CN100450435C - Vector ECG instrument and carrying out method thereof - Google Patents
Vector ECG instrument and carrying out method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100450435C CN100450435C CNB2007100636040A CN200710063604A CN100450435C CN 100450435 C CN100450435 C CN 100450435C CN B2007100636040 A CNB2007100636040 A CN B2007100636040A CN 200710063604 A CN200710063604 A CN 200710063604A CN 100450435 C CN100450435 C CN 100450435C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing vector electrocardiograph, which projects the solid heart vectors on the front, horizontal, and side three planes, to form a plane electrocardiograph vector diagram, and sets the projections of several virtual lines on different angles and three plant rings, to form the liner expressed vector electrocardiograph. The virtual lines have 0-18 axles in 0-360 degrees of each plane to generate total 54 vector electrocardiographs. The invention can generate 1-78 coupled synchronous and/or selective twelve electrocardiographs, vector electrocardiograph, time electrocardiograph, steering time electrocardiograph, continuous electrocardiograph, or the like, while it can synchronously switch between one-dimension, two-dimension and three-dimension electrocardiographs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vectorcardigram instrument and implementation method, belong to medical diagnosis and instruments used for education field.
Background technology
1903, the first in the world platform electrocardiograph came out century-old so far surplus.Experience people's such as Einthoven-Goldberger-Wilson continuous effort, experienced string of a musical instrument type → coil rotation → directly trace development in science and technology stage of type → cathode ray type → computer type again.Formed gradually from time domain, the cover theory so that the one-dimensional linear mode is expressed is instructing clinical, teaching and scientific research work so far.After, people can not give expression to the spatial relationship of the three-dimensional electrocardio-activity of script and quite feel not enough this linear fashion.Nineteen fifties, many scholars have proposed the system of leading of more than 30 kind of VCG, 1956, because the corrected lead system that Frank proposes is reasonable in design, have and proofread and correct heart and be positioned at the left front in thoracic cavity and electrode number and simplify advantages such as seven pieces, generally acknowledged known and public by the insider.Vectorcardigram is called one dimension electrocardiogram (z-Vectorelectrocardiogram again, z-VECG/One dimensionalelectrocardiogram, 1D-ECG) with traditional electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram, ECG) essential identical all is the heart biology electrical activity figure of tracing out from body surface.Just stage difference, the system of leading difference, the processing method owing to development in science and technology is different different with the angle that same object is observed from the time-space domain, and its result is differed widely.Advantage as traditional electrocardiograph is the one-dimensional linear expression of time domain, can give expression to the frequency and the rhythm and pace of moving things of successive heartbeat simply; But formation principle, variation, phenomenon and meaning etc. for P, QRS, T and U waveform can not give full expression to and/or get across, for example supraventricular tachycardia is accompanied the Differential Diagnosis of wide QRS wave group, myocardium interior removing/multipole expands the diagnosis of cloth process, lack side, stereovision, cardiac electric axis angle blind area is excessive, and linearity/plane quantitative and qualitative numerical value is complicated not accurate or the like.Integrate, propose these difference, and develop vectorcardigram instrument (z-Vectorelectrocardiography, z-VECG), help homologous electrocardiosignal, synchronously one, two, change mutually, observe, measure, trace, impart knowledge to students in the three dimensions and cognitive; Help to set up the three-dimensional electrocardio view of development, from the time, objective integral body is observed the heart biology electrical activity meticulously the spatial domain; Help to correct wrong theory in the past, further improve the electrocardiology diagnostic level; Help to filter out comprehensive, careful, accurate, concise, practical and unique detection index.The direction that helps the clear and definite development of electrocardiology from now on.
In a word, the heart of human body is the flesh sexual organ of spatial a, hollow, and the bioelectric that itself is produced by cardiac muscle is one and has the electric field that direction in space and size constantly change.Adopt dimension theory or geometry principle and Frank corrected lead system in the mathematics, by computer and computer-aided design, go the synchronous conversion mutually of homology to observe the heart biology electrical activity from the methods of one-dimensional linear, two planes and 3 D stereo, cognitive ability is objective, complete sum is deep.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome conventional art structure deficiency, as: traditional electrocardiogram is different with the system of leading of vectorcardiogram, can not the homology comparison, and can only analogy; Being confined to impart knowledge to students go up illustrates that electrocardiogram is the theory that reprojection generated owing to vectorcardiogram, and not only practical value is little, and misleads easily; The tradition electrocardiogram can not be one, two, conversion mutually in the three dimensions, the sensitivity, specificity and the accuracy that are difficult to improve diagnosis again; The Electrocardiographic advantage of tradition is that linearity in the time domain is expressed, and lacks the plane in the spatial domain and the expression of three-dimensional methods, makes diagnostic result subjectivity, unilateral, empirical; The tradition electrocardiogram is greater than 10 electrode wires with greater than 18 practices of leading, and is complicated far beyond the 54 lead vector electrocardiograms that generated by 7 electrode wires; Or the like.
The invention provides a kind of vectorcardigram instrument and implementation method, in order to clinical diagnosis, teaching and scientific research.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method;
A kind of vectorcardigram instrument comprises the demonstration tracing device of ECG collection device, signal processing apparatus and vectorcardigram instrument.
ECG collection device comprises: 16 electrode wires, parallel 15 passages input Einthoven-Goldberger-Wilson and Frank lead system; 15 isolation levels; Resistor network; 15 lead systems; Preamplifier; Wave filter; Two-stage amplifier; Photoisolator; Sampling holder; Analog digital conversion (A/D); USB interface; (Fig. 1)
The demonstration tracing device of vectorcardigram instrument comprises the PC computer, drawing apparatus or heat-sensitive recorder;
Signal processing apparatus comprises: described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out spatial domain and handle, comprise intersect vertically mutually a 3 D stereo mind-set amount model that constitutes and a mind-set amount three dimensions processing unit drawing corresponding geometric locus by described output device by X, Y, three of Z;
Described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal give plane treatment, comprise and form by X-Y that face amount, X-Z are formed plane of structure, Y-Z forms a lateral mind-set amount two-dimensional space processing unit;
Described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out the processing of linear projection, comprise virtual axis of leads is projected in and form face amount, X-Z by X-Y and form plane of structure and Y-Z and form processing unit on the side;
The three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described electrical signal collection device output is carried out comprehensive analysis processing, and observe an image and an integerated analytic unit drawing corresponding curve by output device.
The three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described electrical signal collection device output is carried out comprehensive analysis processing, and observe the teaching image module unit of three-dimensional Electrocardiographic generation, conversion by output device.
The vectorcardigram generating principle: vectorcardigram has promptly write down each space voltage amplitude constantly of human heart bio electricity data from the lead orthogonal ECG data of system of Frank.
The computing formula of space electrocardial vector amplitude:
Annotate: SE is the amplitude of space vector figure; EX
2EY
2EZ
2For P, QRS, T, U or st vector respectively in the projection of X, Y, Z axle.
Voltage according to vectorcardigram is the component principle of three-dimensional mind-set amount voltage at certain space angle, can design a space vector axle, the axle towards being exactly certain angle of leading, then each space vector is carried out upright projection seriatim on spatial axes, as shown in Figure 2.According to the component principle, judge the scale value that is projected on this, in fact be exactly the component that space vector is obtained on this leads, therefore we can say that the amplitude of vectorcardigram is actually the upright projection of three-dimensional mind-set amount on certain spatial axes.
Leading of vectorcardigram is one group of virtual axis of leads with software set.Be convenient and understand, can be divided into by tangible and invisible leading: " leading firmly " and " soft leading ", the former is led tangible the leading that line and acquisition system constitute by physics, as current general electrocardiogram lead line; The latter is virtual the leading of being realized by computer software.All there are a face attribute and an angle attribute each virtual leading, is used for determining how many which face and angles in this face be.According to these two attributes, determine the direction of this axis of leads, arrow points is just (+), otherwise is negative (-), the central point of axle is zero (0).By COMPUTER CALCULATION and draw the electrocardiographic wave of this axis of leads.
On any one face, can set unlimited virtual leading in theory.And the virtual axis of leads that native system provides, only allow 0～360 degree scope on face amount (F), plane of structure (H) and side (S), set 0～18 axis of leads, three faces are provided with 54 virtual axis of leads altogether, each leads and can adjust the angle of its axis of leads as required, minimum angle between the axis of leads is 0.5 degree, and the axis of leads of adjusting can not be crossed over the axis of leads before and after it.
In a word, vectorcardigram is to adopt the Frank corrected lead system, the linear electrocardiogram that calculates from three-dimensional electrocardial vector data and express in the one dimension mode.Each transient voltage component in the space is represented with one " spatial point ", each spatial point far-end is linked to be a curve, just formed three-dimensional ring, call it " three-dimensional heart vector loop ".So-called " twice projection theory " is projected in (once simplifying) behind volume, horizontal stroke, three planes of side, formation plane vectorcardiogram (VCG) with three-dimensional heart vector loop; On three plane ring bodies, do the projection (simplifying once more) of some the virtual axis that lead again, just formed the vectorcardigram (z-VECG) that linear mode is expressed from different angles.
The figure of drawing comprises: 12 lead electrocardiogram, orthogonal ECG, vectorcardigram, timed vectorcardiogram, break-in timed vectorcardiogram, continuous vectorcardiogram, decomposition/amplification vectorcardiogram, sterevectorelectrocardiogram.Simultaneously, above-mentioned figure can be in 1～78 leads, homology, synchronously or the subitem combination trace; Also can in one dimension, two and three dimensions electrocardiogram, homology change in real time synchronously, observe and trace.
The teaching demonstration figure comprises: the demonstration graph of singly leading of vectorcardigram; Multi-lead vectorcardigram moment generation demonstration graph; The amplitude and the angle displayed map of the maximum mind-set amount of projection and QRS of freely leading.
Vectorcardigram (z-VECG) meaning:
1. to the arbitrarily angled linearity observation of doing the synchronous multi-lead axle of homology in volume, horizontal stroke, three planes of side, " angle blind area " side excessive and disappearance that remedies traditional electrocardiogram lead axle is observed.
2. vectorcardigram (z-VECG) and the difference of traditional electrocardiogram (ECG) system that is to lead is different, and the former can be one, two, conversion mutually in the three dimensions, make the result of observed object more objective, comprehensive, careful and accurate; The latter can not resemble mutual conversion the former, can only go to observe from time domain, also is referred to as " empirical science ".
3. help to set up the three-dimensional electrocardio view of development, from the time, the spatial domain objective integral body of comprehensive full angle observes the heart biology electrical activity meticulously.
To the information of cardiac electrical activity carry out in real time, synchronously, homology, multidimensional, conversion, observe and trace; For example: vectorcardigram (ZV-ECG/1D-ECG) advantage is to illustrate the sequential (frequency and the rhythm and pace of moving things) of successive heartbeat; The 2D-ECG advantage is to the cognition of 1D-ECG waveform morphology (change mechanism of the P, the QRS that are formed by cardiac muscle electricity/chemistry expansion cloth, T, U waveform promptly is described); The 3D-ECG advantage is that numerical value is precisely unique, intuitively visual.Straight line, plane are different with the advantage that spatial three kinds of methods show separately, have only complementation, unification, cognitive could be objective, complete sum is deep.
5. vectorcardigram is placed because of electrode and simply fix, and it is little to be subjected to individual variation to influence more traditional electrocardiogram, thus the standardization of being convenient to diagnosis index in the world with unitize.
6. vectorcardigram is only observed with the side of the lead line and the disappearance of 7 alternative traditional electrocardiograms of the line that leads 〉=10.And in the plane with minimum be 0.5 the degree angle, arbitrarily set some the virtual axis that lead.
7. help to correct wrong theory in the past, further improve the electrocardiology diagnostic level;
8. help to filter out comprehensive, careful, accurate, concise, practical and unique detection index;
9. the direction that helps the development of clear and definite electrocardiology from now on drives and multidisciplinaryly deeply develops to direction in length and breadth.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples invention is further specified.
A kind of vectorcardigram instrument of Fig. 1 structural representation;
Fig. 2 vectorcardigram generating principle figure;
Fig. 3 vectorcardigram [volume F, horizontal H, three faces of side S, 54 lead];
The demonstration graph of singly leading of Fig. 4 vectorcardigram;
Fig. 5 multi-lead vectorcardigram moment generation demonstration graph;
Fig. 6 projection that freely leads;
The amplitude and the angle displayed map of the maximum mind-set amount of Fig. 7 QRS;
Fig. 8 orthogonal ECG (O-ECG), break-in timed vectorcardiogram (CT-VCG), timed vectorcardiogram (T-VCG), continuous vectorcardiogram (C-VCG) and decomposition/amplification vectorcardiogram (D/A-VCG);
Fig. 9 Stereo ECG (3D-ECG).
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of vectorcardigram instrument, 16 electrode wires/15 paths, time-space domain.One dimension, the Electrocardiographic real-time homology of two and three dimensions are changed synchronously and are observed and trace.
16 electrode wires, parallel 15 passages input Einthoven-Goldberger-Wilson and Frank lead system; 15 isolation levels; Resistor network; 15 lead systems; Preamplifier; Wave filter; Two-stage amplifier; Photoisolator; Sampling holder; Analog digital conversion (A/D); USB interface; The PC computer; Drawing apparatus or heat-sensitive recorder.
Signal processing apparatus comprises:
Described electrical signal collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out spatial domain and handle, comprise intersect vertically mutually a 3 D stereo mind-set amount model that constitutes and a mind-set amount three dimensions processing unit drawing corresponding geometric locus by described output device by X, Y, three of Z;
Described electrical signal collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal give plane treatment, comprise and form by X-Y that face amount, X-Z are formed plane of structure, Y-Z forms a lateral mind-set amount two-dimensional space processing unit;
Described electrical signal collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out the processing of linear projection, comprise virtual axis of leads is projected in respectively and form by X-Y that face amount, X-Z are formed plane of structure and Y-Z forms the processing unit that lateral one-dimensional linear is expressed;
The three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described electrical signal collection device output is carried out comprehensive analysis processing, and observe an image and an integerated analytic unit drawing response curve by output device;
Shown in Fig. 8-9, the curve of drawing comprises: 12 lead electrocardiogram, orthogonal ECG, vectorcardigram, timed vectorcardiogram, break-in timed vectorcardiogram, continuous vectorcardiogram and sterevectorelectrocardiogram.Above-mentioned figure can be synchronously or the output device drawn continuously of subitem.
A kind of vectorcardigram instrument and implementation method include following steps:
A mind-set amount three dimensions processing unit is exported each road mind-set amount signal to described electrical signal collection device and is carried out the spatial domain processing, comprises by X, Y, three axis that intersect vertically of Z constituting 3 D stereo mind-set amount model and drawing corresponding geometric locus by described output device;
A mind-set amount two-dimensional space processing unit is exported each road mind-set amount signal to described electrical signal collection device and is given plane treatment, comprises being made up of X-Y that face amount, X-Z are formed plane of structure, Y-Z forms the side;
A mind-set amount one-dimensional linear processing unit is exported each road mind-set amount signal to described electrical signal collection device and is carried out the processing of linear projection, comprise with virtual axis of leads be projected in by X-Y form face amount, X-Z forms plane of structure and Y-Z forms on the side;
Integerated analytic unit is carried out comprehensive analysis processing to the three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described electrical signal collection device output, and by the output device view image with draw corresponding curve;
Behind the analysis-by-synthesis, the curve of drawing by output device comprises: 12 lead electrocardiogram, orthogonal ECG, vectorcardigram, timed vectorcardiogram, break-in timed vectorcardiogram, vectorcardiogram, sterevectorelectrocardiogram, simultaneously continuously, above-mentioned figure can be itemized and be traced, and also can trace continuously synchronously.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 3, leading of vectorcardigram is virtual leading of being realized by computer software.Each is virtual leads a face attribute, an angle attribute and determine this direction of leading after, computer just can and be traced out corresponding EGC pattern according to this axis of leads calculating.
The virtual axis of leads that native system provides, be respectively on face amount, plane of structure and side in 0～360 degree scope in, set 0～18 axis of leads, establish 54 virtual axis of leads altogether for three, the minimum number of degrees are 0.5 degree between each axis of leads, and the angle of each axis of leads can be set as required.Vectorcardigram (z-VECG) can be led electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstration synchronously with tradition 12 and be traced, and also can observe synchronously with other two dimensions or three-dimensional electrocardiogram and trace.
Embodiment 3:
The vectorcardigram instrument also provides a kind of teaching demonstration functional module, helps to understand one, two, generates the mutual relation of conversion between the three-dimensional electrocardiogram.As: Fig. 4. the vectorcardigram that generates when showing that the axis of leads angle is 30 ° in the face amount.Fig. 5. for plane of structure multi-lead vectorcardigram moment generation demonstration, be dynamic procedure for displaying, promptly, hold (terminal point) to end from the starting end (starting point) of plane VCG at a cardiac cycle.When describing with instantaneous time pointwise passing, each axis of leads shows synchronously and depicts corresponding vectorcardigram by the angle in each comfortable coordinate system.Fig. 6. the projection of " free axis of leads " is a kind of display mode of z-VECG and VCG contrast.Free axis of leads is an axis of leads that is arbitrarily changed angle by the user, this is a line of vector that has direction arrow, the central point of line of vector is positioned at VCG origin (0), a millivolt unit scale is arranged on the line of vector, be used for weighing amplitude, the direction of arrow be the vectorcardigram amplitude on the occasion of (+), otherwise be negative value (-).When this axis of leads of rotation arrives some angles, corresponding z-VECG appears simultaneously, be convenient to teaching and cognitive.The amplitude of the maximum mind-set amount of Fig. 7 .QRS and angle be used for the discriminant vector ring main body towards, as all around, up and down, be provided with two kinds of demonstrations: 1. the maximum vector amplitude and the angle that are two dimension (plane) VCG; 2. be three-dimensional (solid) Electrocardiographic maximum vector amplitude and angle.Though two vectors are very approaching even overlap in the time of many, they are two different amounts of objective reality, non-ly definitely are equal to.Mark with two kinds of different colours respectively.
Claims (7)
1. vectorcardigram instrument implementation method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1. is gathered the lead orthogonal ECG data of system of Frank, each space voltage amplitude constantly of recorder's systemic heart bio electricity;
Step 2. is set virtual axis of leads: the axis of leads of vectorcardigram was made up of one group of virtual leading with software set, all there are a face attribute and an angle attribute each virtual leading, and determine the direction of axis of leads, on face amount F, plane of structure H and side S in separately 0～360 degree scope, set 0～18 axis of leads, set greater than 0～54 virtual axis of leads on three planes, adjust its axis of leads angle, the minimum angle between the axis of leads is 0.5 degree;
Step 3. is represented each transient voltage component in the space with one " spatial point "; The far-end of each spatial point is linked to be a curve, has just formed three-dimensional heart vector loop; After three-dimensional heart vector loop is projected in volume, horizontal stroke, three planes of side, form plane vectorcardiogram Vectorcardiogram, i.e. VCG; On three plane ring bodies, do the projection of some the virtual axis that lead again, by COMPUTER CALCULATION and draw the vectorcardigram waveform of this axis of leads from different angles.
2. a kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the vectorcardigram of tracing out respective virtual axis of leads number and angle on volume F, horizontal H, three planes of side S synchronously.
3. a kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: vectorcardigram z-VECG and plane vectorcardiogram VCG contrast show, be that electrical activity data with a cardiac cycle are foundation, the center of three inspection surface F, H, S is VCG, and z-VECG is looped around around the VCG as dynamic display types with separately angle.
4. a kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: hold to end from the starting end of VCG, describe according to instantaneous time pointwise passing, dynamic synchronization is described vectorcardigram z-VECG periphery, each virtual axis of leads simultaneously.
5. a kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: set " free axis of leads ", three faces have a free axis of leads separately, this central point is positioned at plane VCG origin, a millivolt unit scale is arranged on the axis, arrow be the z-VECG amplitude on the occasion of, otherwise be negative value; Its display effect is that VCG does not change, and free axis of leads is being when the center arbitrarily rotates with the initial point, dynamically depicts the z-VECG of corresponding coordinate angle.
6. a kind of vectorcardigram instrument implementation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: 1～78 leads synchronously or selectivity is traced: 12 lead electrocardiogram, orthogonal ECG, vectorcardigram, timed vectorcardiogram, break-in timed vectorcardiogram, vectorcardiogram, sterevectorelectrocardiogram and stereoscopic image electrocardiogram continuously.
7. a vectorcardigram instrument is characterized in that: comprise the display device of ECG collection device, signal processing apparatus and vectorcardigram instrument;
ECG collection device comprises: 16 electrode wires, parallel 15 passages input Einthoven-Goldberger-Wilson and Frank lead system; 15 isolation levels; Resistor network; 15 lead systems; Preamplifier; Wave filter; Two-stage amplifier; Photoisolator; Sampling holder; Analog-digital conversion a/d; USB interface;
The display device of vectorcardigram instrument comprises the PC computer; Drawing apparatus or heat-sensitive recorder;
Signal processing apparatus comprises: described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out spatial domain and handle, comprise by X, Y, three axis that intersect vertically of Z constituting 3 D stereo mind-set amount model and drawing a mind-set amount three dimensions processing unit of corresponding geometric locus by output device;
Described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal give plane treatment, comprise and form by X-Y that face amount, X-Z are formed plane of structure, Y-Z forms a lateral mind-set amount two-dimensional space processing unit;
Described ECG collection device is exported each road mind-set amount signal carry out the processing of linear projection, comprise virtual axis of leads is projected in respectively and form face amount, X-Z by X-Y and form the processing unit that plane of structure and Y-Z form a lateral mind-set amount one-dimensional linear;
The three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described ECG collection device output is carried out comprehensive analysis processing, and observe an image and an integerated analytic unit drawing response curve by output device;
The three-dimensional electrocardiosignal of 1D linearity, 2D plane and the 3D of described ECG collection device output is carried out comprehensive analysis processing, and observe the teaching image module unit of three-dimensional Electrocardiographic generation, conversion by output device.
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| US20130041276A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-02-14 | Edan Instruments, Inc. | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY DETECTING AND ANALYZING PEDIATRIC ECGs |
| CN102793539B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-07-09 | 深圳市理邦精密仪器股份有限公司 | Vector cardiogram detection and analysis method and system |
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| CN111543979B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2024-02-06 | 许祥林 | Method for outputting electrocardiographic vector diagram by conventional leads |
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