CN100451416C - 多层树脂管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种多层树脂管具有由混合树脂制成的最外层,所述混合树脂是通过将基础树脂如不含任何弹性体的聚酰胺11或12与添加剂树脂如含弹性体的聚酰胺11或12进行混合,以使弹性体均匀分散在混合树脂中而制备的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车燃油管道的树脂管,更具体而言,涉及一种具有改进的冲击强度的多层树脂管。
背景技术
汽车上的燃油管一般都一直采用金属管。为提高金属管的耐蚀性和耐化学性,金属管要镀有或涂有树脂膜。
最近,已用树脂管代替金属管做燃油管道。树脂管有许多超过金属管的优点。树脂管不生锈、容易加工、质轻且能提高设计自由度。
聚酰胺11和聚酰胺12是普遍用来制造燃油管道的热塑性树脂。聚酰胺11和聚酰胺12具有优异的耐化学性和耐热性且是形成燃油管道的合适材料。
最近,已开发了功能性得到改进的三层和五层管。当包括具有低冲击强度的弱树脂层的树脂管受冲击时,该弱树脂层内会出现裂纹,且低强度树脂层中的裂纹会发展到整个管道。因此多层树脂管的最外树脂层要由含增塑剂为柔韧剂的树脂或含弹性体的树脂制成。
在形成管道的聚酰胺11或聚酰胺12中加入增塑剂的主要目的是要改进管道的柔韧性,但不会提高树脂管的低温耐冲击性。
多层树脂管中所包括的由含弹性体的树脂制成的最外层的冲击强度不足以保护多层树脂管的内层。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是解决现有技术中的上述问题并提供一种多层树脂管,其所具有的高冲击强度是主要分别由聚酰胺11和聚酰胺12制成的传统树脂管尚不能实现的。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种包括具有低冲击强度的弱树脂层但具有足够高冲击强度的多层树脂管。
本发明提供一种包括多树脂层的多层树脂管,各树脂层分别由热塑性树脂制成,其中多树脂层的最外层由混合树脂制成,混合树脂是通过将作为基础树脂的聚酰胺11或聚酰胺12与作为添加剂树脂的含弹性体聚酰胺11或聚酰胺12进行混合以使弹性体均匀分散在混合树脂中而制备的。
在本发明的多层树脂管内,弹性体是一种含烯烃作为主要组分的烯烃弹性体。优选所述烯烃是乙烯、丙烯或丁烯。
在拟与基础树脂混合的添加剂树脂中烯烃弹性体的含量等于或大于5重量%。烯烃弹性体含量如此的市售添加剂树脂是例如日本Atofina的RIRUSAN F15XN。
优选中间树脂层和/或最内树脂层是低渗透性树脂层。低渗透性树脂层可以由聚苯硫醚(PPS)、乙烯-乙烯醇树脂(EvOH)、液晶聚合物(LCP)或聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯树脂(PBN)制成。
具有由混合树脂制成的层的本发明多层树脂管具有传统树脂管尚未能实现的高冲击强度,所述混合树脂包含PA 11或PA 12作为基础树脂。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施方案中多层树脂管的截面图。
图2是本发明第二实施方案中多层树脂管的截面图。
图3是本发明第三实施方案中多层树脂管的截面图。
图4是本发明第四实施方案中多层树脂管的截面图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图描述本发明优选实施方案中的多层树脂管。
第一实施方案
参考图1,即本发明第一实施方案中多层树脂管的示意图,该多层树脂管是三层树脂管,它具有第一层,即外层,第二层,即粘合中间层,和第三层,即内层。该多层树脂管拟用作汽车燃油管。表1给出了形成第一实施方案多层树脂管中第一、第二和第三层所可能的树脂组合。
拟暴露于燃油的第三层由对燃油具有低渗透性的低渗透性树脂制成。术语“低渗透性”用来表示满足由下文渗透性试验方法所确定质量的树脂。用SHED试验机进行的CARB DBL法是一种试验燃油管树脂的代表性渗透性试验方法。
试验一根内径为6mm、外径为8mm和长度等于或大于5m的样品树脂管2。将该样品树脂管的相对端通过密封接头连接到一个由不锈钢制成的密闭容器。将充满试验燃油的树脂管在40℃保持50天或更长时间进行预处理。然后,将该预处理过的样品树脂管连接到SHED试验机上。SHED试验机测量渗透过样品树脂管的和样品树脂管内所含试验燃油中所含的烃量。当测得的烃量等于或低于50mg/m·天时,形成树脂管的树脂被称作低渗透性树脂。形成第三层的PPS是一种低渗透性树脂,它允许不大于50mg/m·天的烃量渗透过由该树脂制成的管道。
聚酰胺树脂如PA 11或PA 12用于形成第一层。当使用通过混合基础树脂与添加剂树脂制成的混合树脂时,基础树脂是例如不含任何弹性体的PA 11,而添加剂树脂是例如含弹性体的PA 11。粒状基础树脂,即粒状PA 11,以及粒状添加剂树脂,即粒状含弹性体的PA 11,通过干混法进行混合,以制成粒状混合树脂。形成第一层的粒状混合树脂要供料到挤出机并被该挤出机塑化。多层树脂管要用挤出机以共挤出法成形。第一、第二和第三层的材料可以分别由不同挤出机的塑化单元熔化并分别由这些挤出机挤出。
第二实施方案
参考图2,即本发明第二实施方案中多层树脂管的示意图,该多层树脂管是四层树脂管,具有由含弹性体树脂制成的第一层,即外层,由粘合剂制成的第二层,即粘合剂中间层,由低渗透性树脂制成的第三层,和第四层,即内层。表2给出了形成多层树脂管中第一、第二、第三和第四层所可能的树脂组合。
第四层由含碳纤维的导电PPS制成。优选第四层的电阻率等于或低于106Ω·cm。第四层的厚度必须等于或大于0.12mm。拟暴露于燃油的第四层是能防止静电累集的导电低渗透性树脂层。
第三实施方案
参考图3,即本发明第三实施方案中多层树脂管的示意图,该多层树脂管是五层树脂管,具有由含弹性体树脂制成的第一层,即外层,由粘合剂制成的第二层,即粘合剂中间层,由低渗透性树脂制成的第三层,第四层,即粘合剂层,和第五层,即内层。表3给出了形成这种多层树脂管中第一、第二、第三、第四和第五层所可能的树脂组合。
第三层,即低渗透性树脂层,由具有高抗渗透能力的树脂,如聚苯硫醚树脂(PPS)、乙烯-乙烯醇树脂(EvOH)、液晶聚合物(LCP)和聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯树脂(PBN)之一制成。
第五层由PA 11、PA 12、PPS或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(EFTE)制成。
第四实施方案
参考图4,即本发明第四实施方案中多层树脂管的示意图,该多层树脂管是六层树脂管,其第一、第二、第三、第四和第五层分别对应于第三实施方案中多层树脂管的第一、第二、第三、第四和第五层,而第六层,即最内层,由ETFE制成。表4给出了形成这种多层树脂管中第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六层所可能的树脂组合。
实施例
对实施例和对比例中的三层树脂管进行冷冲击试验。这些三层树脂管分别具有厚度不同的第一层。冷冲击试验的结果示于表5。实施例和对比例中的每个三层树脂管都具有厚0.1mm的第二层(粘合剂层)和厚0.2mm的第三层(PPS层)。
对比例1中三层树脂管的第一层由不合任何增塑剂的PA 11(BESNBK OTL,Atofina,日本)制成。对比例2中三层树脂管的第一层由含增塑剂的PA 11(BESN BK 020TL,Atofina,日本)制成。对比例3中三层树脂管的第一层由含弹性体的PA 11(RIRUSAN F15XN,Atofina,日本)制成。对比例4和5中三层树脂管的第一层由混合树脂制成,混合树脂各自是通过将不含任何弹性体的PA 11,即基础树脂,与含弹性体的PA 11,即添加剂树脂进行混合而制备的。含弹性体的PA 11与不含任何弹性体的PA 11之比是高的。每种混合树脂中含弹性体PA 11的含量为25~35重量%。
将样品三层树脂管在加热炉内于120℃保持130小时以促进热老化。然后将该样品三层树脂管在-40℃冰箱冷冻室内保持5小时,在冷冻室内将450g和900g的重物从300mm高度落到该样品三层树脂管上。目视检查该样品三层树脂管上是否有裂纹。在表5中,圆圈表示样品三层树脂管内未形成任何裂纹,而十字叉表示在样品三层树脂管内形成了裂纹。
从冷冲击试验的结果可以得知,第一层由不含任何增塑剂的PA 11制成的对比例1的三层树脂管具有低冲击强度,而对比例2的三层树脂管具有稍高的冲击强度,因为在形成第一层的PA 11中加入了增塑剂。对比例3的三层树脂管的数据表明含弹性体的PA11的冲击强度不高。由此推断,弹性体在PA 11中分散得不好并且在PA 11中简单地加入弹性体并不能直接导致冲击强度的提高。
实施例中的三层树脂管具有高冲击强度。由此推断,当基础树脂即PA 11与添加剂树脂即含弹性体的PA 11混合时,添加剂树脂中所含的絮凝弹性体已令人满意地均匀分散在混合树脂中了,所以弹性体有效地提高了冲击强度。
从对比例5中三层树脂管的数据清晰可见,冲击强度随含弹性体的PA 11含量的增加而降低。对比例4中三层树脂管的冲击强度基本上与对比例2中具有以含增塑剂的PA 11制成的第一层的三层树脂管的相同。由此推断,对比例4中三层树脂管的冲击强度是低的,因为在形成第一层的混合树脂中基础树脂的含量过少,最初絮凝的弹性体不能均匀地分散在混合树脂中。从冲击试验结果可知,要加进基础树脂的PA 11或PA 12的弹性体的含量必须等于或高于5重量%。
预计厚度过小的耐冲击层的冲击强度是低的,这一点已被冲击强度试验所证实。另一方面,未必较厚的耐冲击层就是理想的。从冲击强度试验结果可知,第一树脂层即耐冲击层的适当厚度是0.7~0.9mm。
表1
表2
表3
表4
表5
Claims (4)
1.一种多层树脂管,包含分别由热塑性树脂制成的多树脂层,
其中多树脂层的最外一层由混合树脂制成,该混合树脂是通过将作为基础树脂的不合弹性体的聚酰胺11或12和作为添加剂树脂的含所述弹性体的聚酰胺11或12仅仅进行混合以使所述弹性体均匀分散在混合树脂中而制备的,
其中中间树脂层和/或最内树脂层是低渗透性树脂层,所述低渗透性树脂层由聚苯硫醚树脂、乙烯-乙烯醇树脂、液晶聚合物或聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯树脂制成,
其中最外树脂层的厚度为0.7~0.9mm,
其中低渗透性树脂层具有要暴露于流经该多层树脂管的燃油的内表面,其电阻率等于或低于106Ω·cm。
2.按照权利要求1的多层树脂管,其中所述弹性体是烯烃弹性体,并且所述添加剂树脂中烯烃弹性体的含量等于或大于5重量%。
3.按照权利要求1的多层树脂管,其中用作低渗透性树脂层的最内层的厚度等于或大于0.12mm。
4.一种汽车燃油管,其包括按照权利要求1的多层树脂管。
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EP0601295A1 (de) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-15 | Hüls Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrschichtiges Kunststoffrohr |
US5425817A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1995-06-20 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Multilayer plastic pipe with polyamide inner and outer layers and a linear crystalline polyester intermediate layer |
US5910544A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1999-06-08 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition and process for production thereof and low permeability hose using the same |
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US20050000582A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-01-06 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Fuel hose |
JP4063046B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-28 | 2008-03-19 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | 燃料用ホースおよびその製法 |
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CA2452218C (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2011-08-30 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic polymer composition, molded product, and multilayer structure |
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JP2004239429A (ja) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-26 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | 自動車用燃料系ホース |
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US5425817A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1995-06-20 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Multilayer plastic pipe with polyamide inner and outer layers and a linear crystalline polyester intermediate layer |
EP0601295A1 (de) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-15 | Hüls Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrschichtiges Kunststoffrohr |
US5910544A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1999-06-08 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition and process for production thereof and low permeability hose using the same |
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EP1653137A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
CN1766395A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
JP2006125561A (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
EP1653137B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US20060093770A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
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