CN103637794A - Three-dimensional color coding display method for myocardial blood volume distribution - Google Patents
Three-dimensional color coding display method for myocardial blood volume distribution Download PDFInfo
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
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- 230000003601 intercostal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000001562 sternum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000222065 Lycoperdon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000768494 Polymorphum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010247 heart contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种心肌血量分布三维彩色编码显示方法，将心电信号中包含的血量分布信息转化为直观的三维彩色模型上。该方法采集人体十二导联的心电图，将心电图中包含的心肌血量分布信息——ST段的偏移量提取出。在心电轴系统中，通过各导联ST段损伤向量的逆投影得出总的心电损伤向量。建立标准的三维心脏模型，血量分布稀缺区域的中心位置为总损伤向量与心脏模型表面的交点，分布范围和总损伤向量大小成正比，并根据各个位置与血量分布稀缺区域的中心距离的不同进行RGB编码，从而显示出心肌血量在心脏模型表面的分布。
The invention relates to a three-dimensional color coded display method for myocardial blood volume distribution, which converts blood volume distribution information contained in electrocardiographic signals into an intuitive three-dimensional color model. The method collects twelve-lead electrocardiograms of the human body, and extracts the myocardial blood volume distribution information contained in the electrocardiograms—the offset of the ST segment. In the electrocardiographic axis system, the total electrocardiographic injury vector is obtained through the inverse projection of the ST segment injury vector of each lead. Establish a standard three-dimensional heart model, the central position of the blood volume distribution scarcity area is the intersection point of the total damage vector and the surface of the heart model, the distribution range is proportional to the total damage vector size, and according to the distance between each position and the center of the blood volume distribution scarcity RGB coding is performed differently to show the distribution of myocardial blood volume on the surface of the heart model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to show by three-dimensional colour heart model directly perceived the method that myocardium blood volume distributes, particularly a kind of display packing that is converted to three-dimensional colour coding by one dimension electrocardiosignal.
Background technology
Electrocardiogram: heart is in each cardiac cycle, in succession excited by pacemaker, atrium, ventricle, is accompanied by bioelectric variation, draws the figure (being called for short ECG) of the potential change of various ways from body surface by electrocardiograph.Electrocardiogram is the objective indicator of generation, propagation and the recovery process of heart excitement.Electrocardiogram has comprised the information that Heart center flesh blood volume distributes, but not two-dimentional or three-dimensional blood volume distribution situation, the situation that simple one dimension ECG signal can only distribute to myocardium blood volume by empirical equation be analyzed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing is provided, use portable gauge to gather out human body 12 and lead electrocardiogram, one dimension electrocardiosignal is converted into three-dimensional image information, according to the feature extraction of primary signal, go out useful information, two-dimentional cardiac electric axis system is improved to three-dimensional cardiac electric axis system, by the contrary projection of electrocardial vector, use the synthetic ST of method of least square always to damage vector, and demonstrate by its direction and size scope and the degree that heart blood volume distributes.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing, the method comprises that the obtaining of electrocardiosignal, the calculating of ST field offset amount, the contrary projection of electrocardial vector, myocardium blood volume distribution are definite, the realization of coloud coding, wherein:
Electrode connection is identical with the connection of conventional twelve-lead electrocardiogram.V1 leads at right border of sternum the 4th intercostal, and V2 leads at left border of sternum the 4th intercostal, and V3 leads at the mid point of V2 and V4 line, and V4 leads at left mid-clavicular line and the 5th intercostal place, V
5lead and V
6lead and V
4lead in same level, lay respectively at left anterior axillary line and left midaxillary line.Right upper extremity is red conducting wire, and left upper extremity is yellow conducting wire, and left lower extremity is green, and right lower extremity is black.
It is carried out to pretreatment after signal-obtaining, a time period of setting (tentative 10s), R ripple is the wave band of electrocardiosignal amplitude maximum in each heart beating, and the R wave crest point place backward potential value of 108ms is used for characterizing the current potential V of ST section
1, the R wave crest point place forward potential value of 80ms is used for characterizing reference potential V
0, the side-play amount V of ST section
sT=V
1-V
0; Every the ST field offset value of leading is obtained successively.
Cardiac electric axis system is in three-dimensional system of coordinate XYZ, and XZ plane represents human body cross section, and XY plane represents human body face amount, Z axis be oriented human body the place ahead to, X-axis is on human body face amount and the cross section intersection of human body, Y-axis, on face amount, is oriented.Vectorial axle corresponding to the I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF of leading, on face amount, is 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° ,-150 ° ,-30 °, 90 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) respectively at X-axis; V leads
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6corresponding vectorial axle, on horizontal plane, is 115 °, 90 °, 65 °, 40 °, 15 ° ,-10 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) respectively at X-axis.The ST compass of Denmark Aalborg university research thinks that the ST damage vector of frontal plane lead I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF is the projection that the total ST damage of face amount vector leads in cardiac electric axis at these, horizontal plane lead V
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6sT damage vector be the vectorial projection of leading in cardiac electric axis at these of the total ST damage of horizontal plane.The present invention is combined into space cardiac electric axis system, and total ST damage vector is at the 12 ST damage vectors that being projected as in cardiac electric axis respectively lead that lead.Therefore respectively lead, there is contradiction solution in the vectorial direction vector group that mould=total damage vector respectively leads of damage when equation solution always damages vector thus, the right side, equation both sides takes advantage of the transposition of the direction vector group of respectively leading to draw the least square solution that total damage is vectorial.
Take that always to damage vectorial starting point (zero) be conical tip, total damage vector is as the high direction of circular cone, and crossing region myocardium blood volume distributes less, and central area is the joining that ST always damages vectorial extended line and heart model surface; Be the point of heart surface when always damaging vectorial angle and be less than angle value θ with respect to the vector sum of zero cardiac muscle blood volume distribute more rarely, the tangent value of θ and the vectorial size of total damage are directly proportional.
Compared with prior art, the present invention effectively changes one dimension electrocardiosignal into intuitive and reliable three-dimensional colour model; Adopt space cardiac electric axis system, more effective than the cardiac electric axis system of two dimensional surface; Not only consider 12 electrocardial vectors role separately, but consider the relation between each electrocardial vector and sum vector.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hardware block diagram that detects electrocardiosignal;
Fig. 2 is electrocardiographic wave;
Fig. 3 is face amount and cross section cardiac electric axis system;
Fig. 4 is space cardiac electric axis system;
Fig. 5 is three-dimensional cardiac model;
Fig. 6 is myocardium blood volume distribution displaying principle;
Fig. 7 is that myocardium blood volume is distributed in the case showing on heart model.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 has described the hardware block diagram of ecg signal acquiring, uses ADS1298 that the electrocardiosignal of electrode collection is converted into digital signal, and digital signal is processed and transmitted back computer through FPGA, and sample rate is 500SPS.Computer is controlled the working method of ADS1298 by host computer procedure.
The connection of electrode is as follows: V1 leads at right border of sternum the 4th intercostal, and V2 leads at left border of sternum the 4th intercostal, and V3 leads at the mid point of V2 and V4 line, and V4 leads at left mid-clavicular line and the 5th intercostal place, V
5lead and V
6lead and V
4lead in same level, lay respectively at left anterior axillary line and left midaxillary line.Right upper extremity is red conducting wire, and left upper extremity is yellow conducting wire, and left lower extremity is green, and right lower extremity is black.
Fig. 2 has described the electrocardiogram of standard, and after electrocardiosignal reads, in a time window, (tentative 10s) carries out pretreatment to it.The average voltage of each 10 points before and after the magnitude of voltage of each point of sampling is deducted, be that class high-pass filtering is processed, filter out the situation that T ripple potential value in some electrocardiogram is likely greater than R ripple potential value, processing the peak value position of signal is later exactly R wave crest point (as shown in Figure 2).Determine after R wave crest point, get the potential value of its front 80ms and the potential value of rear 108ms is used for respectively characterizing reference potential value V
0and the potential value V of ST section
1, the side-play amount V of ST section
sT=V
1-V
0; Article 12, the ST field offset value of leading thus method is obtained successively.
Fig. 3 has described face amount cardiac electric axis system and horizontal plane cardiac electric axis system, and the X-axis in figure is the intersection of face amount and horizontal plane, towards the right side of human body.V leads
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6corresponding vectorial axle all on horizontal plane, is-115 ° ,-90 ° ,-65 ° ,-40 ° ,-15 °, 10 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) respectively at X-axis; Vectorial axle corresponding to the I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF of leading, on face amount, is 0 ° ,-60 ° ,-120 °, 150 °, 30 °, 90 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) respectively at X-axis.
In these two-dimentional cardiac electric axis systems, the ST of frontal plane lead I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF damage vector is the vectorial projection of leading in cardiac electric axis at these of the total ST damage of face amount, the cross section V that leads
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6sT damage vector be the vectorial projection of leading in cardiac electric axis at these of the total ST damage of horizontal plane.
Fig. 4 has described space cardiac electric axis system, and this system combines the two-dimentional cardiac electric axis of face amount and horizontal plane.In these three systems, exist 12 cardiac electric axis Correspondence lead V respectively
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6, I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF.Each ST field offset value of leading has represented respectively the mould of vector in corresponding cardiac electric axis.
The ST damage vector of 12 lead is that the projection that vector leads in cardiac electric axis at these is always damaged in space.Measure after the ST field offset value of 12 lead, and the direction of known every the cardiac electric axis of leading, by Converse solved matrix equation group, just can solve total ST damage vector.The cardiac electric axis direction vector that 12 lead is corresponding and the ST field offset value of respectively leading are as follows:
Equation solution thus
Will cause contradiction solution, equal sign both sides premultiplication:
Obtain the least square solution of this inconsistent equation group, use total damage vector between least square solution clearancen.
From Fig. 3 and Fig. 4,
Fig. 5 has described heart threedimensional model, by the Surface disintegration of this model, is a plurality of small trianglees, preserves the RGB encoded radio of each vertex of a triangle coordinate and Fill Color.The triangle number that model surface decomposes is more, expression cardiac muscle blood volume distribution situation that more can be accurate and visual, but also can cause calculating slowly, therefore triangle number is decided to be to 6000.
Fig. 6 has described the determination methods that myocardium blood volume distributes, and the myocardium blood volume rare center that distributes is positioned at the joining that ST always damages vectorial extended line and heart surface.
On heart surface, each point always damages between vector and has an angle with respect to the formed vector sum ST of zero, and when angle is less than θ, the Fill Color that this point is sitting in position changes purple (in Fig. 6, violet region dots) into.Wherein the tangent value of θ and ST always damage vectorial size and are directly proportional.
Fig. 7 has described the demonstration case that myocardium blood volume distributes, the full region of blood volume shown in red (Fig. 7 cardiac surface red area is represented by Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt); If from heart model initial point, the vector sum ST forming separately to a model surface Atria summit always damages vectorial angle and is all less than decision content θ, myocardium blood volume is herein comparatively rare, change the rgb value of this triangle Fill Color: the average that the corresponding vector sum in summit is always damaged vectorial angulation is less, color more deeply more purple (Fig. 7 cardiac surface violet region is represented by black).
Claims (4)
1. a myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing, is characterized in that: comprise the obtaining of electrocardiosignal, the calculating of ST field offset amount, the determining of the contrary projection of electrocardial vector, electrocardial vector center, myocardium blood volume distribution is definite, the realization of blood volume distribution coloud coding;
From human body, measure twelve-lead electrocardiogram: be respectively chest lead V
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6and limb lead I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, within the time period of setting, the signal respectively leading to be processed, in signal, peak is R wave crest point, it is reference voltage V that R wave crest is put the magnitude of voltage of 80ms forward
0, it is ST segment value V that R wave crest is put the magnitude of voltage of 108ms backward
1, the side-play amount V of ST section
sT=V
1-V
0; The V respectively leading
sTvalue is the mould of the damage vector of Correspondence lead in cardiac electric axis system, and the damage of respectively leading vector is the projection of total damage vector in the corresponding cardiac electric axis of respectively leading;
Cardiac electric axis system is put in three-dimensional system of coordinate XYZ, XZ plane represents human body cross section, XY plane represents human body face amount, parallel with cephalocaudal axis and with the perpendicular tangent plane of sagittal plane and cross section, Z axis be oriented human body the place ahead to, X-axis is on human body face amount and the cross section intersection of human body, and Y-axis, on face amount, is oriented; Vectorial axle corresponding to the I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF of leading, on face amount, is 0 ° ,-60 ° ,-120 °, 150 °, 30 ° ,-90 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) with X-axis respectively; V leads
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, V
5, V
6corresponding vectorial axle, on horizontal plane, is respectively-115 ° ,-90 ° ,-65 ° ,-40 ° ,-15 °, 10 ° (from X-axis, being rotated counterclockwise) with X-axis;
Heart model Surface disintegration is a plurality of small trianglees, preserves the RGB encoded radio of each vertex of a triangle information and Fill Color; Always damage vectorial starting point as summit, always damage vectorial direction as high direction, make circular cone and heart model and intersect, crossing regional myocardial blood volume distributes rare, and other region blood volumes fill.
2. according to a kind of myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing shown in claim 1, it is characterized in that the direction vector group that the vectorial mould of damage=total damage vector respectively leads of respectively leading, when equation solution always damages vector thus, have contradiction solution, the right side, equation both sides takes advantage of the transposition of the direction vector group of respectively leading to draw the least square solution that total damage is vectorial.
3. according to a kind of myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing shown in claim 1, the size and the vectorial size of total damage that it is characterized in that myocardium blood volume shortcoming region are directly proportional, take that always to damage vectorial starting point (zero) be conical tip, total damage vector is as the high direction of circular cone, and in crossing region, blood volume is comparatively rare; When to be heart surface somewhere always damage vectorial angle and be less than angle value θ with respect to the vector sum of zero, blood volume is comparatively rare, and the tangent value of θ and the vectorial size of total damage are directly proportional.
4. according to a kind of myocardium blood volume distribution three-dimensional colour coding display packing shown in claim 1, it is characterized in that the full region of blood volume shows red, the region of blood volume rareness is partially purple, total damage vectorial place direction and heart surface intersect, heart surface somewhere is less apart from the value of this intersection point, the more inclined to one side purple of Fill Color herein, thus characterize the difference that zones of different blood volume distributes.
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Application publication date: 20140319 |