CN100449209C - Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace - Google Patents
Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN100449209C CN100449209C CNB2007100206220A CN200710020622A CN100449209C CN 100449209 C CN100449209 C CN 100449209C CN B2007100206220 A CNB2007100206220 A CN B2007100206220A CN 200710020622 A CN200710020622 A CN 200710020622A CN 100449209 C CN100449209 C CN 100449209C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an internal combustion heated biomass gasification furnace. Its structure is characterized by that it adopts a cylindrical furnace body, in the furnace body interior a coiled internal combustion pipe is set, the internal combustion pipe inlet is positioned in the lower portion of said cylindrical furnace body, and its outlet is extended to the exterior of furnace body from the top portion of cylindrical furnace body, its igniter is positioned in the internal combustion pipe inlet; over the cylindrical furnace body a helical feeding mechanism is set, its helical feeding hole is positioned on the eccentric position of cylindrical furnace body top portion, on the centre axis position of said cylindrical furnace body a stirring shaft with stirring blades is set, on the inside wall of cylindrical furnace body several layers of baffle plates are set, the combustion-supporting air inlet is set in the top portion of said cylindrical furnace body, and the gas outlet in the furnace body is positioned in the lower portion of said furnace body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gasification installation, more specifically saying so with living beings is the gasification furnace of raw material.
Background technology
Living beings are a kind of regenerative resources, and reserves are abundant, and using energy source as an alternative can realize C0
2Zero-emission, and wherein S, N content are low, alleviate greenhouse effects and environmental pollution greatly.
At present, the problem one that biomass gasification technology and combustion gas utilize process mainly to exist is that fuel gases calorific value is lower, owing to directly introduce more air in the biomass gasification process, causes that nitrogen content is above 55% in the combustion gas, and the calorific value of combustion gas generally is lower than 7000KJ/kg; The 2nd, the tar that gasification produces is more, because gasification is introduced more cold air, temperature is not high enough in the gasification furnace, causes tar yield higher, not only influence the operate as normal of gasification furnace and conveying, storage and the utilization of combustion gas, and waste a large amount of energy and resource; The 3rd, tailings carbon residue content is still higher behind the biomass cracking, not only handles and the cost of disposal height, and causes the wasting of resources.
At the problem that contains more tar in the combustion gas, present solution has two kinds: the one, and washing is handled, tar in the combustion gas transferred in the aqueous solution go, though this method is simple, gas-purification efficient is also higher, but can produce and contain tar and waste water in a large number, such wastewater treatment difficulty is big, cost is high, causes secondary pollution, and can influence the efficient running of gasification system, finally cause the combustion gas cost higher, be unfavorable for the utilization and the popularization of biomass energy; The 2nd, catalytic pyrolysis under the effect of catalyst, for low molecule combustion gas, has not only solved coke tar cracking the harm problem of tar, and can improve fuel gases calorific value, does not produce secondary pollution.
The catalytic pyrolysis of tar, processing cost is low, non-secondary pollution, can improve living beings gasification rate and fuel gases calorific value, becomes to solve the prefered method that has the tar problem in the combustion gas.But present catalytic cracking of tar technology still exists, and goudron lysis rate is low, cracker is complicated, cracking system itself easily adheres to deficiencies such as tar, and practical effect is relatively poor.The catalytic pyrolysis efficient of tar is relevant with temperature, and temperature is high more, and lysis efficiency is high more, and present catalytic pyrolysis mode or be that cold beds is passed through in combustion gas, catalytic pyrolysis efficient is low, or is the temperature that improves beds by outer heating, and energy consumption increases.As Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1667086A, authorizing open day is on September 14th, 2005, name is called " purifying system for biomass gasifying oven ", disclose that " a kind of purifying system for biomass gasifying oven, the main points of its technical scheme are: purifying system for biomass gasifying oven is made up of the collecting pit of catalyst converter, catalyst, labyrinth type gas storage holder, adsorption filter, absorption filter agent, useless tar and waste water." though this invention has gas-purification effect preferably; extremely low to the catalytic pyrolysis efficient of tar because catalyst is cold, follow-up labyrinth type gas storage holder and adsorption filter also are the sticky nature of utilizing behind the tar condensing; the tar in the combustion gas is held back, reached the purpose of gas-purification.Therefore, this cleaning system is not an imflammable gas with catalytic cracking of tar really, so can not improve fuel gases calorific value; The tar of condensation will soon stop up the pipeline of cleaning system and catalysis, adsorption bed, and system can not turn round for a long time; Purification process contains tar and waste water with generation, and difficult treatment easily causes secondary pollution.Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1664066A and for example, authorizing open day is on September 7th, 2005, name is called " combined biomass vaporization furnace and thermal cracker ", disclose that " a kind of combined biomass vaporization furnace and thermal cracker, the main points of its technical scheme are: be made up of two biomass gasifying furnaces, quadruplet U type catalyst converter, catalyst, air blast and blast regulator." though this invention improved the temperature of beds, improved goudron lysis rate, a large amount of cold air have influenced the catalytic pyrolysis effect of tar by beds; The combustion gas that contains tar can produce tar condensing and adhere to by air blast, influences air blast and runs well; Cold air directly enters gasification furnace, makes combustion zone temperature not high, and pyrolysis gas is not through Pintsch process, and tar yield is higher; Device is complicated, and practicality is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point, a kind of internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace is provided, the one, and be the productive rate that improves calorific value, reduces tar; The 2nd, by tar is carried out catalytic pyrolysis, further improve living beings gasification rate and fuel gases calorific value, avoid secondary pollution; The 3rd, improve the interest rate that utilizes of tailings carbon residue, avoid the generation of secondary sewage.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace of the present invention, its design feature is:
Adopt cylindric body of heater, in the inside of described cylindric body of heater, snakelike internal combustion pipeline is set, the inlet of described snakelike internal combustion pipeline is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater, its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater, and igniter is positioned at the entry position of internal combustion pipeline;
Above cylindric body of heater, the feed screw structure is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the eccentric position at cylindric body of heater top, on the middle shaft position of cylindric body of heater, be provided with the shaft of stirring vane, on the madial wall of cylindric body of heater, be along the periphery of its sidewall the multilayer baffle plate is set;
The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater, and the gas outlet in the body of heater is positioned at the body of heater below.
The design feature of internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace of the present invention also is:
Undertake the taper furnace bottom in the bottom of cylindric body of heater, in the taper furnace bottom atomizer is set, slag-drip opening is positioned at awl end mouth, and the spiral tapping machine structure is set on slag-drip opening.
Cylindric side wall of furnace is set to jacket structured, and described chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall, blast tube, beds, heat-insulation layer and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: be positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, the cowling panel of mouth is an inlet at the bottom of blast tube is guided on the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into, the top exit of blast tube leads to its peripheral beds by top filter screen 31, the combustion gas delivery outlet is positioned at the bottom of beds, and stove is connected outward that gas pipeline is connected to gas storage holder by air-introduced machine on the combustion gas delivery outlet.
The fuel gas return-flow branch road is set on gas pipeline, is the air supply pipe of snakelike internal combustion pipeline with the fuel gas return-flow branch road.
On the gas pipeline of combustion gas delivery outlet position, heat exchanger is set, atomizer be with come automatic heat-exchanger in water-supply-pipe communicate.
Top and bottom at beds are provided with top inlet and outlet at bottom respectively.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention adopts the internal combustion heating, and the air outlet of combustion tube drawn in the body of heater outside, this version has effectively avoided the airborne nitrogen after the burning to sneak in the stove when improving fire box temperature and biomass pyrolytic efficient, has improved living beings gasification rate and fuel gases calorific value greatly;
2, the mode of internal combustion heating of the present invention can keep higher fire box temperature, thereby improves living beings gasification efficient, reduces tar yield, gas-purification difficulty greatly and purifies cost;
3, the present invention is provided with baffle plate and mixer, and biomass material is evenly distributed in burner hearth, increases living beings gasification time and gasification efficiency;
4, the present invention adopts spiral input and output material system, and running is convenient, stable, can move continuously;
5, required combustion air is introduced from the upper end in the burner hearth of the present invention, does not influence the burner hearth middle and lower part and keeps high temperature, plays the reduction tar yield equally, improves the effect of living beings gasification rate and fuel gases calorific value;
6, the present invention makes steam and high temperature carbon residue generation water gas reaction by adopt the atomizing humidification in the burner hearth bottom high-temperature region, produces combustible gas, can effectively improve resource utilization, reduces lime-ash output and intractability, saves operating cost;
7, the present invention is set to jacket structured by sidewall of the furnace body, beds is close to high temperature resistant furnace wall, make beds remain higher temperature, the combustion gas of the heat after the cracking directly enters beds, guaranteed very high catalytic cracking of tar efficient, guarantee that coke tar cracking is a fuel gas, can not cause the tar of fuel gas transportation pipeline system to adhere to obstruction;
8, the present invention is to be fuel with the furnace high-temperature combustion gas that refluxes in the ducted burning of internal combustion, is beneficial to the raising of temperature in the stove and cuts down the consumption of energy;
9, the present invention utilizes humidification water in the high-temperature fuel gas preheating furnace, and energy savings reduces the influence to fire box temperature;
10, the present invention finishes the pyrolytic gasification of living beings and gas-purification in a stove, and operation and maintenance simple and convenient management, production and operating cost are low, rate of gasification and goudron lysis rate height;
11, apparatus of the present invention compact conformation, the columnar structured requirement that has reduced the strength of materials is more flexible on the selection rapidoprint.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an internal structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1 body of heater, 2 internal combustion pipelines, 3 igniters, 4 feed screw structures, 5 stirring vanes, 6 shafts, 7 baffle plates, 8 air quantity flowmeters, 9 gas outlets, 10 taper furnace bottoms, 11 atomizers, 12 slag-drip openings, 13 high temperature resistant furnace walls, 14 blast tubes, 15 beds, 16 heat-insulation layers, 17 cowling panels, 18 gas pipelines, 19 air-introduced machines, 20 fuel gas return-flow branch roads, 21 heat exchangers, 22 catalyst tops inlet, 23 catalyst outlet at bottoms, 24 spiral tapping machine structures, 25 air exhausters, 26 feed hoppers, 27 through volume damper, 28 gas quantity control valves, 29 air control valves, 30 mass air flow sensor, 31 filter screens.
Below pass through the specific embodiment, and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, present embodiment adopts cylindric body of heater 1, inside at cylindric body of heater 1, snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 is set, the inlet of snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater 1, its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater 1, and igniter 3 is positioned at the entry position of internal combustion pipeline 2;
Above cylindric body of heater 1, feed screw structure 4 is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the top eccentric position of cylindric body of heater 1, on the middle shaft position of cylindric body of heater 1, be provided with the shaft 6 of stirring vane 5, on the madial wall of cylindric body of heater 1, be along the periphery of its sidewall multilayer baffle plate 7 is set;
The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater 1, and the gas outlet 9 in the body of heater is positioned at the below of cylindric body of heater 1.
Undertake taper furnace bottom 10 in the bottom of cylindric body of heater 1, atomizer 11 is set in taper furnace bottom 10, slag-drip opening 12 is positioned at awl end mouth, and spiral tapping machine structure 24 is set on slag-drip opening 12.
In the present embodiment, the pyrolytic gasification of living beings is set and gas-purification is integrated finishes, it is jacket structured specifically to be that the sidewall of cylindric body of heater 1 is set to, and chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall 13, blast tube 14, beds 15, heat-insulation layer 16 and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: with the cowling panel 17 that is positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, guides 14 end of blast tube mouth along the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into is inlet, the top exit of blast tube 14 leads to its peripheral beds 15 by top filter screen 31, the combustion gas delivery outlet is positioned at the bottom of beds 15, and stove is connected outward that gas pipeline 18 is connected to gas storage holder by air-introduced machine 19 on the combustion gas delivery outlet.
Concrete enforcement also comprises:
Fuel gas return-flow branch road 20 is set on gas pipeline 18, is the air supply pipe of snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 with fuel gas return-flow branch road 20, and the supply of high-temperature fuel gas helps improving temperature in the stove, and cuts down the consumption of energy.
On the gas pipeline 18 of combustion gas delivery outlet position, heat exchanger 21 is set, atomizer 11 be with come automatic heat-exchanger 21 in water-supply-pipe communicate, water in the atomizer 11 is by heat exchanger 21 time, carry out heat exchange with high-temperature fuel gas, obtain temperature rise, help keeping temperature in the stove, improve gasification result.
For the ease of the periodic replacement of catalyst, catalyst top inlet 22 and catalyst outlet at bottom 23 are set respectively in the top and the bottom of beds 15.
Present embodiment has provided the integration apparatus of biomass pyrogenation gasification and gas-purification, and it is simple in structure, the processing and fabricating cost is cheap, operation and management maintenance are easy; The internal combustion type heating greatly reduces the nitrogen content in the combustion gas, and fuel gases calorific value improves 2～3 times than existing equipment; Can keep very high fire box temperature, reduce tar yield, improve living beings gasification rate; The gas-purification process is carried out under hot conditions all the time, catalytic cracking of tar rate height, good purification; Adopt the atomizing humidifying technology, utilize water gas reaction to improve rate of gasification, reduce remaining carbon.Be applicable to various biomass materials, produce the high heating value combustion gas, can be for uses such as villages and small towns, family, kind plant, hotel, bathroom, office and industrial enterprise.
In the course of work, biomass material is evenly sent into burner hearth by feed hopper 26 through feed screw structure 4, and under the effect of material baffle 7 and stirring vane 5, material slowly passes through burner hearth; Combustion air is introduced from the combustion air inlet that is positioned at the body of heater top through volume damper 27 and air quantity flowmeter 8; Combustion gas enters blast tube 14 after the cracking after cowling panel 17 separates lime-ash, enter beds 15 by top filter screen 31 again, because the temperature of combustion gas is very high, so can be, light in passage 14 and the top filter screen 31 to form and adhere at cowling panel 17, at last, under the suction of air-introduced machine 19, combustion gas is taken advantage of a situation in beds 15 down, draw in the bottom of beds 15 through behind the catalytic pyrolysis, and send into gas storage holder.Because the temperature of beds 15 and combustion gas is all very high, the tar in the combustion gas is greatly enhanced through the efficient that catalytic pyrolysis is converted into combustible gas.
The part high-temperature fuel gas enters in the snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 through 28 backflows of gas quantity control valve in fuel gas return-flow branch road 20, combustion air is introduced from air control valve 29 and mass air flow sensor 30 in the pipe, by igniter 3 ignition, high-temperature gas after the burning internal combustion pipeline 2 of flowing through, waste gas is discharged body of heater by air exhauster 25 air inducing.The mode of this internal combustion heating makes keeps very high temperature in the burner hearth, greatly reduce tar yield, has improved living beings gasification rate, and has effectively avoided a large amount of nitrogen to sneak in the combustion gas, has greatly improved fuel gases calorific value.
Produce superheated vapor by atomizer 11, carbonaceous residues after the living beings gasification further produces combustible gas in burner hearth high-temperature region and atomized steam generation water gas reaction, has improved living beings gasification rate, reduced the grey quantity of slag and disposal of ash and slag cost, a small amount of lime-ash is discharged by spiral tapping machine structure 24.
In concrete the enforcement, catalyst can adopt commercially available detar catalyst such as dolomite particles, Concave-convex clay rod catalyst, year nickel activated alumina Ni-Al2O3.
Claims (6)
1, internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace is characterized in that:
Adopt cylindric body of heater (1), inside at described cylindric body of heater (1), snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) is set, the inlet of described snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater (1), its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater (1), and igniter (3) is positioned at the entry position of snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2);
Top at described cylindric body of heater (1), feed screw structure (4) is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the top eccentric position of cylindric body of heater (1), on the middle shaft position of described cylindric body of heater (1), be provided with the shaft (6) of stirring vane (5), on the madial wall of cylindric body of heater (1), multilayer baffle plate (7) is set along the periphery of described madial wall;
The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater (1), and the gas outlet in the body of heater (9) is positioned at the below of cylindric body of heater (1).
2, according to the described internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that undertaking taper furnace bottom (10) in the bottom of described cylindric body of heater (1), atomizer (11) is set in taper furnace bottom (10), slag-drip opening (12) is positioned at awl end mouth, and spiral tapping machine structure (24) is set on described slag-drip opening (12).
3, internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace according to claim 2, the sidewall that it is characterized in that described cylindric body of heater (1) is set to jacket structured, and described chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall (13), blast tube (14), beds (15), heat-insulation layer (16) and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: with the cowling panel (17) that is positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, guides blast tube (14) end mouth along the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into is inlet, the top exit of blast tube (14) leads to the peripheral beds (15) of blast tube (14) by top filter screen (31), the combustion gas delivery outlet is positioned at the bottom of beds (15), and the gas pipeline (18) that stove is connected outward on the combustion gas delivery outlet is connected to gas storage holder by air-introduced machine (19).
4, internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that fuel gas return-flow branch road (20) is set on described gas pipeline (18), is the air supply pipe of snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) with described fuel gas return-flow branch road (20).
5, internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3, it is characterized in that on the gas pipeline (18) of described combustion gas delivery outlet position, heat exchanger (21) being set, described atomizer (11) be with come automatic heat-exchanger (21) in water-supply-pipe communicate.
6, internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that in the top and the bottom of described beds (15) catalyst top inlet (22) and catalyst outlet at bottom (23) being set respectively.
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| CNB2007100206220A CN100449209C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace |
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| CNB2007100206220A CN100449209C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Internal-combustion heating type biomass gasification furnace |
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| CN100449209C true CN100449209C (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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