CN115035778A - Heart model - Google Patents
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- CN115035778A CN115035778A CN202210688644.9A CN202210688644A CN115035778A CN 115035778 A CN115035778 A CN 115035778A CN 202210688644 A CN202210688644 A CN 202210688644A CN 115035778 A CN115035778 A CN 115035778A
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- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 210000005246 left atrium Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 210000005245 right atrium Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001147 pulmonary artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003492 pulmonary vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034225 regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002336 repolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
- G09B23/32—Anatomical models with moving parts
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heart model; comprises a heart great vessel part, a left atrium part, a right atrium part, a left ventricle part, a right ventricle part, an inter-ventricular part and a lower part of a ventricle; the great cardiac blood vessel part is detachably connected with other parts; the invention properly segments the heart model, is convenient for observing each part of the heart and is beneficial to teaching and understanding the electrocardiogram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrocardiogram teaching, in particular to a heart model.
Background
The heart exists as a three-dimensional mode, every cardiac cycle, all myocardial cells of the heart participate in the generation of an electrocardiogram vector, and the size of the electrocardiogram vector in a certain direction has a close relation with the structure of the heart. According to the vector rule, the direction of the depolarization current is related to the depolarization direction, and the magnitude of the depolarization current is determined by the structure of the heart. The magnitude and direction of the depolarization current of the relevant parts can be calculated according to the trend of the depolarization current of different parts of the heart and the structure of the heart. Similarly, based on the cardiac structure and the order of depolarization, we can also infer the magnitude of the depolarization current in a certain direction that is not in the same direction.
The three-dimensional heart structure cannot be directly measured and touched from the outside of the body, the depolarization current and the repolarization current in different directions generated in the depolarization process of the heart can be measured from the outside of the body, and the magnitude of the current is closely related to the structure of the heart, so that the heart structure and the electrocardio-activity condition can be indirectly judged according to the complete heart current (vector) of one or more cardiac cycles measured from different directions from the outside of the body, namely the electrocardiogram principle.
The essence of the electrocardiogram is an examination method which utilizes lead shafts in different directions to measure heart currents in different directions, particularly the condition of depolarization current, so as to judge the position of the heart, the size of a chamber and the condition of electrocardio activity. When measuring the cardiac current, the current in the same direction as the lead axis can be measured and is a positive value, the current opposite to the lead axis is a negative value, and the current perpendicular to the lead axis can not be measured and is zero. The twelve leads of the electrocardiogram are twelve different measurement directions.
The electrocardiogram and the electrocardiographic monitoring are widely used in clinical work and are very important, and in certain clinical situations, the electrocardiogram of a patient is read and understood, and even whether the patient can be rescued in time or not is determined, so that the life and death of the patient are determined. Therefore, both medical and nursing students need to learn electrocardiograms. But the electrocardiogram is difficult to learn and understand and is a common heart sound of students and teachers.
The electrocardiogram and heart model are inseparable. Although relatively visual heart models have appeared and are detachable. However, improper cutting of the heart model will make it difficult to distinguish the heart regions during learning and understanding, and it is inconvenient to individually interpret the heart regions and their corresponding heart currents, which is disadvantageous for teaching and understanding the electrocardiogram.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a heart model, which solves the problems that the improper cutting of the heart model can not easily distinguish each part of the heart in the learning and understanding, is inconvenient to independently explain each part and the corresponding heart current thereof, and is unfavorable for the teaching and understanding of the electrocardiogram.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an aspect of the present invention is to provide a heart model, including: a great cardiac vessel portion, a left atrium portion, a right atrium portion, a left ventricle portion, a right ventricle portion, an inter-chamber portion, and a lower ventricle portion; the heart great vessel part is respectively detachably connected with the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part, the inter-chamber part and the lower part of the ventricle; the left atrium part is arranged at the left upper part of the heart great vessel part and forms the left atrium by enclosing with the heart great vessel part; the right atrium part is arranged at the right upper part of the great cardiac blood vessel part and is encircled with the great cardiac blood vessel part to form a right atrium; the left ventricle part is arranged at the left lower part of the great cardiac vessel part, the right ventricle part is arranged at the right lower part of the great cardiac vessel part, the interventricular part is arranged at the middle lower part of the great cardiac vessel part, and the lower ventricle part is arranged at the lower parts of the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part and the interventricular part; the left ventricle portion, the great cardiac vessel portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-chamber portion and the lower part of the ventricle are encircled to form a left ventricle, and the great cardiac vessel portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-chamber portion and the lower part of the ventricle are encircled to form a right ventricle.
Preferably, the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part, the inter-ventricular part and the lower part of the ventricle are respectively provided with a corresponding depolarization current mark; a left atrium depolarizing current mark is arranged outside the left atrium part and is in the left-back-lower direction; a right atrium depolarizing current mark with a downward direction is arranged outside the right atrium part; the outer part of the left ventricle part is provided with a left ventricle depolarization current mark which is downward and forward leftwards; a right ventricle depolarizing electrode identifier is arranged outside the right ventricle part and faces to the right lower front; the left side part of the middle part is provided with a left middle part depolarization current mark which is downward right and forward, and the right side part of the middle part is provided with a right middle part depolarization current mark which is downward right and forward; the left side part of the lower part of the ventricle is provided with a left ventricle lower part depolarization current mark which is upward and leftward, and the right side part of the lower part of the ventricle is provided with a right ventricle lower part depolarization current mark which is upward and rightward.
Preferably, the depolarizing current is identified as a plurality of line segments having directional arrows.
Preferably, the great vessels of the heart include the aorta, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins; the aorta is located in the upper part of the great vessels of the heart, and the pulmonary arteries and veins are located on the lower side of the aorta.
Preferably, the material of the heart model is plastic, glass, rubber or metal.
Preferably, the heart model is transparent.
Preferably, the great cardiac blood vessel part is detachably connected with the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part, the inter-ventricular part and the lower part of the ventricle respectively through buckles.
Preferably, the great cardiac blood vessel portion is detachably connected to the left atrium portion, the right atrium portion, the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-ventricular portion, and the lower portion of the ventricle, respectively, via a magnet.
Preferably, the colors of the great cardiac blood vessel portion, the left atrium portion, the right atrium portion, the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-chamber portion, and the lower part of the ventricle are different from each other.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heart model is divided into seven parts, namely a heart great vessel part, a left atrium part, a right atrium part, a left ventricular part, a right ventricular part, an inter-ventricular part and a ventricular lower part. The heart model is properly divided, when the heart model is combined together, all parts of the heart can be conveniently observed, one part or a plurality of parts can be disassembled to observe the internal structure of the heart, and after the heart model is disassembled, different parts and corresponding heart currents can be conveniently and independently explained, so that the teaching and understanding of the electrocardiogram are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a lead label tray according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of a lead labeling tray according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement scale according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front face configuration of a lead label tray coupled to a plurality of measurement scales in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the negative structure of a lead label plate coupled to a plurality of measurement scales according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of a lead label tray folded with a plurality of measurement scales according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the right atrium portion of the heart model in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure at the left atrium of a heart model in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heart model at the right ventricle portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the left ventricular part of a heart model according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the left side of the ventricular portion of the heart model in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the right side of the ventricular part of the heart model in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a structure at the lower part of a ventricle in a heart model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It is to be noted that, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the electrocardiogram, an electrocardiogram teaching system is provided, which comprises an appliance for measuring the electrocardiogram vector of a heart model and the heart model.
Fig. 1-6 show an embodiment of an apparatus for measuring cardiac electric vectors of a heart model, comprising: the measurement ruler 20 is used for measuring the electrocardiovector of the heart model 30 corresponding to the lead coordinate system, and the connection end of the measurement ruler 20 is arranged at the center of the lead mark disc 10, the lead coordinate system is arranged on the lead mark disc 10, and the measurement ruler 20 is used for measuring the electrocardiovector of the heart model 30 corresponding to the lead coordinate system.
The invention comprises a lead marking disc 10 and a measuring scale 20, and has simple structure, light weight and lower cost. The measuring direction can be changed at any time according to the change of the heart structure and the starting point of the depolarization current without additionally providing a special horizontal plane or frontal plane and being not influenced by ambient light and projection, and the use is flexible. Is convenient for use, carrying and storage.
Further, the shape of the lead mark plate 10 includes a circle, an ellipse or a polygon; the lead marking plate 10 is made of cardboard, plastic, glass or metal; lead label tray 10 is transparent, translucent or opaque.
Preferably, lead label tray 10 is opaque, circular and is made of plastic.
Preferably, the lead coordinate system comprises a limb guide shaft and a chest guide shaft; the limb guide shaft is arranged on the front side of the lead marking plate 10, and the chest guide shaft is arranged on the back side of the lead marking plate 10.
The frontal plane is a dissection plane divided into front and back planes. The horizontal plane is a tangential plane or anatomical plane that intersects the body and is parallel to the ground.
The front surface of the lead mark plate 10 is the frontal surface, which can replace the vertical surface in the prior art for marking the limb guide shaft, and the back surface of the lead mark plate 10 is the horizontal surface, which can replace the horizontal surface in the prior art for marking the precordial guide shaft. When it is desired to measure the limb lead, the lead label tray 10 is placed on the anterior or posterior side of the heart model 30, with the lead label tray 10 serving as the frontal plane, to measure the limb lead. When the chest lead shaft needs to be measured, the lead mark disc 10 is placed on the upper side or the lower side of the heart model 30, the lead mark disc 10 is used as a horizontal plane to measure the chest lead shaft, and the lead mark disc 10 can be used as a frontal plane and a horizontal plane, so that a special horizontal plane or frontal plane does not need to be additionally provided, the structure is simple and portable, and the cost is low.
Lead labeling disk 10 may be 5 cm to 20 cm in diameter, preferably 10 cm.
Preferably, the lead coordinate system comprises a limb guide coupling shaft and a chest guide coupling shaft; the number of the limb guide coupling shafts is 6, which are respectively: the guide shaft I, the guide shaft II, the guide shaft III, the guide shaft aVR, the guide shaft aVL and the guide shaft aVF; the chest lead shaft is provided with 6, is respectively: a V1 guide shaft, a V2 guide shaft, a V3 guide shaft, a V4 guide shaft, a V5 guide shaft and a V6 guide shaft.
Preferably, the front surface of the lead label tray 10 is delimited by a horizontal center line, the left center line is a starting point, the angle range of the lower side of the center line is 0 ° to 180 °, and the angle range of the upper side of the center line is a negative angle of 0 ° to-180 °. I, a guide coupling shaft is positioned on a center line on the right side, and the included angle of the guide coupling shaft relative to the center line is 0 degree; the guide coupling shaft II is positioned on the lower side of the center line, and the included angle of the guide coupling shaft II relative to the center line is 60 degrees; the III guide coupling shaft is positioned at the lower side of the central line, and the included angle relative to the central line is 120 degrees; the aVF guide shaft is positioned at the lower side of the central line, and the included angle relative to the central line is 90 degrees; the aVL guide shaft is positioned on the upper side of the central line, and forms an included angle of-30 degrees relative to the central line; the aVR guide shaft is located on the upper side of the center line and forms an angle of-150 degrees with respect to the center line.
Preferably, the back side of the lead mark panel 10 is delimited by a horizontal center line, starting from the center line on the left side, and the angle on the lower side of the center line is in the range of 0 ° to 180 °. The V6 guide shaft is positioned on the right central line, and the included angle relative to the central line is 0 degree; the V5 guide shaft is positioned at the lower side of the central line, and the included angle relative to the central line is 30 degrees; the V4 guide shaft is positioned at the lower side of the central line and forms an included angle of 60 degrees relative to the central line; the V3 guide shaft is positioned at the lower side of the center line, and the included angle of the V3 guide shaft relative to the center line is 75 degrees; the V2 guide shaft is positioned at the lower side of the central line, and the included angle relative to the central line is 90 degrees; the V1 guide shaft is located on the lower side of the center line and is at an angle of 120 DEG relative to the center line.
The length of the measurement scale 20 may be equal to the radius of the lead label plate 10, and to facilitate rotation of the measurement scale 20, it is preferred that the length of the measurement scale 20 is greater than the radius of the lead label plate 10. The length of the measuring scale 20 is 2-5 times the radius of the lead mark plate 10.
The measurement scale 20 is rectangular or curvilinear in shape. The curved shape may have a curve in a side surface. Preferably, the measurement scale 20 is rectangular in shape.
Scales can be arranged on the lead coordinate system of the lead marking disc 10 for measuring the electrocardiogram vector of the heart model 30, and preferably, the scale 201 is arranged on the measuring scale 20. The scale 201 is arranged on the measuring scale 20, so that disorder displayed by the scale 201 arranged on the lead marking disc 10 can be avoided, the observation is not convenient for intuitionistic observation, and the electrocardiogram vector measurement data of the heart model 30 can be observed conveniently and intuitively by arranging the scale 201 on the measuring scale 20.
The measuring scale 20 can be movably connected with the lead mark plate 10 or fixedly connected with the lead mark plate.
When the measurement scale 20 is movably connected to the lead label plate 10, the connection end of the measurement scale 20 is hinged at the center of the lead label plate 10, and the free end of the measurement scale 20 rotates at the center of the lead label plate 10. When the measuring scale 20 is fixedly connected with the lead marking plate 10, the measuring scale 20 can be fixed on the lead marking plate 10 by means of adhesion or screwing.
When the measurement scale 20 is movably connected to the lead label tray 10, a single measurement scale 20 or a plurality of measurement scales 20 may be provided.
When a measuring scale 20 is provided, the measuring scale 20 can be correspondingly rotated to a lead axis in the lead coordinate system. When the lead mark panel 10 is transparent or translucent, the lead mark panel 10 may be provided with a measuring staff 20, and the measuring staff 20 may be correspondingly rotated to the first guide shaft, the second guide shaft, the third guide shaft, the aVR guide shaft, the aVL guide shaft, the aVF guide shaft, the V1 guide shaft, the V2 guide shaft, the V3 guide shaft, the V4 guide shaft, the V5 guide shaft, or the V6 guide shaft. The guide shafts can be measured separately by means of a measuring scale 20. When the measuring scale 20 is opaque, a measuring scale 20 can be respectively arranged on the front surface and the facet of the lead marking plate 10, and the measuring scale 20 on the front surface can correspondingly rotate to the first guide coupling shaft, the second guide coupling shaft, the third guide coupling shaft, the aVR guide coupling shaft, the aVL guide coupling shaft or the aVF guide coupling shaft; used for measuring the corresponding electrocardio vector on the limb lead shaft. The measurement scale 20 at the reverse side can correspondingly rotate to a V1 guide shaft, a V2 guide shaft, a V3 guide shaft, a V4 guide shaft, a V5 guide shaft or a V6 guide shaft, and is used for measuring the corresponding electrocardiogram vector on the chest guide shaft.
When a plurality of measurement scales 20 are provided, the measurement scales 20 may correspond to the lead axes in the lead coordinate system one by one, or one measurement scale 20 may correspond to a plurality of lead axes. Preferably, 12 measurement scales 20 are provided, and 6 measurement scales 20 are provided on the front surface of the lead mark plate 10, corresponding to the first lead coupling, the second lead coupling, the third lead coupling, the aVR lead coupling, the aVL lead coupling, and the aVF lead coupling, respectively. The other 6 measuring scales 20 are arranged on the reverse side of the lead marking plate 10 and respectively correspond to a V1 guide shaft, a V2 guide shaft, a V3 guide shaft, a V4 guide shaft, a V5 guide shaft and a V6 guide shaft.
When the measuring scale 20 is fixedly connected with the lead marking disc 10, the measuring scale 20 corresponds to the lead shaft in the lead coordinate system one by one, 12 measuring scales 20 are arranged, and 6 measuring scales 20 are arranged on the front surface of the lead marking disc 10 and respectively correspond to the first lead shaft, the second lead shaft, the third lead shaft, the aVR lead shaft, the aVL lead shaft and the aVF lead shaft. The other 6 measuring scales 20 are arranged on the reverse side of the lead marking plate 10 and respectively correspond to a V1 guide shaft, a V2 guide shaft, a V3 guide shaft, a V4 guide shaft, a V5 guide shaft and a V6 guide shaft.
Preferably, when the measuring scale 20 is movably connected to the lead mark plate 10 and a plurality of measuring scales 20 are provided, the plurality of measuring scales 20 can be aligned and gathered. When a plurality of measuring scales 20 are provided, a fixed shaft may be provided at a central point of the lead mark plate 10, and a rotary hole adapted to the fixed shaft may be provided on the measuring scale 20. The plurality of measuring scales 20 can be sequentially sleeved on the fixed shaft from top to bottom.
Preferably, the measuring scale 20 and the fixing shaft are in transition fit, the transition fit tolerance is preferably H6/k5, when no external force exists, the measuring scale 20 and the fixing shaft have certain friction force to avoid rotation of the measuring scale 20, and when certain external force exists, the measuring scale 20 can rotate relative to the fixing shaft through the external force. Therefore, the electrocardio vector can be conveniently measured, and the use is convenient. And the plurality of measuring scales 20 can be aligned and gathered conveniently, and the carrying and the storage are convenient.
Therefore, the invention discloses an instrument for measuring the cardiac vector of the heart model. The lead mark disc 10 and the measuring scale 20 are included, so that the structure is simple, light and convenient, and the cost is low. The measuring direction can be changed at any time according to the change of the heart structure and the starting point of the depolarization current, and the use is flexible. Is convenient for use, carrying and storage.
The instrument for measuring the cardiac vector of the heart model can be matched with the existing heart model for use. For ease of teaching, the teaching is preferably performed in conjunction with a heart model 30 as described below.
Fig. 7-13 show an embodiment of a heart model 30, comprising: a great cardiac vessel portion 301, a left atrium portion 302, a right atrium portion 303, a left ventricle portion 304, a right ventricle portion 305, an inter-ventricular portion 306, and a lower ventricular portion 307; the heart great vessel part 301 is detachably connected with a left atrium part 302, a right atrium part 303, a left ventricle part 304, a right ventricle part 305, an inter-ventricular part 306 and a ventricular lower part 307 respectively; the left atrium part 302 is arranged at the upper left part of the great cardiac blood vessel part 301 and forms the left atrium by enclosing with the great cardiac blood vessel part 301; the right atrium part 303 is arranged at the right upper part of the great cardiac blood vessel part 301 and is enclosed with the great cardiac blood vessel part 301 to form a right atrium; a left ventricle portion 304 is disposed in the lower left portion of the great cardiac vessel portion 301, a right ventricle portion 305 is disposed in the lower right portion of the great cardiac vessel portion 301, an interventricular portion 306 is disposed in the lower middle portion of the great cardiac vessel portion 301, and a ventricular lower portion 307 is disposed in the lower portions of the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, and the interventricular portion 306; the left ventricle portion 304 surrounds the great cardiac vessel portion 301, the intermediate portion 306, and the ventricular lower portion 307 to form a left ventricle, and the great cardiac vessel portion 301, the right ventricle portion 305 surrounds the intermediate portion 306 and the ventricular lower portion 307 to form a right ventricle.
The heart model 30 is divided into seven parts, namely a heart great vessel part 301, a left atrium part 302, a right atrium part 303, a left ventricle part 304, a right ventricle part 305, an inter-ventricular part 306 and a ventricular lower part 307. When the heart model 30 is properly divided and combined together, each part of the heart can be observed conveniently, one part or a plurality of parts can be disassembled to observe the internal structure of the heart, and after the disassembly, the different parts can be explained separately, which is beneficial to teaching and understanding of electrocardiogram.
Further, the great cardiac vessel portion 301 is detachably connected to the left atrium portion 302, the right atrium portion 303, the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, the inter-chamber portion 306, and the ventricular lower portion 307 by means of a snap. For example, when the heart great vessel portion 301 is connected by the snap, a plurality of concave snap holes may be provided at the connection position on the heart great vessel portion 301, a plurality of protruding snaps may be provided at the connection position on the left atrium portion 302, the snap holes and the snaps may be fitted to each other to form a transition fit, and the heart great vessel portion 301 and the left atrium portion 302 may be connected by the fit of the snaps and the snap holes. The same arrangement can be made for the connection of the other portions.
Further, the great cardiac vessel portion 301 is detachably connected to the left atrium portion 302, the right atrium portion 303, the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, the inter-chamber portion 306, and the lower ventricle portion 307, respectively, via a magnet. For example, when the magnet connection is performed, a plurality of first magnets flush with the heart great vessel portion 301 may be provided at the connection point, a plurality of second magnets flush with the heart left atrium portion 302 may be provided at the connection point, the first magnets and the second magnets attract each other, and the heart great vessel portion 301 and the heart left atrium portion 302 may be connected by the first magnets and the second magnets. The same arrangement can be made for the connection of the other portions.
Can also use buckle and magnet realization detachable connection simultaneously.
To further facilitate a clearer explanation of the cardiac current at each site. In the invention, the left atrium is positioned in the left direction, and the right atrium is positioned in the right direction based on the position direction of the heart in the human body. The left-right direction as viewed in the drawing of the heart model 30 is not taken as a reference. Preferably, the left atrium portion 302, the right atrium portion 303, the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, the inter-chamber portion 306, and the ventricular lower portion 307 are provided with a depolarizing current marker corresponding thereto, respectively. The left atrium 302 is externally provided with a left atrium depolarizing current marker 3021 which is oriented to the left and the lower back; a right atrium depolarizing current mark 3031 is arranged outside the right atrium portion 303 and faces downwards; a left ventricle depolarization current mark 3041 in the left-front-lower direction is arranged outside the left ventricle portion 304; a right ventricular depolarization current marker 3051 is arranged outside the right ventricle portion 305 and oriented to the right lower front; a left compartment depolarization current mark 3061 oriented to the lower right front is arranged at the left side of the compartment 306, and a right compartment depolarization current mark 3062 oriented to the lower right front is arranged at the right side of the compartment 306; the left side of the ventricular lower portion 307 is provided with a left ventricular lower portion 307 depolarization current marker 3071 oriented upward to the left, and the right side of the ventricular lower portion 307 is provided with a right ventricular lower portion depolarization current marker 3072 oriented upward to the right.
When the depolarization current flag on the heart model 30 is measured by the lead label disk 10, the heart model 30 is placed in a state corresponding to a state in the human body under normal conditions. For example, when measuring the limb lead axis, the II lead axis corresponds to the left ventricle, and the III lead axis corresponds to the right ventricle. After the two positions are fixed, other positions are also fixed. Therefore, the normal electrocardiogram can be explained. When the position of the heart model 30 is changed, the depolarizing current mark on the heart model is changed, the depolarizing current measured by the measuring scale 20 is also changed, and the corresponding abnormal electrocardiogram is not normal, so that the position change of the heart model 30 can be estimated through the abnormal electrocardiogram, and further the heart disease corresponding to the electrocardiogram can be explained.
The depolarizing current indicator may be a line segment with directional arrows. Preferably, the depolarizing current is identified as a plurality of line segments having directional arrows. A plurality of line segments with directional arrows can cover corresponding positions, so that the depolarizing current identification can be observed more clearly. The depolarized current mark is used for marking the direction, and the scale on the measuring scale is used for measuring the size of the depolarized current mark, namely the electrocardiogram vector of the heart model.
Preferably, the great cardiac vessel portion 301 includes an aorta 3011, a pulmonary artery 3012 and a pulmonary vein 3013; the aorta 3011 is located at the upper part of the great cardiac vessel portion 301, and the pulmonary artery 3012 and the pulmonary vein 3013 are located at the lower side of the aorta 3011. The left atrium portion 302, the right atrium portion 303, the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, the inter-ventricular portion 306, and the lower ventricular portion 307 are supported by the great cardiac vessel portion 301, and the attachment and detachment thereof are facilitated.
The heart model 30 is made of plastic, glass, rubber or metal. Preferably a rubber material.
The heart model 30 may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and preferably, the heart model 30 is transparent. Therefore, the internal part of the heart model 30 can be observed conveniently, and the indication of the depolarization current in the internal part of the heart model 30 can be observed without disassembly.
Preferably, the colors of the great cardiac vessel portion 301, the left atrium portion 302, the right atrium portion 303, the left ventricle portion 304, the right ventricle portion 305, the inter-chamber portion 306, and the lower ventricle portion 307 are different from each other. Independent parts are displayed through different colors, so that each part of the heart model 30 can be clearly and visually displayed, and teaching and understanding of the electrocardiogram are facilitated.
In conclusion, the instrument for measuring the cardiac vector of the heart model is matched with the heart model, and the lead marking disc and the measuring scale 20 have the advantages of simple and portable structure and lower cost. The device can be used as the frontal plane and the horizontal plane, does not need to provide a special horizontal plane or frontal plane additionally, is not influenced by ambient light and projection, can change the measuring direction at any time according to the change of the heart structure and the starting point of the depolarization current, and is flexible to use. Is convenient for use, carrying and storage. When the heart model is properly divided and combined together, each part of the heart can be conveniently observed, one part or a plurality of parts can be disassembled to observe the internal structure of the heart, and the different parts can be conveniently and independently explained after the disassembly. When the electrocardiogram signal generator is matched with the lead marking disc and the measuring scale 20 for use, the heart model which is combined together can be measured through the lead marking disc and the measuring scale 20, the heart model can be disassembled, the depolarization currents of the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part, the inter-ventricular part or the lower part of the ventricle can be explained independently, students can conveniently and efficiently learn and understand the heart structure corresponding to the electrocardiogram and the principle of the electrocardiogram, and the electrocardiogram signal generator is beneficial to teaching and understanding the electrocardiogram.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A heart model, comprising: a great cardiac vessel portion, a left atrium portion, a right atrium portion, a left ventricle portion, a right ventricle portion, an inter-chamber portion, and a lower ventricle portion; the heart great vessel part is respectively detachably connected with the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricular part, the right ventricular part, the inter-ventricular part and the lower part of the ventricle;
the left atrium part is arranged at the upper left part of the heart great vessel part and forms a left atrium by enclosing with the heart great vessel part; the right atrium part is arranged at the right upper part of the heart great vessel part and is encircled with the heart great vessel part to form a right atrium; the left ventricle portion is arranged at the lower left part of the great cardiac vessel portion, the right ventricle portion is arranged at the lower right part of the great cardiac vessel portion, the inter-chamber portion is arranged at the lower middle part of the great cardiac vessel portion, and the lower ventricle portions are arranged at the lower parts of the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion and the inter-chamber portion; the left ventricle portion, the great cardiac vessel portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the ventricle are encircled to form a left ventricle, and the great cardiac vessel portion, the right ventricle portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the ventricle are encircled to form a right ventricle.
2. The heart model according to claim 1, wherein the left atrium part, the right atrium part, the left ventricle part, the right ventricle part, the inter-ventricular part and the lower part of the ventricle are respectively provided with a depolarizing current mark corresponding thereto;
a left atrium depolarizing current mark is arranged outside the left atrium part and is in the left-rear-lower direction;
a right atrium depolarization current mark in a downward direction is arranged outside the right atrium part;
the outer part of the left ventricle part is provided with a left ventricle depolarization current mark which is downward and forward leftwards;
a right ventricle bioelectricity flow removing marker which is directed towards the right lower front is arranged outside the right ventricle part;
the left side part of the middle part is provided with a left middle part depolarization current mark which faces to the right front lower part, and the right side part of the middle part is provided with a right middle part depolarization current mark which faces to the right front lower part;
the left side part of the lower part of the ventricle is provided with a left ventricle lower part depolarization current mark with the direction upward from left to back, and the right side part of the lower part of the ventricle is provided with a right ventricle lower part depolarization current mark with the direction upward from right to back.
3. The heart model of claim 2, wherein the depolarization current is identified as a plurality of line segments having directional arrows.
4. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the great cardiac vessel portion comprises an aorta, a pulmonary artery, and a pulmonary vein; the aorta is located at the upper part of the great vessels part of the heart, and the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein are located at the lower side of the aorta.
5. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the heart model is made of plastic, glass, rubber, or metal.
6. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the heart model is transparent.
7. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the great cardiac vessel portion is detachably connected to the left atrium portion, the right atrium portion, the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-ventricular portion, and the lower portion of the ventricle by means of a snap.
8. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the great cardiac vessel portion is detachably connected to the left atrium portion, the right atrium portion, the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-ventricular portion, and the lower part of the ventricle by a magnet, respectively.
9. The heart model of claim 1, wherein the colors of the great cardiac vessel portion, the left atrium portion, the right atrium portion, the left ventricle portion, the right ventricle portion, the inter-chamber portion, and the lower portion of the ventricle are different from each other.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210688644.9A CN115035778B (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | Heart model |
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| CN202210688644.9A CN115035778B (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-17 | Heart model |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203397595U (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2014-01-15 | 郑炜平 | Heart model with detachable left and right ventricles |
| CN109377845A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 赵修茂 | Electrocardiogram teaching appliance |
| CN109686213A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-26 | 陈琼 | A kind of detachable teaching displaying cardiac module |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203397595U (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2014-01-15 | 郑炜平 | Heart model with detachable left and right ventricles |
| CN109377845A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 赵修茂 | Electrocardiogram teaching appliance |
| CN109686213A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-26 | 陈琼 | A kind of detachable teaching displaying cardiac module |
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| CN115035778B (en) | 2024-10-18 |
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