CN109377845B

CN109377845B - Electrocardiogram teaching appliance

Info

Publication number: CN109377845B
Application number: CN201811505424.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵修茂
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-12-10
Filing date: 2018-12-10
Publication date: 2020-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-10
Also published as: CN109377845A

Abstract

The application discloses an electrocardiogram teaching appliance, which comprises a heart model, a heart support and a light source system, wherein the heart model is marked with a heart depolarization direction; the heart support comprises a support piece for supporting a heart model, and a frontal panel and a horizontal panel which are perpendicular to each other, wherein one side of the frontal panel, which is adjacent to the heart model, is provided with frontal lead coordinates marked with scales, and one side of the horizontal panel, which is adjacent to the heart model, is provided with horizontal lead coordinates marked with scales; the light source system comprises a frontal plane parallel light source and a horizontal plane parallel light source. The electrocardiogram teaching aid can help explain and simulate the size of the depolarized electrocardiogram vector of the heart in different leads in the depolarizing process intuitively, and further help explain how to judge the space position of the heart, the size of each chamber and the electrocardiogram activity condition according to electrocardiogram graphs, so that the teaching of the electrocardiogram principle is more intuitive and easy to understand.

Description

Electrocardiogram teaching appliance

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electrocardiograms, in particular to an electrocardiogram teaching appliance.

Background

For medical workers, in some cases, when the condition of a patient is judged to be critical, the electrocardiogram and the electrocardiogram monitoring play a particularly critical role, and the opportunity of rescuing the patient is lost even if the electrocardiogram is not understood. Currently, electrocardiography and electrocardiographic monitoring are widely used in clinical work. The electrocardiogram has become the necessary content for medical and nursing professions.

The key of electrocardiogram learning is the electrocardiogram principle.

In the traditional teaching method, the teaching of the electrocardiogram principle has two major disadvantages, namely the teaching of the electrocardiogram principle diagram and the disjunction of the heart anatomical structure, and the display of the three-dimensional electrocardio depolarization comprehensive vector by using a two-dimensional graph.

The entire learning process of the conventional electrocardiogram principle requires three spatial-thought transformations. The following are described one by one.

First, the concept of a comprehensive cardiac vector loop is understood. The integrated cardiac vector loop is a dynamic change loop of instantaneous integrated current of the heart during the depolarization of the atria or ventricles and is a three-dimensional vector. Fig. 1 is a conventional graphical tool for explaining the integrated ecg loop, wherein a curve of two lines in the graph represents the integrated ecg loop, and a curve of a single line in the graph represents projections of the integrated ecg loop on different planes. Wherein the YOZ plane represents the frontal plane, the XOZ plane represents the horizontal plane (lower bottom plane in the figure), and XOY represents the lateral plane.

Secondly, the projection of the integrated cardiac electrical vector loop on different planes is understood. Fig. 2 shows the projected coordinate plane of the integrated cardiac vector loop on the frontal plane of the human body, and the coordinates are the frontal plane lead coordinates commonly used for marking cardiac vectors.

Finally, the electrocardio vector projected to different directions of the horizontal plane and the frontal plane is measured by using each lead.

The first of the three processes is difficult, namely how the shape of the electrocardio comprehensive vector loop is generated, and the specific shape of the electrocardio comprehensive vector loop is difficult to describe. If the integrated cardiac vector loop cannot be understood, the frontal and horizontal projections of the loop will not talk about, and the students will be even more unable to understand the subsequent lead measurements.

At present, the electrocardiogram principle is mainly used for teaching by means of a spatial stereogram obtained by a plane picture or an animation technology to show a picture conducted by cardiac depolarization current along a conduction path, and a specific teaching model for measuring an electrocardiogram vector does not exist. Therefore, the teaching about the electrocardiogram principle is mainly the traditional teaching method of integrating the electrocardiogram vector loop, and no related teaching aid exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The electrocardiogram principle is an examination method which is used for measuring electrocardiogram vectors with different leads, displaying the electrocardiogram vectors in a form of electrocardiogram, and then comprehensively comparing the electrocardiogram vectors with the different leads to conjecture the spatial position, the size of a cavity and the electrocardiogram activity of the heart. The size of the measured electrocardial vector, especially the size of the depolarized electrocardial vector of each lead is determined by the depolarized current direction of the heart, the structure of the heart and the thickness of the heart cavity. In actual work, the heart of a patient cannot be taken out for measurement, the electrocardiogram technology can reversely deduce the magnitude of the electrocardio vector of each lead according to the electrocardiogram graph, and then can know which part of the depolarizing current of the heart is measured by different leads according to the measuring direction of each lead and the characteristics of the heart structure, so that the spatial position and the chamber size of the heart can be reversely deduced. Meanwhile, the electrocardiogram is a simple and convenient examination method for observing the activity condition of the electrocardiogram.

The application provides an electrocardiogram teaching aid, can use the ventricle to remove utmost point as the key, explains the electrocardiogram principle to solve preceding the abstract, the obscure problem of understanding of prior art center electrograph teaching, and can avoid this abstract and difficult concept of synthesizing the electrocardio vector ring.

This electrocardiographic teaching instrument includes:

the heart model is a three-dimensional model, and the cardiac depolarization direction is marked on the heart model;

the heart support comprises a support piece for supporting a heart model, and a frontal plane panel and a horizontal plane panel which are perpendicular to each other, wherein a frontal plane lead coordinate is marked on one surface of the frontal plane panel, which is adjacent to the heart model, a plurality of first concentric circles with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the frontal plane lead coordinate as the center of a circle, a horizontal plane lead coordinate is marked on one surface of the horizontal plane panel, which is adjacent to the heart model, and a plurality of second concentric circles with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the horizontal plane lead coordinate as the center of a circle;

the light source system comprises a frontal plane parallel light source and a horizontal plane parallel light source, the frontal plane parallel light source can emit parallel light perpendicular to a frontal plane panel and is used for projecting the depolarized cardiac vector to frontal plane lead coordinates, and the horizontal plane parallel light source can emit parallel light perpendicular to the horizontal plane panel and is used for projecting the depolarized cardiac vector to horizontal plane lead coordinates.

Wherein, the intersection point of the circle center extension line perpendicular to the first concentric circle and the circle center extension line perpendicular to the second concentric circle is the heart atrioventricular node.

Wherein, the heart model is opaque or semitransparent.

Wherein, the frontal plane lead coordinate marks 6 limb lead axes, and the horizontal plane lead coordinate marks 6 chest lead axes.

Wherein the frontal panel is movable in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal panel.

Wherein, the heart model is connected with an external driving device for changing the position of the heart model in space.

Wherein, the heart model can be decomposed and disassembled.

The frontal panel and the horizontal panel are connected with a display device for displaying the change of different lead electrocardiogram graphs when the position of the heart model is changed.

Wherein, the radiuses of the first concentric circle and the second concentric circle are marked with scales.

Where the cardiac depolarization directions are indicated on the free surface of the ventricles and the diaphragm surface.

The electrocardiogram teaching apparatus of the application projects different surfaces of the heart chamber to the frontal plane panel and the horizontal plane panel with lead coordinates by marking the depolarization current direction of the heart on the three-dimensional heart model and then utilizing the parallel light source, thereby intuitively measuring the depolarization electrocardiogram vector of the different surfaces of the heart chamber on different lead shafts. According to the ventricular depolarization sequence and the direction of the depolarization current, the depolarization vector measured by a certain lead is known to be formed by the depolarization current of which part of the ventricular wall. Multiplying the measured depolarization vector of the left ventricle by three according to the fact that the thickness of the left ventricle is three times of the thickness of the right ventricle, and further obtaining the sizes of ventricular depolarization vectors of different leads; the size of the ventricular depolarization vector of different leads corresponds to the QRS waveform state of the electrocardiogram of the leads, the size of the ventricular depolarization vector corresponds to the electrocardiogram graph, and the electrocardiogram principle is very easy to understand. The main principle of the electrocardiogram in practical application is to judge the size of the depolarization vector measured by different leads of a patient according to the QRS forms of the different leads of the patient, and then reversely deduce the spatial position of the heart and the size of each chamber of the heart according to the measurement directions of the different leads, the anatomical structure characteristics of the heart and the ventricular depolarization sequence. The teaching aid restores the measurement principle of the electrocardiogram and associates the forms of different leads of the electrocardiogram with the anatomical position and the anatomical structure of the heart.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a conventional graphical tool for explaining the complex cardiac electric vector loop;

FIG. 2 is a projection of the integrated cardiac vector loop in the frontal plane of the human body;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an example of an electrocardiogram teaching aid according to the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heart model of the ECG teaching aid of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is frontal lead coordinates of the frontal panel of the electrocardiography teaching aid of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a horizontal plane lead coordinate of the horizontal plane panel of the electrocardiogram teaching aid shown in FIG. 3;

fig. 7 is a structural diagram of the electrocardiogram teaching aid shown in fig. 3 in a state in which the heart model is disassembled.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4 in combination, fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an electrocardiogram teaching aid of the present application, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a ventricular model of the electrocardiogram teaching aid shown in fig. 3. In the present embodiment, the electrocardiogram teaching aid includes a heart model 10, a heart support 20, and a light source system.

The following description will be given by taking the ventricular depolarization procedure as an example, and the atrial depolarization procedure is similar and will not be described again. The repolarization process of the heart is relatively complex, and the depolarization process is more beneficial to explaining the electrocardiogram principle. Therefore, the repolarization process is not described herein.

The heart model 10 is a three-dimensional model, the ventricular depolarization direction 101 is marked on the heart model 10, and in this embodiment, the cardiac electrical vector is an expression of a current with a magnitude and a direction generated in the myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization processes. The vector direction of cardiac depolarization is the same as that of cardiac depolarization, the vector direction of repolarization is also the same as that of repolarization, and the sizes of the depolarization vector and the repolarization vector are positively correlated with the number of cells participating in depolarization or repolarization in the direction. Specifically, the ventricular depolarization direction 101 is indicated on the free surface and the diaphragmatic surface of the ventricle, and the ventricular depolarization vector 101 is determined by the ventricular wall depolarization direction, the structure of the ventricle, and the ventricular wall thickness. The heart model 10 of the present embodiment is preferably detachable and detachable, and when not detached, the ventricular depolarization direction 101 (as shown in fig. 4) is respectively marked on the left ventricular free surface 104 and the right ventricular free surface 103, and the ventricular diaphragm surface can be shown through the detachment, please refer to fig. 7, after the heart is partially detached, the left ventricular diaphragm surface 106 and the right ventricular diaphragm surface 105 separated by the ventricular septum 102 are displayed, and the cardiac depolarization vector on the diaphragm surface can be projected to the frontal plane lead coordinate or the horizontal plane lead coordinate. In this embodiment, the heart model 10 is preferably opaque or translucent to facilitate depolarized cardiac vector projection measurements.

The heart support 20 comprises a support member 201 for supporting the heart model 10, and a frontal plane panel 202 and a horizontal plane panel 203 which are perpendicular to each other, wherein a frontal plane lead coordinate is marked on one side of the frontal plane panel 202 adjacent to the heart model 10, a plurality of first concentric circles 401 with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the frontal plane lead coordinate as the center of a circle, a horizontal plane lead coordinate is marked on one side of the horizontal plane panel 203 adjacent to the heart model 10, and a plurality of second concentric circles 402 with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the horizontal plane lead coordinate as the center of a circle.

The supporting member 201 can be connected to the frontal panel 202 or the horizontal panel 203, and in this embodiment, is preferably connected to the horizontal panel 203, in order to better fix the heart model 10, in other embodiments, a transparent tray can be used to support and fix the heart model 10. Referring to fig. 5 and 6 in combination, fig. 5 is a frontal plane lead coordinate of a frontal plane panel of the electrocardiogram teaching aid shown in fig. 3, and fig. 6 is a horizontal plane lead coordinate of a horizontal plane panel of the electrocardiogram teaching aid shown in fig. 3. The frontal plane lead coordinates are marked with 6 limb lead axes, the horizontal plane lead coordinates are marked with 6 chest lead axes, and the chest lead and the limb lead are prior art and are not described herein again.

In the present embodiment, the frontal plane panel 202 refers to a panel parallel to the frontal plane, and the horizontal plane panel 203 refers to a panel parallel to the horizontal plane. Preferably, the frontal plane panel 202 is movable in the direction of the vertical horizontal plane panel 203 so as to be able to accommodate different scenarios of the heart model 10. Of course, in other embodiments, the horizontal panel 203 may be configured to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the frontal panel 202.

Preferably, the intersection of the extension of the circle center perpendicular to the first concentric circle 401 and the extension of the circle center perpendicular to the second concentric circle 402 is the atrioventricular node of the heart. In order to measure the sizes of the electrocardiographic vectors projected on the frontal plane lead coordinate and the horizontal plane lead coordinate, the radiuses of the first concentric circle 401 and the second concentric circle 402 are all marked with scales.

The light source system comprises a frontal plane parallel light source 301 and a horizontal plane parallel light source 302, wherein parallel light emitted by the frontal plane parallel light source 301 is perpendicular to a frontal plane panel 202 and used for projecting the depolarized cardiac vector to a frontal plane lead coordinate, and parallel light emitted by the horizontal plane parallel light source 302 is perpendicular to a horizontal plane panel 203 and used for projecting the depolarized cardiac vector to a horizontal plane lead coordinate.

Preferably, an external driving device (not shown) is connected to the heart model 10 for driving the heart model 10 to change at different spatial positions so as to display the change of the depolarized cardiac vector on different leads when the position of the heart changes in space. For example, the heart model 10 is connected with an external driving device through a motor and a transmission mechanism, the spatial position of the heart model 10 is changed under the control of the external driving system, but the inside of the depolarized cardiac vector is not changed, but the size of the projection of the depolarized cardiac vector to different guide shafts is changed due to the change of the spatial position of the heart. Since the implementation of the driving device is the prior art and has various implementations, it is not described herein.

Preferably, a display device (not shown) is connected to the frontal panel 202 and the horizontal panel 203 for displaying the change of different ECG patterns when the spatial position of the heart changes. The display device may be disposed independently or on a side of the frontal panel 202 facing away from the frontal lead coordinates.

The structure of the electrocardiogram teaching aid of the present application is described above, and the method of use thereof is described below:

(1) after the collimated light source is turned on, the ventricular free plane and the diaphragm plane can be mapped to frontal plane lead coordinates and horizontal plane lead coordinates through the heart model 10.

(2) According to the direction of the depolarization current of each surface, the direction and the magnitude of the depolarization current of each surface of the ventricle projected on each lead can be displayed.

(3) The ventricular depolarization current is divided into 3 parts according to the time sequence, the ventricular septum 102 is depolarized in the first part, and the depolarization current only accounts for a small part on the QRS wave of the electrocardiogram and can be ignored; the second part is left and right ventricle free surface depolarization, and the third part is left and right ventricle diaphragmatic surface depolarization. The electrocardiogram teaching aid of the present application mainly measures the depolarization currents of the second and third portions.

(4) If the direction of the depolarizing current is consistent with the direction of the conductive coupling shaft, the depolarizing current is a positive value; if the direction of the depolarization current is opposite to the direction of the guide shaft, the depolarization current is a negative value; if the direction of the depolarizing current is perpendicular to the direction of the guide shaft, the depolarizing current is not measured on the guide shaft and is zero. If the ventricular depolarization current is positive in a certain lead direction, the QRS wave of the lead shows an upward direction, and if the ventricular depolarization current is negative in a certain lead direction, the QRS wave of the lead shows a downward direction.

(5) According to the directions and the sizes of the projections of the ventricular free surface and the diaphragm surface depolarization current on the frontal plane and the horizontal plane at different leads (because the thickness of the left ventricular wall is 3 times of the thickness of the right ventricular wall, the size of the depolarization vector projected by the left ventricle is multiplied by 3 before being compared with the size of the right ventricular depolarization vector), the direction and the size of the QRS wave dominant wave at different leads of the electrocardiogram can be directly judged. The electrocardiogram 101 corresponds directly to the electrocardiogram.

The electrocardiogram teaching apparatus of the application has the following advantages:

1) the invention projects the left ventricle free surface and the right ventricle free surface and the diaphragm surface to the frontal plane lead coordinate and the horizontal plane lead coordinate respectively, firstly, the size of the left ventricle depolarization current and the right ventricle depolarization current is determined by the structure of the ventricles, the depolarization cardiac vector direction of a part of ventricular walls is judged by combining the depolarization current direction of the part of ventricular walls, and then the projection size and the projection direction of the part of ventricular depolarization current in different lead axes can be measured according to the projection size and the depolarization current direction of different parts of the ventricular walls by combining the wall thickness of the left ventricle and the wall thickness of the right ventricle. The size of the depolarization vector of the heart in a certain lead direction can be basically judged without multiple times of space conversion.

2) The invention can use the heart model to demonstrate the principle of generating the cardiac depolarization vectors of different leads, and in turn, leads students to learn how to reversely deduce the position of the heart and the size of the chamber according to the anatomical structure characteristics of the heart and the electrocardiogram graph. The image of the electrocardiogram is associated with the anatomical structure of the heart, so that the electrocardiogram is not abstract and unintelligible.

3) The conduction direction of the depolarization current of the heart in the heart is basically unchanged no matter how the relative anatomical position of the heart in the chest cavity is changed, and the measurement direction of each lead of the heart is also basically unchanged. Therefore, the invention can simulate the change of the electrocardiogram vector measured by different leads after the change of the heart position is measured, thereby being capable of presuming the change of the electrocardiogram QRS wave form. Then, the electrocardiogram QRS wave graph is compared with the actual electrocardiogram QRS wave graph, so that the study of the electrocardiogram principle is more intuitive, understandable and flexible. Students can take three birds with one stone, so that the electrocardiogram principle can be thoroughly understood.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an electrocardiogram teaching aid, electrocardiogram teaching aid includes the heart model, the heart model is the three-dimensional model, its characterized in that, it has the heart depolarization direction to mark on the heart model, electrocardiogram teaching aid still includes:

the heart support comprises a support for supporting the heart model, and a frontal panel and a horizontal panel which are perpendicular to each other, wherein a frontal lead coordinate is marked on one side of the frontal panel adjacent to the heart model, a plurality of first concentric circles with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the frontal lead coordinate as the center of a circle, a horizontal lead coordinate is marked on one side of the horizontal panel adjacent to the heart model, and a plurality of second concentric circles with different diameters are formed by taking the coordinate center of the horizontal lead coordinate as the center of a circle;

the light source system comprises a frontal plane parallel light source and a horizontal plane parallel light source, the frontal plane parallel light source can emit parallel light perpendicular to the frontal plane panel and is used for projecting depolarized cardiac electric vectors to the frontal plane lead coordinates, and the horizontal plane parallel light source can emit parallel light perpendicular to the horizontal plane panel and is used for projecting depolarized cardiac electric vectors to the horizontal plane lead coordinates.

2. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intersection of the line perpendicular to the center of the first concentric circle and the line perpendicular to the center of the second concentric circle is the atrioventricular node of the heart.

3. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heart model is opaque or translucent.

4. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frontal plane lead coordinates indicate 6 limb lead axes and the horizontal plane lead coordinates indicate 6 thoracic lead axes.

5. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the brow panel is movable in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal panel.

6. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein an external drive device is coupled to the heart model for changing the position of the heart model in space.

7. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heart model is detachable and detachable.

8. The electrocardiogram teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein the frontal panel and the horizontal panel are connected with a display device for displaying the change of different ECG leads when the position of the heart model is changed.

9. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radii of the first and second concentric circles are graduated.

10. The ecg apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cardiac depolarization directions are indicated on a free surface of a ventricle and a diaphragm surface.