the trouble spot.
According to another aspect of the present invention, wherein the selection of reference point is not more than 400 meters.
According to another aspect again of the present invention, wherein if Z Mf' greater than Z Mk, the last actual fault distance in protection installation place to trouble spot is l Mf=l Mk+ l Kf
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is for being provided with the impedance relay of reference point k;
Accompanying drawing 2 is realized the process flow diagram of fault localization for utilizing long-line equation.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to the method for relay protection fault localization in the field of power.A kind of way of carrying out fault localization by single ended voltage, electric current is disclosed.If when in the high-tension line shunt reactor being arranged; the installation place that can establish shunt reactor is that a reference point k is (as Fig. 1; with the m end is example; n end computing method are identical); compare with of the impedance of protection installation place by protection being installed the impedance of surveying in the place to reference point k; if institute's impedance of surveying to the impedance of reference point k, then utilizes long-line equation will protect installation place survey voltage greater than the protection installation place Electric current
Figure C20061008381800077
Convert to the voltage of reference point k in the mode of phasor calculation
Figure C20061008381800078
Electric current
Figure C20061008381800079
With electric current
Figure C200610083818000710
Deduct the electric current on the shunt reactor
Figure C200610083818000711
Utilize
Figure C200610083818000713
Figure C200610083818000714
Recomputate impedance again; The impedance that calculated this moment is the impedance Z of reference point k to trouble spot f Kf, pass through Z KfBy the counter distance of releasing reference point and trouble spot of long-line equation; at last; with the protection installation place to reference point k apart from addition; draw real method by protection installation place to trouble spot distance; if institute's impedance of surveying less than the protection installation place to the impedance of reference point k, the then direct distance of protecting installation place to trouble spot that calculates by long-line equation.This method comprises the steps: that line protective devices are sampled to voltage, the current waveform of mutual inductor and obtains voltage, current instantaneous value; Obtain the phasor form of each electric parameters by fourier algorithm; Calculate the impedance Z of protection installation place by the method for separating computing impedances such as the differential equation or vector method Mf'; At first judge the impedance Z of being calculated Mf' whether greater than the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point Mk, if greater than, then utilize long-line equation will protect the voltage of surveying
Figure C20061008381800081
Electric current
Figure C20061008381800082
Mode with phasor calculation calculates reference point, utilizes the method computing impedance Z of computing impedance more again Kf, utilize Z KfRelease reference point apart from the trouble spot distance by long-line equation, last, with the protection installation place to reference point apart from addition, must protect and the place is installed surveys fault distance, otherwise, directly by Z Mf' extrapolate fault distance.This method is to having or not shunt reactor all to be suitable in the middle of the circuit, and the fault distance accuracy height of surveying is reduced to minimum with the distribution parameter capacitance current to the influence of one-end fault ranging, is very beneficial for the eliminating of field accident.
Symbol in below discussing uses as follows: current transformer (being called for short TA, as follows) and voltage transformer (VT) (being called for short TV, as follows).
At first protect according to the TA of protection installation place and the instantaneous value that TV records electric current and voltage.
Secondly obtaining the phasor form of each electric parameters by fourier algorithm, according to selecting the phase result, is foundation with the lumped parameter then, utilizes formula (3) or (4) to calculate head end fault impedance Z Mf', if Z Mf' greater than Z Mk, then utilize formula (2) that head end voltage, electric current are converted reference point, if shunt reactor is arranged, then need deduct the electric current of shunt reactor, utilize formula (3) or (4) calculating reference point impedance Z again in reference point to the trouble spot Kf, utilize formula (1) to use Z again KfReplace Z, calculating reference point to the trouble spot apart from l Kf, last, real fault distance l Mf=l Kf+ l Mk, otherwise, can directly utilize formula (1) by Z Mf' directly calculate l MfSimultaneously, if Z Mf' greater than Z Mk, can correspondingly draw the last actual impedance Z in protection installation place to trouble spot Mf=Z Mk+ Z Kf
The logic of Xian Shiing with reference to the accompanying drawings, Z Mf' greater than Z MkBe the key that adopts long-line equation (2) to convert, otherwise, can not carry out conversion, directly utilize formula (1) to calculate fault localization.
During the actual zone internal fault, above range measurement principle is set up, and when protection opposite direction external area error, because protection can not moved, therefore, can not find range by mistake, and is therefore, also no problem.
For example; if protection is installed the impedance of place calculating greater than the distance of protection installation place to reference point; then utilize long-line equation will protect installation place survey voltage, electric current to convert reference point with the phasor form; after deducting the shunt reactor electric current; calculating reference point is to the impedance of trouble spot; solve the distance of trouble spot again to reference point, and with the protection installation place to reference point apart from addition, obtain real the fault distance that the place is seen being installed by protection.
If protection is installed the impedance of place calculating less than the distance of protection installation place to reference point, then directly extrapolate protection the fault distance that the place is seen is installed;
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the ultra-high-tension power transmission line that is provided with reference point k, for the circuit of shunt reactor is arranged between in the line, then reference point is chosen as the mounting points (k represents with symbol) of shunt reactor among the figure; If no shunt reactor, the then selection of reference point any (k represents with symbol), but protect the installation place can not surpass 400km to the length of reference point, described method is as follows:
If protection is installed the place and is surveyed impedance (with the m end is example, and n end computing method are identical) Z Mf' greater than the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point k Mk, then utilize long-line equation will protect installation place voltage, electric current to convert to reference point k, utilize voltage, the electric current of reference point k to calculate the impedance Z of k point again to f Kf, more by formula (1) extrapolate the k point to f order apart from l Kf, last and protection installation place to reference point apart from l MkAddition gets fault localization l Mf,, then need deduct the electric current of shunt reactor earlier if shunt reactor is arranged
Figure C20061008381800091
Computing impedance Z again Kf, calculate l again Mf
If protection is installed the place and is surveyed impedance (with the m end is example, and n end computing method are identical) Z Mf' less than the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point k Mk, directly by Z Mf' calculating l Mf

Claims (5)

1. one kind is utilized long-line equation to calculate the method that realizes one-end fault ranging in the ultra-high-tension power transmission line of electric system, and this method comprises the steps:
Line protective devices obtain the current/voltage instantaneous value to the current-voltage waveform sampling of mutual inductor;
Obtain the vector form of each electric parameters by fourier algorithm;
The impedance Z of calculating protection installation place to trouble spot ' Mf
Select reference point k, calculate the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point k Mk
If the impedance Z at place, protection installation place to the trouble spot of being calculated ' MfGreater than the impedance Z of protection installation place to reference point Mk, then utilize long-line equation will protect installation place voltage
Figure C2006100838180002C1
Electric current
Figure C2006100838180002C2
Calculate reference point voltage
Figure C2006100838180002C3
Electric current
Figure C2006100838180002C4
Electric current with reference point k
Figure C2006100838180002C5
Deduct the electric current of shunt reactor
Figure C2006100838180002C6
After obtain
Figure C2006100838180002C7
Utilize again
Figure C2006100838180002C8
The algorithm computation reference point k of computing impedance is to the impedance Z of trouble spot Kf, utilize Z KfCalculate reference point to the trouble spot apart from l Kf
Wherein utilize following formula to calculate the distance of protection installation place to trouble spot:
Z＝Z c1th(γ 1l)
In the formula: Z is the impedance of calculating by lumped parameter for protection, Z C1Be the positive sequence wave impedance of circuit, γ 1Be the positive sequence propagation coefficient of circuit, l is the protection distance of installation place to trouble spot or the reference point distance to the trouble spot, th (γ 1L) be hyperbolic tangent function;
If Z ' MfLess than Z Mk, Z is Z ' Mf, then directly by Z ' MfCalculate the distance of protection installation place far from the trouble spot;
If Z ' MfGreater than Z Mk, Z is for to convert the impedance Z that reference point is calculated by vector form Kf, can calculate reference point to the trouble spot apart from l Kf, with the l that calculates KfWith the protection installation place to reference point apart from l MkAddition obtains by protection the fault distance that the place is surveyed being installed.
2. method as claimed in claim 1 is wherein when judging Z ' MfGreater than Z MkThe time, then following formula is as converting formula to reference point with terminal voltage, electric current by vector, and formula is as follows:
U · k I · k = ch ( γl ) - Z c sh ( γl ) - sh ( γl ) / Z c ch ( γl ) U · m I · m - - - ( 2 )
In the formula:
Figure C2006100838180002C10
For the vector that voltage, electric current are surveyed in the place is installed in protection,
Figure C2006100838180002C11
Be voltage, the electric current of reference point k, γ is the propagation constant of circuit, Z cBe the wave impedance of circuit, l is that m holds to the distance of reference point k, ch (), and sh () is respectively cosh and hyperbolic sine function; This formula is set up on modulus, i.e. Z ' MfGreater than Z MkBe with reference to the property condition.
3. method according to claim 1: it is characterized in that utilizing described formula to separate the distance of atanh function call protection installation place to trouble spot or reference point distance to the trouble spot.
4. as the described method of one of claim 1-3, wherein reference point to the distance of protecting the installation place is not more than 400 meters.
5. as the described method of one of claim 1-3, wherein if Z ' MfGreater than Z Mk, the last actual impedance Z in protection installation place to trouble spot Mf=Z Mk+ Z Kf
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