CN111543979B - Method for outputting electrocardiographic vector diagram by conventional leads - Google Patents
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- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000083513 Punctum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003759 clinical diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010006580 Bundle branch block left Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000000924 Right ventricular hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000003601 intercostal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010006582 Bundle branch block right Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010006578 Bundle-Branch Block Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000007177 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002565 electrocardiography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000001715 left bundle branch hemiblock Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000718 qrs complex Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000002330 Congenital Heart Defects Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000028831 congenital heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2576/00—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis
- A61B2576/02—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis specially adapted for a particular organ or body part
- A61B2576/023—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis specially adapted for a particular organ or body part for the heart
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for outputting an electrocardiograph vector diagram by a conventional lead, which comprises the following steps: placing electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting body surface electric signals of the tested person; performing bidirectional filtering processing on the acquired body surface electric signals, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform; drawing frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane vector electrocardiograph according to the leads I, aVF, V2 and V6 respectively; according to the obtained sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram, the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft is obtained, and the sagittal guide electrocardiograph is deduced by combining the punctum occurrence sequence. The invention uses the conventional electrocardiogram lead to obtain three planar electrocardiograph vector diagrams, simplifies the operation of the electrocardiograph vector diagrams, ensures that the electrocardiograph vector diagrams are highly matched with the conventional electrocardiograph, avoids the problem of data deviation caused by the fact that the conventional lead is used for deriving the Frank lead through mathematical conversion, and can also make up the defect that the conventional electrocardiograph cannot observe the change of sagittal plane heart electrical activity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrocardiosignal output, in particular to a method for outputting an electrocardio vector diagram by a conventional lead.
Background
An electrocardiogram refers to a graph (abbreviated as ECG) of various forms of potential changes led out from a body surface by an electrocardiograph along with the change of bioelectricity of the electrocardiogram, which is an objective index of the occurrence, propagation and recovery process of the bioelectricity of the heart in the heart, when the heart is excited sequentially at each cardiac cycle. The electrocardiographic vector diagram mainly reflects the difference of the direction and the magnitude of the electrocardiograph of the heart at each moment, and is a special examination for recording the direction and the magnitude of the electrocardiograph generated at each moment of the heart in a three-dimensional way. The three-dimensional image of the action potential of the heart can be recorded more truly, and can be used for clarifying the principle of electrocardiogram generation, explaining electrocardiogram waveforms and diagnosing heart diseases.
The conventional electrocardiogram and the electrocardiograph vector diagram are the same as the method for recording the electrocardiograph signal activity, but the observation angles are different, and the combination of the two can reflect the change of the electrocardiograph activity more accurately and comprehensively. Because the conventional electrocardiogram and the electrocardiograph vector diagram are not the same guide system used in electrocardiograph signal acquisition, the conventional electrocardiogram and the electrocardiograph vector diagram cannot be acquired at the same time, and therefore the conventional electrocardiogram and the electrocardiograph vector diagram are difficult to combine and apply mutually. In addition, the coincidence degree of the two is not high due to different lead bodies, and deviation often occurs when deducing each other.
Although the conventional leads are used for making an electrocardiographic vector diagram at present, the method is based on the Frank leads, three orthogonal leads of X, Y and Z in the Frank lead orthogonal correction lead system are used for making electrocardiographic vector diagram examination, and the electrocardiographic vector diagram is an electrocardiographic vector ring for obtaining space after calculating instantaneous electrocardiographic vectors of X axis, Y axis and Z axis; but has limited application because of its cumbersome operation and inability to highly conform to conventional lead electrocardiograms. At present, other methods for conducting electrocardiographic vector examination through conventional leads are also based on Frank, conventional lead electrocardiographic signals are converted into Frank leads through complex mathematical operation, the result of the method basically accords with the Frank leads, but the data in the conversion process always have the defect of deviation.
The electrocardiosignals acquired by the conventional leads are deduced into an electrocardio vector diagram obtained after Frank leads through complicated mathematical operation, and the essence of the electrocardio vector diagram still belongs to the Frank lead electrocardio vector diagram instead of the conventional lead electrocardio vector diagram.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to disclose a method for realizing the conventional lead output of an electrocardiograph vector diagram, which can acquire a conventional electrocardiograph and an electrocardiograph vector diagram at the same time, and can obtain three planar electrocardiograph vector diagrams by applying the conventional electrocardiograph lead, thereby being beneficial to popularization and application of the electrocardiograph vector diagram and simultaneously overcoming the defect that the conventional electrocardiograph cannot observe sagittal plane electrocardiograph activity change.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for outputting an electrocardiographic vector diagram by conventional leads, comprising the following steps:
s1, placing electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting body surface electric signals of the tested person;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Further, in step S3, drawing frontal, sagittal and transversal electrocardiographs specifically includes the following steps:
(1) according to the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform data obtained in the step S2, sinus heart beats are screened for the leads I, aVF, V2 and V6, and the heart beats obtained by screening are subjected to superposition processing for 1S, so that superposition data of 1S are obtained, and sinus heart beats meeting the requirements are obtained;
(2) aiming at the sinus heart beat number obtained in the step (1), calculating the data sampling frequency according to the duration represented by the punctum of each electrocardio vector, and further determining the required sampling data;
(3) drawing a frontal electrocardiographic vector diagram by taking an I lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate aiming at the sampling data obtained in the step (2); drawing a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking a V2 lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate; and drawing a cross-plane electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking the V6 lead as an abscissa and the V2 lead as an ordinate.
By the technical scheme, the electrocardiograph vector diagram of three planes is directly output through four leads (I, aVF, V2 and V6) in the conventional leads, so that the electrocardiograph vector diagram can be drawn while the 12-lead electrocardiograph is acquired, the complicated process of drawing the electrocardiograph vector diagram by using the Frank leads is further avoided, and the complicated mathematical operation and possible data deviation are avoided; because the data collection of the electrocardiograph vector diagram and the 12-lead electrocardiograph drawn by the invention adopts the same lead system, namely electrocardiograph data homology, the electrocardiograph vector diagram and the 12-lead electrocardiograph are completely matched, can be mutually verified and mutually referred.
Further, in step (1), the superposition processing is performed by adding the electrocardiographic data of 400ms before and 600ms after each cardiac point.
Further, in step S2, the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform is drawn from electrocardiographic data of the conventional 12-lead, the conventional 12-lead includes 6 limb leads and 6 chest leads, the limb leads include an I-lead and an aVF-lead that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the I-lead reflects a left-right change of an electrocardiographic vector, and the aVF-lead reflects an up-down change of the electrocardiographic vector, so as to obtain a frontal face electrocardiographic vector diagram.
Through the technical scheme, the conventional 12 leads can reflect continuous changes on the electrocardiographic activity plane, and the electrocardiographic vector diagram can reflect three-dimensional changes of electrocardiographic activity, so that information for judging the changes of electrocardiographic activity is further enriched.
Further, the chest leads comprise V2 leads and V6 leads which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the V2 leads reflect the front-back change of the electrocardio vector, and the V6 leads reflect the left-right change of the electrocardio vector so as to obtain a transverse electrocardio vector diagram.
Further, the V2 lead and the aVF lead are vertical leads, the V2 lead reflects the front-back change of the electrocardio vector, and the aVF lead reflects the up-down change of the electrocardio vector so as to obtain a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram.
Further, in step S4, a virtual sagittal plane lead is constructed on the same side with V2 as a midline lead, with the lower two ribs of V2 as an SV1 lead, the next rib of V2 as an SV2 lead, V2 as an SV3 lead, the upper one rib of V2 as an SV4 lead, the upper two ribs of V2 as an SV5 lead, and perpendicular to V2 as an SV0 lead, wherein SV0 lead is an aVF lead.
Further, the included angle between two adjacent guide shafts on the guide shaft planes of SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5 and SV0 is 30 degrees, the electrocardiographic data of corresponding punctum of each guide shaft of the virtual sagittal plane is calculated according to Pythagorean theorem, and the electrocardiograph of each sagittal plane guide shaft is output according to the appearance sequence of each punctum.
By the scheme, the electrocardiograph data of the corresponding punctum of each punctum of the known sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the V2 (SV 3) and aVF (SV 0) leads can be calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem, and the electrocardiograph of each sagittal lead can be output according to the appearance sequence of each punctum, so that the defect that the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph cannot observe the sagittal lead electrocardiograph is overcome.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following different advantages:
(1) because the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and the conventional electrocardiograph are acquired by using the same lead system, synchronous acquisition can be realized, so that the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and the conventional electrocardiograph can be mutually combined to be applied to clinical diagnosis, the coincidence degree of mutual identification of the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and the conventional electrocardiograph is higher, and the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and the conventional electrocardiograph are important in electrocardiograph diagnosis and teaching;
(2) 3 groups of vertical leads reflecting the heart electrical activity are found out from the conventional leads to directly obtain an electrocardiographic vector diagram, complicated mathematical operation is not needed, and the electrocardiographic vector diagram is directly obtained through the conventional leads, so that the complicated operation of replacing the leads is avoided; complex mathematical conversion is not needed, and the problem that data deviation occurs by deriving Frank leads through the conventional leads by the mathematical conversion is avoided;
(3) the defect that the conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram cannot observe the change of sagittal plane electrocardiographic activity is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the invention based on the Wilson lead output 12-lead electrocardiogram, the electrocardiograph vector diagram and the sagittal-plane lead electrocardiogram;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the superposition of I, aVF, V2, V6 lead electrocardiographic data according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of acquisition of punctal data of an electrocardiographic vector diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the invention for drawing frontal, sagittal and transverse face-oriented electrocardiographs from I, aVF, V2, V6 lead electrocardiograph data in a conventional 12 lead;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the detection results of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the detection results of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the detection result of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the detection results of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the detection results of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the detection results of embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a virtual sagittal plane lead electrode position of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a sagittal guide shaft coupling position;
fig. 13 is a virtual sagittal-plane lead electrocardiogram derived from a sagittal-plane electrocardiographic vector map.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for outputting an electrocardiographic vector diagram by a conventional lead, as shown in fig. 1 to 13, comprises the following steps:
s1, placing electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting body surface electric signals of the tested person;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to remove interference waves, obtaining electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform according to the electrocardiographic data;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Preferably, in step S3, frontal, sagittal and transversal electrocardiography are drawn, as shown in fig. 2 and 7, specifically including the following steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out sinus heart beat screening (automatic identification by a computer assisted by manual correction) on the I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads according to the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform data obtained in the step S2, wherein the V2 and V6 lead data are chest lead data used for representing the tested person, the I lead is standard limb lead data used for representing the tested person, and the aVF is unipolar pressurized limb lead data used for representing the tested person. And (3) carrying out superposition processing on the heart beats obtained by screening for 1s to obtain superposition data of 1s, wherein the superposition method is to add the electrocardiographic data of 400ms before and 600ms after each heart beat point to obtain the sinus heart beat number meeting the requirement.
(2) And (3) aiming at the sampling data of the sinus heart beat number obtained in the step (1), calculating the sampling frequency of the data according to the duration represented by each cardiac electric vector punctum (the duration represented by each cardiac electric vector punctum can be determined through software design), and further determining the required sampling data. For example, the electrocardiographic data with the sampling frequency of 1000Hz has 1000 data points, when the size of each punctum is 2ms, the sampling frequency of the data is 1000/2=500, that is, one electrocardiographic data is needed to be taken every other point for drawing the electrocardiographic vector punctum.
(3) Drawing a frontal electrocardiographic vector diagram by taking an I lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate aiming at the sampling data obtained in the step (2); drawing a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking a V2 lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate; and drawing a cross-plane electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking the V6 lead as an abscissa and the V2 lead as an ordinate.
Specifically, in step S3, the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform is drawn by electrocardiographic data of the conventional 12-lead, the conventional 12-lead includes 6 limb leads and 6 chest leads, the limb leads include an I lead and an aVF lead that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the I lead reflects a left-right change of an electrocardiographic vector, and the aVF lead reflects an up-down change of the electrocardiographic vector, so as to obtain a frontal face electrocardiographic vector diagram.
On the basis of the scheme, the chest leads comprise V2 leads and V6 leads which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the V2 leads reflect the front-back change of the electrocardio vector, and the V6 leads reflect the left-right change of the electrocardio vector so as to obtain a transverse electrocardio vector diagram; the I leads and the aVF leads are vertical leads, the I leads reflect the left-right change of the electrocardio vector, and the aVF leads reflect the up-down change of the electrocardio vector so as to obtain a frontal plane electrocardio vector diagram; the V2 leads and the aVF leads are vertical leads, the V2 leads reflect the front-back change of the electrocardio vector, and the aVF leads reflect the up-down change of the electrocardio vector so as to obtain a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram;
conventional 12-lead electrocardiograms lack a sagittal-plane lead system, namely a lead system reflecting the front-back change of the electrocardio activity, so that the invention proposes a virtual sagittal-plane lead by taking a V2 lead as a center on the basis of a sagittal-plane electrocardio vector diagram. In step S4, a virtual sagittal plane lead is constructed on the same side by using V2 as a midline lead shaft, using the lower two intercostals of V2 as an SV1 lead shaft, using the lower intercostal of V2 as an SV2 lead shaft, using V2 as an SV3 lead shaft, using the upper one intercostal of V2 as an SV4 lead shaft, using the upper two intercostals of V2 as an SV5 lead shaft, and using a perpendicular to V2 as an SV0 lead shaft, wherein the SV0 lead shaft is an aVF lead shaft. The resulting 6 virtual sagittal guide axes and 6 of their symmetrical leads (i.e., the reverse leads), namely, SV0, SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5, -SV0, -SV1, -SV2, -SV3, -SV4, -SV5, have a mutual included angle of 30℃between the guide axes of the 6 virtual sagittal guide axes.
For observing the practical value of the invention, six typical examples are listed, namely normal, acute lower wall myocardial infarction, right ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, complete left bundle branch block and complete right bundle branch block, and obvious differences are found in the form of an electrocardiographic vector diagram and various observation indexes, and the electrocardiographic vector diagram is also different from a Frank lead electrocardiographic vector diagram, so that the invention has practical value for clinical diagnosis. Of course, it is also necessary to accumulate cases and summarize experience continuously, particularly for clinical applications.
The core basis of the invention is to find three mutually perpendicular groups of leads reflecting the three-dimensional change of the heart electrical activity, namely I and aVF (frontal plane), V2 and V6 (transverse plane), aVF and V2 (sagittal plane), in the conventional electrocardiogram leads. It is within the scope of the present invention to draw an electrocardiographic vector map using other conventional electrocardiographic leads that are perpendicular to each other.
The invention provides a virtual sagittal-plane lead, and derives a sagittal-plane lead electrocardiogram from a sagittal-plane conventional lead electrocardiogram vector diagram, so that the defect that the conventional electrocardiogram cannot observe the sagittal-plane electrocardiogram is overcome, and the virtual sagittal-plane lead and the sagittal-plane lead electrocardiogram belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, filtering the electrocardiosignals of the tested person acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiosignal data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiosignal waveform;
s3, drawing frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane vector electrocardiographs according to the I, aVF, V2 and V6 lead electrocardiograph data in the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing the sagittal electrocardiograph by combining the projection occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is male, 56 years old, physical examination, electrocardiographic diagnosis: normal electrocardiogram. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. The sagittal electrocardiogram can show the law of migration of the R wave and S wave of the QRS complex, while the reverse sagittal electrocardiogram can show the cardiac electrical activity of the posterior wall. For comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 5, and table 1 below shows the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector observation index and measurement value of the patient to be tested and the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector, specifically shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Example 2
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is male, 64 years old, electrocardiographic diagnosis: acute lower wall myocardial infarction, clinical diagnosis: acute lower wall myocardial infarction. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. Sagittal plane electrocardiography shows ST segment correspondence changes, as well as changes in QRS complex migration laws, which may be valuable for localized diagnosis of coronary lesions. For comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 6, and table 2 below shows Frank lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values of the patient to be tested and conventional lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values, specifically shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Example 3
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is female, 21 years old, electrocardiographic diagnosis: right ventricular hypertrophy and clinical diagnosis of congenital heart disease. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. The change of the QRS migration rule and the voltage appears in the sagittal electrocardiogram, and the method has reference value for diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy by the electrocardiogram. For comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 7, and table 3 below shows Frank lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values of the patient to be tested and conventional lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values, specifically shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
Example 4
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is female, age 58, electrocardiographic diagnosis: left ventricular hypertrophy and clinical diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. The change of the QRS migration rule and the voltage appears in the sagittal electrocardiogram, and the method has reference value for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy. For ease of comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 8, and table 4 below shows Frank lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values of the patient to be tested, specifically table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Table 4
Example 5
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is male, age 78, electrocardiographic diagnosis: complete left bundle branch block and clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. The change of the QRS migration law of the sagittal electrocardiogram has reference value for judging left bundle branch block and left bundle branch block accompanied with myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. For ease of comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 9, and table 5 below shows Frank lead and conventional lead electrocardiograph vector observation indexes and measurement values of the patient to be tested, specifically table 5 below:
TABLE 5
Example 6
S1, placing 10 electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting electrocardiosignals of the tested person by utilizing each electrode plate;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence.
Wherein the subject is male, 55 years old, electrocardiographic diagnosis: complete right bundle branch block and clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease. And (5) measuring a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a conventional lead electrocardiograph vector diagram and a sagittal plane electrocardiogram according to the steps. The change of the QRS migration rule and the voltage appears in the sagittal electrocardiogram, and has reference value for diagnosing right bundle branch block, right ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia and the like. For comparison, the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector diagram is shown in fig. 10, and the following table 6 is the Frank lead electrocardiograph vector observation index and measurement value of the tested patient and the conventional lead electrocardiograph vector, specifically the following table 6:
TABLE 6
The foregoing embodiments have only expressed one or more embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for outputting an electrocardiographic vector diagram by using conventional leads, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing electrode plates at preset positions on the body surface of a tested person based on Wilson leads, and collecting body surface electric signals of the tested person;
s2, performing bidirectional filtering processing on the body surface electric signals acquired in the step S1 to obtain electrocardiographic data, and drawing a conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform;
s3, respectively drawing a frontal electrocardiograph vector diagram, a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram and a transverse electrocardiograph vector diagram according to the vertical relation of two adjacent leads in the middle I, aVF, V2 and V6 leads of the conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph waveform obtained in the step S2;
s4, obtaining the vertical projection distance of each punctum of the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram on the corresponding virtual sagittal guide shaft according to the sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram obtained in the step S3, and deducing a sagittal guide electrocardiogram by combining the punctum occurrence sequence;
in step S3, the drawing of frontal, sagittal and transversal electrocardiographs specifically includes the following steps:
(1) according to the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform data obtained in the step S2, sinus heart beats are screened for the leads I, aVF, V2 and V6, and the heart beats obtained by screening are subjected to superposition processing for 1S, so that superposition data of 1S are obtained, and sinus heart beats meeting the requirements are obtained; the superposition processing method is to add the electrocardiographic data of 400ms before and 600ms after each heart beat point;
(2) aiming at the sinus heart beat number obtained in the step (1), calculating the data sampling frequency according to the duration represented by the punctum of each electrocardio vector, and further determining the required sampling data;
(3) drawing a frontal electrocardiographic vector diagram by taking an I lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate aiming at the sampling data obtained in the step (2); drawing a sagittal electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking a V2 lead as an abscissa and an aVF lead as an ordinate; and drawing a cross-plane electrocardiograph vector diagram by taking the V6 lead as an abscissa and the V2 lead as an ordinate.
2. The method of outputting an electrocardiographic vector map according to the conventional lead according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic waveform is drawn by electrocardiographic data of the conventional 12-lead, the conventional 12-lead includes 6 limb leads and 6 chest leads, the limb leads include an I lead and an aVF lead which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the I lead reflects a left-right change of the electrocardiographic vector, and the aVF lead reflects an up-down change of the electrocardiographic vector, so as to obtain a frontal electrocardiographic vector map.
3. The method of outputting an electrocardiographic vector map by conventional leads according to claim 2, wherein the chest leads comprise V2 leads and V6 leads which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the V2 leads reflect the front-to-back variation of electrocardiographic vector and the V6 leads reflect the left-to-right variation of electrocardiographic vector to obtain a transversal electrocardiographic vector map.
4. The method of outputting an electrocardiographic vector map by conventional leads according to claim 1, wherein the V2 leads and the aVF leads are vertical leads, the V2 leads reflect the front-back change of electrocardiographic vector, and the aVF leads reflect the up-down change of electrocardiographic vector, so as to obtain a sagittal electrocardiographic vector map.
5. The method of outputting an electrocardiographic vector map according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, V2 is taken as a central line guide shaft, virtual sagittal plane guide shafts are constructed on the same side, the lower two ribs of V2 are taken as SV1 guide shafts, the lower rib of V2 is taken as SV2 guide shafts, the upper rib of V2 is taken as SV3 guide shafts, the upper rib of V2 is taken as SV4 guide shafts, the upper two ribs of V2 are taken as SV5 guide shafts, and the vertical direction to V2 is taken as SV0 guide shafts, wherein SV0 guide shafts are aVF leads.
6. The method for outputting an electrocardiographic vector diagram according to claim 5, wherein the included angle between two adjacent guide shafts on the guide shaft planes of SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5 and SV0 is 30 degrees, the electrocardiographic data of corresponding punctum of each guide of the virtual sagittal plane is calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem, and the electrocardiograph of each sagittal plane guide is output according to the appearance sequence of each punctum.
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