CN109377845A - Electrocardiogram teaching appliance - Google Patents
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- CN109377845A CN109377845A CN201811505424.8A CN201811505424A CN109377845A CN 109377845 A CN109377845 A CN 109377845A CN 201811505424 A CN201811505424 A CN 201811505424A CN 109377845 A CN109377845 A CN 109377845A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of electrocardiogram teaching appliance, which includes cardiac module, cardiac stent and light-source system, and heart is labeled on cardiac module except extreme direction;Cardiac stent includes the supporting element and orthogonal face amount panel and horizontal faceplate panels for being used to support cardiac module, face amount panel has adjacent to the one side of cardiac module indicates graduated frontal plane lead coordinate, and horizontal faceplate panels have adjacent to the one side of cardiac module indicates graduated horizontal plane lead coordinate;Light-source system includes face amount parallel light source and horizontal plane parallel light source.The electrocardiogram teaching appliance of the application can help intuitively to explain the size with analogue measurement heart depolarization electrocardial vector of different leads in process of depolarization, and then help to explain how the spatial position of heart, the size and electrocardio-activity situation of each chamber judged according to ECG pattern, keep the teaching of electrocardiogram principle more intuitive, it is readily appreciated that.
Description
Technical field
This application involves ECG techniques fields, more particularly to a kind of electrocardiogram teaching appliance.
Background technique
For medical personnel, in some cases, when whether judging patient sb.'s sickness becomes critical, electrocardiogram and the heart
Particularly critical effect is played in electricity monitoring, and electrocardiogram of failing to understand even will cause the opportunity for losing and giving emergency treatment to a patient.Currently, electrocardiogram
And cardiac monitoring is widely used in clinical position.Electrocardiogram have become medicine, nursing etc. profession must learn content.
The key of electrocardiogram study is electrocardiogram principle.
In traditional teaching method, the big drawback of teaching presence two of electrocardiogram principle, first is that the teaching of electrocardiogram schematic diagram
It disconnects with cardiac anatomy, second is that showing three-dimensional electrocardio depolarization resultant vector with X-Y scheme.
The entire learning process of traditional electrocardiogram principle needs spatial thought conversion three times.It explains one by one below.
Firstly, understanding the concept of complex electrocardio vector ring.Heart wink when complex electrocardio vector ring is atrium or sequences of ventricular depolarization
When combination current dynamic change ring, be a three-dimensional vector.Fig. 1 is the common figure work for explaining complex electrocardio vector ring
Tool, wherein the curve of two-wire item indicates that complex electrocardio vector ring, the curve of the single line item in figure indicate complex electrocardio vector in figure
Projection of the ring in Different Plane.Wherein YOZ plane represents face amount, and the face XOZ represents horizontal plane (bottom surface in figure), XOY
Represent side.
Secondly, understanding complex electrocardio vector ring in the projection of Different Plane.Fig. 2 shows complex electrocardio vector ring in human body
The coordinate surface of face amount projection, coordinate are the mark common frontal plane lead coordinates of electrocardial vector.
Finally, the electrocardial vector size on horizontal plane and face amount different directions is projected to each lead measurement again.
During three above, first process is relatively difficult, i.e., how the shape of resultant vector ring generates,
Its concrete shape is difficult to describe.And if cannot understand complex electrocardio vector ring, which has no way of talking in face amount and horizontal plane projection
It rises, just it is even more impossible to understand subsequent each lead measurement for students.
The teaching of electrocardiogram principle at present mainly relies on the space diagram teaching or animation that plan view is drawn
Technology shows that heart removes the picture that electrode current is conducted along conduction path, the religion for the measurement electrocardial vector that not can be used specifically
Learn model.Teaching accordingly, with respect to electrocardiogram principle or telling about based on method with traditional complex electrocardio vector ring, without phase
Close teaching aid.
Summary of the invention
Electrocardiogram principle is exactly the electrocardial vector by measuring different leads, is shown in the form of electrocardiogram, then
The electrocardial vector Comprehensive Correlation of different leads, thus it is speculated that a kind of inspection of the spatial position, chamber size and electrocardio-activity of heart
Method.The size for the electrocardial vector of each lead measured, especially depolarization electrocardial vector size are by heart except electrode current side
It is determined to the thickness of the, structure of heart and the chambers of the heart.Sick human heart can not be taken out measurement in real work, and passed through
Then ECG techniques can be surveyed according to the anti-electrocardial vector size for pushing away each lead of ECG pattern further according to each lead
The characteristics of measuring direction and cardiac structure, it is known which part of heart the measurement of different leads is except electrode current, Jin Erke
With the anti-dirty spatial position, chamber size for the treatment of others with sincerity.Meanwhile electrocardiogram be also observe electrocardiographic activity situation one kind it is simple, just
Prompt inspection method.
The application proposes a kind of electrocardiogram teaching appliance, can be attached most importance to sequences of ventricular depolarization, explains electrocardiogram principle, with solution
Electrocardiogram in the prior art certainly noted earlier teaching is abstract, problem hard to understand, and can avoid complex electrocardio vector ring
This be abstracted concept hard to understand.
This electrocardiogram teaching appliance includes:
Cardiac module, cardiac module are three-dimensional model, and heart is labeled on cardiac module except extreme direction;
Cardiac stent, cardiac stent include the supporting element and orthogonal face amount panel and water for being used to support cardiac module
Flat panel, face amount panel is labeled with frontal plane lead coordinate adjacent to cardiac module on one side, in the coordinate of frontal plane lead coordinate
The heart is the first concentric circles that the center of circle is formed with multiple and different diameters, and horizontal faceplate panels are labeled with level adjacent to cardiac module on one side
Face lead coordinate is formed with the second concentric circles of multiple and different diameters using the coordinate center of horizontal plane lead coordinate as the center of circle;
Light-source system, light-source system include face amount parallel light source and horizontal plane parallel light source, face amount parallel light source
The directional light vertical with face amount panel can be issued, for projecting depolarization electrocardial vector to frontal plane lead coordinate, horizontal plane is flat
Row radiant can issue the directional light vertical with horizontal faceplate panels, sit for projecting depolarization electrocardial vector to horizontal plane lead
Mark.
Wherein, perpendicular to the boundary of the center of circle extended line of the first concentric circles and the center of circle extended line perpendicular to the second concentric circles
Point is at cardiac chamber knot.
Wherein, cardiac module is opaque or translucent.
Wherein, frontal plane lead coordinates have 6 limb leads axis, and horizontal plane lead coordinates have 6 chest leads axis.
Wherein, face amount panel can move on the direction of vertical-horizontal faceplate panels.
Wherein, cardiac module is connected with external driver device, for changing cardiac module space position.
Wherein, cardiac module is decomposable and dismantles.
Wherein, face amount panel and horizontal faceplate panels are connected with display device, for showing that cardiac module position changes
When, the variation of different lead electrocardiogram figures.
Wherein, the radius of the first concentric circles and the second concentric circles indicates scale.
Wherein, heart depolarization hand designations are on the free surface and diaphragmatic surface of ventricle.
The electrocardiogram teaching appliance of the application is recycled by indicating heart depolarization current direction on three-dimensional cardiac module
Parallel light source projects ventricle different sides to face amount panel and horizontal faceplate panels with lead coordinate, to intuitively measure
The size of depolarization electrocardial vector of the ventricle different sides on different axis of leads.According to sequences of ventricular depolarization sequence and except the side of electrode current
To it is known that the depolarization vector of some lead measurement is which partly depolarization electric current of ventricle wall is constituted.Further according to the left heart
Room thickness is three times of right ventricle thickness, the depolarization vector of the left ventricle measured multiplied by three, and then available different leads
Ventricular depolarization vector size;Again the QRS wave form pair of the ventricular depolarization vector size of different leads and the electrocardiogram of the lead
It answers, ventricular depolarization vector size is just mapped with ECG pattern, and electrocardio principle also just can very easy be interpreted.And electrocardio
Cardinal principle is the depolarization for judging its different lead according to patient's difference lead electrocardiogram QRS form and measuring to figure in practical applications
The size of vector, measurement direction and cardiac anatomy feature further according to different leads, sequences of ventricular depolarization sequence, it is counter treat others with sincerity it is dirty
The size of spatial position and all chambers of the heart room.This teaching appliance is that the measuring principle of electrocardiogram is restored, different lead electrocardios
The form of figure associates with the anatomical position of heart and anatomical structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the common graphical tool for explaining complex electrocardio vector ring;
Fig. 2 is projection figure of the complex electrocardio vector ring in human body face amount coordinate surface;
Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of one embodiment of the application electrocardiogram teaching appliance;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the cardiac module of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the frontal plane lead coordinate of the face amount panel of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the horizontal plane lead coordinate of the horizontal faceplate panels of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 7 is the cardiac module dismantling status architecture schematic diagram of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are please referred to, Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of one embodiment of the application electrocardiogram teaching appliance,
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the ventricular model of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3.In the present embodiment, electrocardiogram teaching device
Tool includes cardiac module 10, cardiac stent 20 and light-source system.
Illustrate specific embodiment by taking sequences of ventricular depolarization process as an example below, Atrial depolarization process is similar therewith, repeats no more.
The process of repolarization of heart is relative complex, and process of depolarization is more advantageous to the explanation of electrocardiogram principle.Therefore, process of repolarization is not herein
It repeats again.
Cardiac module 10 is three-dimensional model, is labeled with sequences of ventricular depolarization direction 101 on cardiac module 10, in the present embodiment,
Electrocardial vector is the expression of the electric current with size and Orientation generated in Conditions of Cardiac Cell Depolarization and process of repolarization.And heart depolarization
Vector direction is with heart except extreme direction is identical, and multipole vector is also identical as multipole direction, and the size of depolarization and multipole vector is by this
Depolarization is participated on direction or the cell quantity of multipole is positively correlated.Specifically, sequences of ventricular depolarization direction 101 is shown in the trip of ventricle
From on face and diaphragmatic surface, ventricular depolarization vector 101 is by ventricle wall except extreme direction, the structure of ventricle and ventricular wall thickness determine.This reality
The cardiac module 10 for applying example is preferably disassembled and disassembly type, when not disassembling, in left ventricle free surface 104 and right ventricle free surface
Sequences of ventricular depolarization direction 101 (as shown in Figure 4) is labeled on 103 respectively, the diaphragmatic surface of ventricle can be shown by disassembling, incorporated by reference to
Refering to Fig. 7, after heart carries out part dismantling, the left ventricle diaphragmatic surface 106 and right ventricle diaphragmatic surface 105 separated by interventricular septum 102 is just aobvious
It shows and, the electrocardio depolarization vector on diaphragmatic surface equally can be projected to frontal plane lead coordinate or horizontal plane lead coordinate.In this reality
It applies in example, preferably cardiac module 10 is opaque or translucent, so as to depolarization electrocardial vector projection measurement.
Cardiac stent 20 includes the supporting element 201 for being used to support cardiac module 10 and orthogonal 202 He of face amount panel
Horizontal faceplate panels 203, face amount panel 202 are labeled with frontal plane lead coordinate adjacent to cardiac module 10 on one side, are sat with frontal plane lead
Target coordinate center is that the center of circle is formed with the first concentric circles 401 of multiple and different diameters, and horizontal faceplate panels 203 are adjacent to cardiac module
10 are labeled with horizontal plane lead coordinate on one side, are formed with using the coordinate center of horizontal plane lead coordinate as the center of circle multiple and different straight
Second concentric circles 402 of diameter.
Wherein, supporting element 201 may connect on face amount panel 202 or horizontal faceplate panels 203, in the present embodiment, preferably
It is connected on horizontal faceplate panels 203, in order to which transparent support can also be used in other embodiments in preferably fixed cardiac module 10
Disk is supported fixed cardiac module 10.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are please referred to, Fig. 5 is the volume of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3
The frontal plane lead coordinate of faceplate panels, Fig. 6 are that the horizontal plane lead of the horizontal faceplate panels of electrocardiogram teaching appliance shown in Fig. 3 is sat
Mark.There are 6 limb leads axis in frontal plane lead coordinates, horizontal plane lead coordinates there are 6 chest leads axis, since chest is led
Connection and limb leads are the prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
In the present embodiment, face amount panel 202 refers to that the panel parallel with face amount, horizontal faceplate panels 203 refer to flat with horizontal plane
Capable panel.Preferably, face amount panel 202 can move on the direction of vertical-horizontal faceplate panels 203, enable adaptation to not
With the cardiac module 10 of scene.Certainly, in other embodiments, can also be set as horizontal faceplate panels 203 can be along perpendicular to face amount
202 direction of panel is mobile.
Preferably, extend perpendicular to the center of circle extended line of the first concentric circles 401 and the center of circle perpendicular to the second concentric circles 402
The point of interface of line is at cardiac chamber knot.In order to measure the electrocardio being projected on frontal plane lead coordinate and horizontal plane lead coordinate to
The radius of the size of amount, multiple first concentric circles 401 and the second concentric circles 402 is respectively marked with scale.
Light-source system includes face amount parallel light source 301 and horizontal plane parallel light source 302, face amount parallel light source 301
The directional light of sending is vertical with face amount panel 202, and for projecting depolarization electrocardial vector to frontal plane lead coordinate, horizontal plane is parallel
The directional light that radiant 302 issues is vertical with horizontal faceplate panels 203, sits for projecting depolarization electrocardial vector to horizontal plane lead
Mark.
Preferably, cardiac module 10 is connected with external driver device (not shown), for driving cardiac module 10 in space
The variation of different location, to show the heart variation of depolarization electrocardial vector in different leads in spatial position change.Such as
Cardiac module 10 is connect with external driver device by motor and transmission mechanism, the heart mould under the control of external drive system
The spatial position of type 10 changes, and will not change inside depolarization electrocardial vector, but due to the spatial position of heart
Variation, the size that depolarization electrocardial vector projects to different axis of leads can change.Because the driving device embodiment is existing
Technology, and there are a variety of implementations, therefore not to repeat here.
Preferably, face amount panel 202 and horizontal faceplate panels 203 are connected with display device (not shown), for showing heart
The variation of difference lead electrocardiogram figure when spatial position change.Display device can be independently arranged, and may also set up in face amount panel
202 deviate from the one side of frontal plane lead coordinate.
The structure of the electrocardiogram teaching appliance of the application is explained above, illustrates its application method below:
(1) after opening parallel light source, ventricle free surface and diaphragmatic surface can be mapped to face amount by cardiac module 10 and lead
Join coordinate and horizontal plane lead coordinate.
(2) according to the depolarization current direction in each face, can show each face of ventricle except electrode current be projected in it is each
Direction and size in lead.
(3) sequences of ventricular depolarization electric current sequentially in time, is divided into 3 parts, 102 depolarization of first part's interventricular septum, this part
Except electrode current only accounts for small part on the QRS wave of electrocardiogram, can ignore;Second part left and right ventricles free surface removes
Pole, Part III are left and right ventricles diaphragmatic surface depolarizations.The electrocardiogram teaching appliance of the application mainly measures second and Part III
Except electrode current.
(4) if depolarization current direction is consistent with lead axis direction, except electrode current is positive value;If depolarization current direction
It is contrary with axis of leads, then except electrode current is negative value;If depolarization current direction is vertical with lead axis direction, in the axis of leads
On do not measure then, be zero.If sequences of ventricular depolarization electric current is positive value on certain lead direction, the QRS wave of the lead shows as direction
Upwards, if sequences of ventricular depolarization electric current is negative value on certain lead direction, it is downward that the QRS wave of the lead shows as direction.
(5) according to ventricle free surface and diaphragmatic surface except electrode current is projected in the big of face amount and the direction sum of horizontal plane difference lead
Small (since the thickness of left ventricular wall is 3 times of right ventricular wall thickness, the depolarization vector size and right ventricle depolarization of left ventricle projection
It will be multiplied by 3), can directly judging the main wave direction of the QRS wave of electrocardiogram difference lead and size before vector comparison.Electrocardial vector
101 are just directly mapped with ECG pattern.
The electrocardiogram teaching appliance of the application has following advantage:
1) left and right ventricles free surface and diaphragmatic surface are projected to frontal plane lead coordinate and horizontal plane lead coordinate by the present invention respectively,
Left and right ventricles are defined first except the size of electrode current is determined by the structure of ventricle, remove electrode current in conjunction with certain part ventricle wall
Walking direction part ventricle wall depolarization electrocardial vector direction, in conjunction with left locular wall than right ventricle wall thickness, so that it may according to ventricle wall
Different piece projected size and depolarization current direction measure the part sequences of ventricular depolarization electric current different lead axial projections size and
Direction.It needs not move through multiple space and converts the big of the depolarization vector that can judge heart substantially in some lead direction
It is small.
2) present invention can demonstrate the principle that the heart depolarization vector of different leads generates using cardiac module, allow in turn
Student learns how the size of anatomical structure feature and the ECG pattern anti-position for treating others with sincerity dirty and chamber according to heart.The heart
The figure of electrograph and the anatomical structure of heart connect, and are abstracted electrocardiogram no longer hard to understand.
3) no matter how opposite anatomical position of the heart in thoracic cavity changes, and heart removes the conduction side of electrode current inside it
To substantially constant, each lead measurement direction of heart is also to be basically unchanged.So according to the present invention can be with the analogue measurement heart
The change for the electrocardial vector that different leads measure after dirty change in location, so as to speculate the change of its ECG-QRS Wave form.
Then it is compareed again with actual ECG-QRS Wave figure, keeps the study of electrocardiogram principle more intuitive, understandable, flexible.Student can
To draw inferences about other cases from one instance, electrocardiogram principle is thoroughly understood.
The foregoing is merely presently filed embodiments, are not intended to limit the scope of the patents of the application, all to utilize this
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by application specification and accompanying drawing content, it is relevant to be applied directly or indirectly in other
Technical field similarly includes in the scope of patent protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electrocardiogram teaching appliance, which is characterized in that the electrocardiogram teaching appliance includes:
Cardiac module, the cardiac module are three-dimensional model, and heart is labeled on the cardiac module except extreme direction;
Cardiac stent, the cardiac stent include the supporting element and orthogonal face amount panel for being used to support the cardiac module
With horizontal faceplate panels, the face amount panel is labeled with frontal plane lead coordinate adjacent to the cardiac module on one side, with the face amount
The coordinate center of lead coordinate is the first concentric circles that the center of circle is formed with multiple and different diameters, and the horizontal faceplate panels are neighbouring described
Cardiac module is labeled with horizontal plane lead coordinate on one side, is formed with using the coordinate center of the horizontal plane lead coordinate as the center of circle
Second concentric circles of multiple and different diameters;
Light-source system, the light-source system include face amount parallel light source and horizontal plane parallel light source, the face amount directional light
Light source can issue the directional light vertical with the face amount panel, sit for projecting depolarization electrocardial vector to the frontal plane lead
Mark, the horizontal plane parallel light source can issue the directional light vertical with the horizontal faceplate panels, be used for the depolarization heart
Electric vector projection is to the horizontal plane lead coordinate.
2. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that perpendicular to the center of circle of first concentric circles
The point of interface of extended line and the center of circle extended line perpendicular to second concentric circles is at cardiac chamber knot.
3. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cardiac module is opaque or semi-transparent
Bright shape.
4. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the frontal plane lead coordinates have 6
Limb leads axis, the horizontal plane lead coordinates have 6 chest leads axis.
5. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the face amount panel can be vertical described
It is moved on the direction of horizontal faceplate panels.
6. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cardiac module is connected with external drive
Device, for changing the cardiac module space position.
7. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cardiac module is decomposable and dismantles.
8. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the face amount panel and horizontal faceplate panels connect
It is connected to display device, when for showing that the cardiac module position changes, the variation of different lead electrocardiogram figures.
9. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first concentric circles and described second is together
The radius of heart circle indicates scale.
10. electrocardiogram teaching appliance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heart depolarization hand designations are in the heart
On the free surface and diaphragmatic surface of room.
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Cited By (1)
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CN115035778A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-09 | 广州卫生职业技术学院 | Heart model |
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