CN105796094B - A kind of extremely exciting independent positioning method of the ventricular premature beat based on ECGI - Google Patents
A kind of extremely exciting independent positioning method of the ventricular premature beat based on ECGI Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of extremely exciting independent positioning methods of ventricular premature beat based on ECGI, this method is by establishing the Collect jointly frames of 64 lead body surface potential data and Computed tomography, obtain personalized heart human trunk model, electrocardio inverse problem is solved by Tikhonov regularizations, epicardial potential is rebuild so as to which the exciting point of the exception of ventricular premature beat be accurately positioned, there is important actual application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cardiac electrophysiology analysis technical fields, and in particular to a kind of ventricular premature beat based on ECGI is extremely sharp
Dynamic independent positioning method.
Background technology
Electrocardiography (Electrocardiography) is by depolarising in recording heart beat cycles in body surface and again
Potential change caused by the process of pole discloses a highly important method of cardiac electrophysiology activity with becoming non-intrusion type.Such as
Fruit regards heart as electric field source, then corresponding electric field is just dispersed in the space of heart to body surface, can be recorded in body surface
The current potential of each position.The electro physiology inverting of so-called heart, is exactly distributed by body surface potential, inferred in heart from outside to inside
Electrical activity caused by myocardial ischemia abnormal conditions.Clinically doctor is by the relevant disease of electrocardiographic diagnosis heart,
This process can also regard the electro physiology inverting of heart as, and what only doctor relied on is that qualitative based on experience accumulation is sentenced
It is disconnected, there is very strong subjectivity.
With development of modern scientific technology, the electro physiology inverting based on digital heart model and Computer Simulation becomes can
Energy.Rudy et al. proposes the concept of electrocardiograph function imaging (ECGI), and records body surface potential using 256 electrodes, leads to simultaneously
It crosses plain CT and obtains the geometry information of trunk and heart, and then establish boundary element model and derive association body surface potential and the heart
The transition matrix of outer film potential, finally using Tikhonov regularization methods and broad sense least residual algorithm to the electricity of heart surface
Position, electrocardiogram, isochrone and depolarizing type etc. are rebuild.But ECGI is not widely applied to clinically at present,
Which reflects ECGI existing several defects in itself, require to record the body surface of patient using up to 256 electrodes including it electric
Position, which not only improves the cost of inspection, while increase the complexity of operation etc..
At present clinically to 12 lead electrocardiogram of diagnosis Main Basiss of ventricular premature beat, however such method can only be to room
Property premature beat carry out tentative diagnosis, it is impossible to provide occur the position of premature beat, premature beat the more detailed information such as pre-set time.
On the other hand, in the ablative surgery of ventricular premature beat, surgeon also directly measures cardiac objects by means of intrusive means
The bioelectrical activity of position, point exciting to the exception of ventricular premature beat position.However intrusive method is inefficient, and
With certain risk.Therefore, how from existing diagnosis and treatment means, to ventricular premature beat, extremely exciting point is determined in vitro
Position becomes one and very significant studies a question.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of extremely exciting independent positioning methods of ventricular premature beat based on ECGI, and this method is by recording body
Table Potential distribution and Computed tomography establish personalized heart-human trunk model, then pass through electro physiology inverting pair
The position of premature beat point is accurately positioned.
A kind of extremely exciting independent positioning method of the ventricular premature beat based on ECGI, includes the following steps：
(1) the 64 lead body surface potential data of ventricular premature beat patient and thoracic cavity Tomography data are acquired；
(2) the three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and three-dimensional of patient is established respectively based on the thoracic cavity Tomography data
Heart geometrical model, and then three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model are aligned in same coordinate space, it obtains
To three-dimensional cardiac-human trunk model；
(3) the 64 lead body surface potential data are pre-processed, and within the cardiac cycle that ventricular premature beat occurs
Phase between label QRS；
(4) according to the three-dimensional cardiac-human trunk model by calculate electrocardio direct problem obtain description epicardial potential with
The transformation matrix of mapping relations between body surface potential；Then label was occurred in ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle according to the transformation matrix
Body surface potential data carry out inverting i.e. solve electrocardio inverse problem, reconstruct epicardial potential distributed data, and then according to heart
Abnormal exciting point is accurately positioned in electric excitation propagation sequence diagram and epicardial potential distributed data.
In the step (1) the 64 lead body surface potential data of acquisition ventricular premature beat patient and thoracic cavity tomoscan into
As data, specific operation process is：First, patient is made to be worn by being distributed with the body surface potential record vest of 64 electrode leads,
To acquire the 64 lead body surface potential data of patient；Then, the conducting wire of electrode each on vest is taken out or cut, electricity will be remained with
The vest of pole continues to be worn on patient and patient is made to receive computed tomography, to obtain the thoracic cavity tomoscan of patient
Imaging data.
The specific implementation process of the three-dimensional trunk geometrical model of foundation is in the step (2)：First, by being imaged on chest
Handmarking goes out the position of each electrode points to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of each electrode points in chamber tomoscan image, and then to three-dimensional space
Between in electrode points carry out Delaunay Triangulation so as to obtain the three-dimensional trunk geometrical model of patient.
The specific implementation process that three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model is established in the step (2) is：First, by being imaged on chest
If the dry chip on cardiac short axis direction is intercepted in chamber tomoscan image：Apex of the heart position should be at least included downwards, upwards at least
Include right ventricular outflow position；Then, the sectioning image on above-mentioned cardiac short axis direction is split, respectively obtained outside the heart
Film, the left internal membrane of heart and right endocardial boundary profile；Finally, above-mentioned series of parallel boundary profile triangle gridding is connected
It connects to get to three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model.
Consider that digital image space and unit of the heart physiological space on each orthogonal direction are poor in the step (2)
It is different, it is therefore desirable to be aligned three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model in same coordinate space, specifically root
According in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, digital imaging and communications in medicine)
Critical field information the size of three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model and spatial position are corrected, the three-dimensional cardiac after correction is several
What model merges with three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and obtains three-dimensional cardiac-human trunk model.
The specific method pre-processed in the step (3) to 64 lead body surface potential data is：Pass through filter first
Wave carries out denoising to the electric potential signal of each channel；Then using fitting of a polynomial method to each channel denoising after
Electric potential signal is smoothed；The electric potential signal of channel corresponding to the undesirable electrode of last Weeding state.
Body surface potential data label occurred in the step (4) in ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle carry out inverting, lead to
It crosses and solution is optimized to following object function to reconstruct epicardial potential distributed data；
Wherein：H is the transformation matrix for describing mapping relations between epicardial potential and body surface potential,Occur for label
Body surface potential data in ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle,Epicardial potential data, λ are regularization parameter, | | | |2For two models
Number, L are unit matrix, gradient operator or Laplace operator.
The present invention is based on the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat of ECGI, by establishing 64 lead body surface potential data
With the Collect jointly frame of Computed tomography, personalized heart-human trunk model is obtained, passes through Tikhonov canonicals
Change and solve electrocardio inverse problem, rebuild epicardial potential so as to which the exciting point of the exception of ventricular premature beat be accurately positioned, there is important reality
Border application value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the 64 crosslinking electrode distributing position schematic diagrames for acquiring body surface potential data.
Fig. 2 is the position view of each electrode in the tomoscan image of thoracic cavity.
Fig. 3 is personalized 3D human trunk model schematic diagrames.
Fig. 4 is segmentation cardiac short axis picture centre outer membrane, the endocardial boundary profile schematic diagram of the left internal membrane of heart and the right side.
Fig. 5 is personalized 3D heart surface grid model schematic diagrames.
Fig. 6 is 3D hearts-human trunk model schematic diagram after correction.
Specific embodiment
In order to which more clearly description is of the invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is to technical scheme of the present invention
It is described in detail.
The present invention is based on the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat of ECGI, specific implementation step is as follows：
S1. the thoracic cavity meter of the 64 lead body surface potential data of acquisition ventricular premature beat patient and wearing body surface potential record vest
Calculation machine Tomography data.
The vest that patient dresses 64 electrodes of distribution first is made to carry out body surface potential data record, 64 leads are in point of body surface
Cloth position is as shown in Figure 1；Then patient, which continues to wear the vest after taking out or cutting short the conducting wire on vest, receives computer and breaks
Layer scanning records the geometry of trunk and heart.
S2. personalized 3D trunk geometrical models are established from computed tomography image.
The electrode position of 64 leads is, it is apparent that as shown in Fig. 2, can be in image space in the tomoscan image of thoracic cavity
Direct labor marks the position of electrode points；Then the three-dimensional coordinate of electrode points is obtained.Above-mentioned spatial discrete points are carried out again
Delaunay trigonometric ratios are so as to obtain personalized 3D human trunk models, as shown in Figure 3.
S3. personalized 3D heart geometrical models are established from computed tomography image.
If the dry chip first on interception cardiac short axis direction, should at least include downwards apex of the heart position, include at least upwards
Right ventricular outflow position；Then above-mentioned cardiac short axis image is split, respectively obtains the external membrane of heart, the left internal membrane of heart and the right heart
The boundary profile of inner membrance, as shown in Figure 4；Series of parallel profile obtained in the previous step with triangle gridding is connected again, obtains the heart
Dirty three-dimensional surface grid model, as shown in Figure 5.
S4. human trunk model and cardiac module in the same space are aligned, obtain personalized heart-human trunk model.
In view of the unit difference of digital image space and heart physiological space on each orthogonal direction, it is therefore desirable to according to
Critical field information in DICOM is corrected the size of 3D cardiac modules and spatial position, 3D hearts-trunk after correction
Model is as shown in Figure 6.
S5. body surface potential signal is pre-processed, including denoising, smooth, label electrode and period etc..
Denoising is carried out to body surface potential signal first, common wave filter includes Fourier Fast transforms, small echo becomes
Change with Butterworth wave filters etc.；Then it is by electric signal to be smoothed purpose to collected body surface potential data
It is withdrawn on same baseline.The method that fitting of a polynomial is used in present embodiment, polynomial order select 5 ranks or 6
Preferable result can be obtained during rank；It finally also needs to mark the undesirable electrode of working condition, it should in calculating below
Electrode signal forecloses, while also needs to the phase between the QRS of label generation ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle.
S6. it according to the heart-human trunk model obtained in step S4, establishes boundary element model calculating electrocardio direct problem and is retouched
State the transformation matrix of mapping relations between epicardial potential and body surface potential.
Cardioelectric field can be regarded as quasi-electrostatic field, and assume that human trunk model is uniform, therefore the current potential point at each moment
Cloth can be expressed as in uniform, passive field areas with Laplace's equation：
The numerical solution of Laplace's equation is asked in present embodiment using Element BEM, basic thought is will be continuous
Combination of the domain representation into one group of discrete limited element is solved, is gone to approach solution domain with such combination.In each unit
It is interior to be represented entirely to solve the unknown field function on domain with approximate function, and approximate function is usually unknown field function in unit
Interpolated value represents.Therefore the field function on assembly is determined using interpolating function, thus asking continuous infinite degrees of freedom
Topic is converted into discrete finite degrees of freedom problem.According to above-mentioned boundary element model, any point in model has：
Wherein：G is the Green's function of three dimensions, and q is that source point arrives the distance between site.
It is in borderline integral equation：
Wherein, ciThe π of=1-θ/4, meaning are to make the ball of a radius very little, the spherical surface and side using boundary point as the centre of sphere
Interface intersection, then θ is exactly the solid angle that interface opens i.Discrete form is accordingly：
Hypothetical boundary face S is broken down into z0A unit, each unit have the integral equation of above-mentioned discrete form, are write as
The boundary element equation group of merging form is：
Transition matrix H can be acquired by the formula elimination, it describes reflecting between epicardial potential and body surface potential
Penetrate relationship.
S7. inverting is carried out to the body surface potential signal in the ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle of label using transformation matrix, rebuild
Go out epicardial potential distribution.
Assuming that the body surface potential of N number of pointWith the epicardial potential of M pointWherein meet N ＞ M；Pass between them
System can be expressed as by linear matrix：
Above-mentioned formula is ill, i.e., the ratio between the maximum eigenvalue of transition matrix H and minimal eigenvalue are very big, it is impossible to directly
It inverts, but by being converted into the minimum quadratic functional problem that solves, it is asked in present embodiment using Tikhonov regularization methods
Solve above-mentioned one-parameter minimization problem i.e.：
Wherein, λ is regularization parameter, characterizes the coefficient of balance between the flatness of solution and fidelity；And operator L takes unit
When matrix I, the Tikhonov regularizations of corresponding zeroth order；When L is gradient operator, the Tikhonov of corresponding single order is just
Then change；Then it is second order Tikhonov regularizations when L is Laplace operator.The epicardial potential finally solved can be with
Write as following equivalent form：
S8. after reconstructing epicardial potential, according to electric excitation propagation of heart sequence diagram to abnormal exciting point (high potential) into
Row is accurately positioned.
Experiments verify that computer running environment is：8G memories, CPU are intel i5, dominant frequency 3.47GHz；By above-mentioned
Implementation process rebuilds to obtain epicardial potential and abnormal exciting point location as a result, abnormal exciting point is located at right ventricular outflow respectively
It is spaced after interventricular septum side and right ventricular outflow, what which was measured with Ensite3000 systems in art by intrusive method
Abnormal exciting position quite coincide.
It is understood that the above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate those skilled in the art and using this hair
It is bright.Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make above-described embodiment various modifications, and described herein
General Principle is applied in other embodiment without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment,
Those skilled in the art's announcement according to the present invention, the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should be in the protections of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of extremely exciting independent positioning method of the ventricular premature beat based on ECGI, includes the following steps：
(1) the 64 lead body surface potential data of ventricular premature beat patient and thoracic cavity Tomography data are acquired；
(2) the three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and three-dimensional cardiac of patient is established respectively based on the thoracic cavity Tomography data
Geometrical model, and then three-dimensional trunk geometrical model and three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model are aligned in same coordinate space, obtain three
Tie up heart-human trunk model；
The specific implementation process for establishing three-dimensional trunk geometrical model is：First, by being imaged on people in the tomoscan image of thoracic cavity
Work marks the position of each electrode points to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate of each electrode points, and then the electrode points in three dimensions is carried out
Delaunay Triangulation is so as to obtain the three-dimensional trunk geometrical model of patient；
(3) the 64 lead body surface potential data are pre-processed, and in the cardiac cycle internal labeling that ventricular premature beat occurs
Phase between QRS；
(4) description epicardial potential and body surface are obtained by calculating electrocardio direct problem according to the three-dimensional cardiac-human trunk model
The transformation matrix of mapping relations between current potential；Then the body in ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle label occurs according to the transformation matrix
Table potential data carries out inverting and solves electrocardio inverse problem, reconstructs epicardial potential distributed data, and then emerging according to cardiac electric
It puts forth energy to propagate sequence diagram and epicardial potential distributed data and abnormal exciting point is accurately positioned.
2. the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (1)
The middle acquisition 64 lead body surface potential data of ventricular premature beat patient and thoracic cavity Tomography data, specific operation process
For：First, patient is made to be worn by being distributed with the body surface potential record vest of 64 electrode leads, to acquire the 64 lead bodies of patient
Table potential data；Then, the conducting wire of electrode each on vest is taken out or cut, the vest for remaining with electrode is continued to be worn on disease
On the person and patient is made to receive computed tomography, to obtain the thoracic cavity Tomography data of patient.
3. the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (2)
It is middle establish three-dimensional cardiac geometrical model specific implementation process be：First, it is intercepted by being imaged in the tomoscan image of thoracic cavity
If the dry chip on cardiac short axis direction：Apex of the heart position should be at least included downwards, include at least right ventricular outflow position upwards；
Then, the sectioning image on above-mentioned cardiac short axis direction is split, respectively obtains the external membrane of heart, the left internal membrane of heart and the right internal membrane of heart
Boundary profile；Finally, above-mentioned series of parallel boundary profile triangle gridding is connected to get to three-dimensional cardiac geometry mould
Type.
4. the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (3)
In specific method that 64 lead body surface potential data are pre-processed be：First by filter to the electric potential signal of each channel into
Row denoising；Then the electric potential signal after each channel denoising is smoothed using the method for fitting of a polynomial；
The electric potential signal of channel corresponding to the undesirable electrode of last Weeding state.
5. the extremely exciting independent positioning method of ventricular premature beat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (4)
In to label occur ventricular premature beat cardiac cycle in body surface potential data carry out inverting, by following object function carry out it is excellent
Change and solve to reconstruct epicardial potential distributed data；
Wherein：H is the transformation matrix for describing mapping relations between epicardial potential and body surface potential,It is early that room property occurs for label
The body surface potential data fought in cardiac cycle,Epicardial potential data, λ are regularization parameter, | | | |2For two norms, L is
Unit matrix, gradient operator or Laplace operator.
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| CN108324263B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江大学 | Noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology inversion method based on low-rank sparse constraint |
| CN109091138B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-10-26 | 上海微创电生理医疗科技股份有限公司 | Arrhythmia origin point judging device and mapping system |
| CN110393522B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江大学 | Non-invasive heart electrophysiological inversion method based on total variation constraint of graph |
| CN112741634B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2023-02-24 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Heart focus positioning system |
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| WO2024018009A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-25 | Corify Care, S.L. | Methods to determine the morphology and the location of a heart within a torso |
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