CN100564485C - Catalytic cracker of biomass tar - Google Patents
Catalytic cracker of biomass tar Download PDFInfo
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- CN100564485C CN100564485C CNB2007100206235A CN200710020623A CN100564485C CN 100564485 C CN100564485 C CN 100564485C CN B2007100206235 A CNB2007100206235 A CN B2007100206235A CN 200710020623 A CN200710020623 A CN 200710020623A CN 100564485 C CN100564485 C CN 100564485C
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Abstract
Catalytic cracker of biomass tar, it is characterized in that adopting the bottom accepting the cylindric body of heater of taper furnace bottom, cylindric side wall of furnace is set to jacket structured, and chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall, blast tube, beds, thermal insulation layer and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: be positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, the cowling panel of mouth is an inlet at the bottom of blast tube is guided on the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into, the blast tube top exit leads to beds by the top filter screen, the combustion gas delivery port is positioned at the bottom of beds, and stove is connected outward that gas pipe line is connected to gas storage holder by induced draft fan on the combustion gas delivery port.The present invention makes beds remain higher temperature, and the high-temperature fuel gas after the cracking directly enters beds, and catalytic cracking of tar efficient height has effectively avoided the tar of fuel gas transportation pipeline system to adhere to obstruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalytic cracker of biomass tar.
Background technology
Biomass are a kind of renewable energy sources, and reserves are abundant, and energy utilization as an alternative can realize CO
2Zero release, and wherein S, N content are low, alleviate Greenhouse effect and environmental pollution greatly.
The problem that contains more tar in the combustion gas at gasifying biomass formation, present solution has two kinds: the one, and washing is handled, tar in the combustion gas transferred in the aqueous solution go, though this method is simple, gas-purification efficient is also higher, but can produce and contain tar and waste water in a large number, such wastewater treatment difficulty is big, cost is high, causes secondary pollution, and can influence the high-efficient operation of gasification system, finally cause the combustion gas cost higher, be unfavorable for the utilization and the popularization of biomass energy; The 2nd, catalytic pyrolysis under the effect of catalyzer, for low molecule combustion gas, has not only solved coke tar cracking the harm problem of tar, and can improve fuel gases calorific value, does not produce secondary pollution.
The catalytic pyrolysis of tar, processing cost is low, non-secondary pollution, can improve gasifying biomass rate and fuel gases calorific value, becomes to solve the prefered method that has the tar problem in the combustion gas.But present catalytic cracking of tar technology still exists, and goudron lysis rate is low, cracker is complicated, cracking system itself easily adheres to deficiencies such as tar, and practical effect is relatively poor.The catalytic pyrolysis efficient of tar is relevant with temperature, and temperature is high more, and lysis efficiency is high more, and present catalytic pyrolysis mode or be the logical supercooled beds of combustion gas, catalytic pyrolysis efficient is low, or is the temperature that improves beds by outer heating, and energy consumption increases.As Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1667086A, authorizing open day is on September 14th, 2005, name is called " purifying system for biomass gasifying oven ", disclose that " a kind of purifying system for biomass gasifying oven, the main points of its technical scheme are: purifying system for biomass gasifying oven is made up of the collecting tank of catalyst converter, catalyzer, labyrinth type gas storage holder, adsorption filter, absorption filter agent, useless tar and waste water." though this invention has gas-purification effect preferably; extremely low to the catalytic pyrolysis efficient of tar because catalyzer is cold, follow-up labyrinth type gas storage holder and adsorption filter also are the sticky nature of utilizing behind the tar condensing; the tar in the combustion gas is held back, reached the purpose of gas-purification.Therefore, this purification system is not an inflammable gas with catalytic cracking of tar really, so can not improve fuel gases calorific value; The tar of condensation will soon stop up the pipeline of purification system and catalysis, adsorption bed, and system can not turn round for a long time; Scavenging process contains tar and waste water with generation, and difficult treatment easily causes secondary pollution.Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1664066A and for example, authorizing open day is on September 7th, 2005, name is called " combined biomass vaporization furnace and thermal cracker ", disclose that " a kind of combined biomass vaporization furnace and thermal cracker, the main points of its technical scheme are: be made up of two biomass gasifying furnaces, quadruplet U type catalyst converter, catalyzer, gas blower and blast regulator." though this invention improved the temperature of beds, improved goudron lysis rate, a large amount of cold air have influenced the catalytic pyrolysis effect of tar by beds; The combustion gas that contains tar can produce tar condensing and adhere to by gas blower, influences gas blower and runs well; Freezing air directly enters vapourizing furnace, makes combustion zone temperature not high, and pyrolysis gas is not through Pintsch process, and tar yield is higher; Device is complicated, and practicality is relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point, a kind of catalytic cracker of biomass tar is provided, by tar is carried out catalytic pyrolysis efficiently, further improve gasifying biomass rate and fuel gases calorific value, avoiding secondary pollution.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
The constructional feature of catalytic cracker of biomass tar of the present invention is to adopt the bottom accepting the cylindric body of heater of taper furnace bottom, cylindric side wall of furnace is set to jacket structured, and chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall, blast tube, beds, thermal insulation layer and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: be positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, the cowling panel of mouth is an inlet at the bottom of blast tube is guided on the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into, the top exit of blast tube leads to its peripheral beds by the top filter screen, the combustion gas delivery port is positioned at the bottom of beds, and stove is connected outward that gas pipe line is connected to gas storage holder by induced draft fan on the combustion gas delivery port.
Constructional feature of the present invention also is: the internal-combustion heating type body of heater is set, be included in the inside of its cylindric body of heater, snakelike internal combustion pipeline is set, the inlet of snakelike internal combustion pipeline is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater, its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater, and lighter for ignition is positioned at the entry position of internal combustion pipeline; Above cylindric body of heater, the screw feeder structure is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the top eccentric position of cylindric body of heater, on the middle shaft position of cylindric body of heater, be provided with the stir shaft of agitating vane, on the inner side-wall of cylindric body of heater, the multilayer baffle plate is set along the periphery of its sidewall; The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater, and the gas outlet in the body of heater is positioned at the below of cylindric body of heater.
Constructional feature of the present invention also is to be provided with the fuel gas return-flow branch road on gas pipe line, be the air-supply duct of snakelike internal combustion pipeline with the fuel gas return-flow branch road.
In the taper furnace bottom spraying gun is set, slag-drip opening is positioned at awl end mouth, and the spiral tapping machine structure is set on slag-drip opening.
On the gas pipe line of combustion gas delivery port position, heat exchanger is set, spraying gun be with come automatic heat-exchanger in hydraulic pipe communicate.
Top and bottom at beds are provided with catalyzer top inlet and catalyzer outlet at bottom respectively.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention is set to jacket structured by sidewall of the furnace body, beds is close to high temperature resistant furnace wall, make beds remain higher temperature, high-temperature fuel gas after the cracking directly enters beds, guaranteed very high catalytic cracking of tar efficient, guarantee that coke tar cracking is an inflammable gas, effectively avoided the tar of fuel gas transportation pipeline system to adhere to obstruction;
2, the present invention is directed to body of heater and adopt the internal combustion heating, and the air outlet of incendiary pencil drawn in the body of heater outside, this structure formation is when improving fire box temperature and biomass pyrolytic efficient, effectively avoid the airborne nitrogen after the burning to sneak in the stove, improved gasifying biomass rate and fuel gases calorific value greatly;
3, the mode of body of heater internal combustion heating of the present invention can keep higher fire box temperature, thereby improves gasifying biomass efficient, reduces tar yield, gas-purification difficulty greatly and purifies cost;
4, the setting of body of heater Internal baffle of the present invention and stirrer is evenly distributed biomass material in burner hearth, increases gasifying biomass time and gasification efficiency;
5, body of heater of the present invention adopts spiral input and output material system, and running is convenient, stable, can move continuously;
6, required combustion air is introduced from the upper end in the burner hearth of the present invention, does not influence the burner hearth middle and lower part and keeps high temperature, plays the reduction tar yield equally, improves the effect of gasifying biomass rate and fuel gases calorific value;
7, the present invention makes steam and high temperature carbon residue generation water-gas reaction by adopt the atomizing humidification in the burner hearth bottom high-temperature zone, produces combustible gas, can effectively improve resource utilization, reduces lime-ash output and intractability, saves running cost;
8, the present invention is to be fuel with the furnace high-temperature combustion gas that refluxes in the ducted burning of internal combustion, is beneficial to the raising of temperature in the stove and cuts down the consumption of energy;
9, the present invention utilizes humidification water in the high-temperature fuel gas preheating oven, and save energy reduces the influence to fire box temperature;
10, the present invention can make the pyrolytic gasification of biomass and gas-purification finish in a stove, and operation and maintenance simple and convenient management, production and running cost are low, vaporization rate and goudron lysis rate height;
11, apparatus of the present invention compact construction, the columnar structured requirement that has reduced the strength of materials is more flexible on the selection work material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an internal structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1 body of heater, 2 internal combustion pipelines, 3 lighter for ignitions, 4 screw feeder structures, 5 agitating vanes, 6 stir shafts, 7 baffle plates, 8 air flowmeter, 9 gas outlets, 10 taper furnace bottoms, 11 spraying guns, 12 slag-drip openings, 13 high temperature resistant furnace walls, 14 blast tubes, 15 beds, 16 thermal insulation layers, 17 cowling panels, 18 gas pipe lines, 19 induced draft fans, 20 fuel gas return-flow branch roads, 21 heat exchangers, 22 catalyzer tops inlet, 23 catalyzer outlet at bottoms, 24 spiral tapping machine structures, 25 air exhausters, 26 hoppers, 27 volume dampers, 28 gas quantity variable valve, 29 air control valves, 30 air flowmeter, 31 filter screens.
Below pass through embodiment, and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, the gasification of biomass is set and coke tar cracking is integrated finishes.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, adopt cylindric body of heater 1, inside at cylindric body of heater 1, snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 is set, the inlet of snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater 1, its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater 1, and lighter for ignition 3 is positioned at the entry position of internal combustion pipeline 2;
Above cylindric body of heater 1, screw feeder structure 4 is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the top eccentric position of cylindric body of heater 1, on the middle shaft position of cylindric body of heater 1, be provided with the stir shaft 6 of agitating vane 5, on the inner side-wall of cylindric body of heater 1, multilayer baffle plate 7 is set along the periphery of its sidewall;
The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater 1, and the gas outlet 9 in the body of heater is positioned at the below of cylindric body of heater 1.
Undertake taper furnace bottom 10 in the bottom of cylindric body of heater 1, spraying gun 11 is set in taper furnace bottom 10, slag-drip opening 12 is positioned at awl end mouth, and spiral tapping machine structure 24 is set on slag-drip opening 12.
The sidewall of cylindric body of heater 1 is set to jacket structured, and chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall 13, blast tube 14, beds 15, thermal insulation layer 16 and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: with the cowling panel 17 that is positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, guides 14 end of blast tube mouth along the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into is inlet, the top exit of blast tube 14 leads to its peripheral beds 15 by top filter screen 31, the combustion gas delivery port is positioned at the bottom of beds 15, and stove is connected outward that gas pipe line 18 is connected to gas storage holder by induced draft fan 19 on the combustion gas delivery port.
Concrete enforcement also comprises:
Fuel gas return-flow branch road 20 is set on gas pipe line 18, is the air-supply duct of snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 with fuel gas return-flow branch road 20, and the supply of high-temperature fuel gas helps improving temperature in the stove, and cuts down the consumption of energy.
On the gas pipe line 18 of combustion gas delivery port position, heat exchanger 21 is set, spraying gun 11 be with come automatic heat-exchanger 21 in hydraulic pipe communicate, water in the spraying gun is by heat exchanger 21 time, carry out heat exchange with high-temperature fuel gas, obtain temperature rise, help keeping temperature in the stove, improve gasification result.
For the ease of the periodic replacement of catalyzer, catalyzer top inlet 22 and catalyzer outlet at bottom 23 are set respectively in the top and the bottom of beds 15.
Present embodiment can realize that the integrated of biomass pyrogenation gasification and gas-purification finish, and device structure is simple, the processing and fabricating cost is cheap, operation and management maintenance are easy.The internal combustion type heating greatly reduces the nitrogen content in the combustion gas, and fuel gases calorific value improves 2～3 times than existing installation; Can keep very high fire box temperature, reduce tar yield, improve the gasifying biomass rate.The gas-purification process is carried out under hot conditions all the time, catalytic cracking of tar rate height, good purification; Adopt the atomizing humidifying technology, utilize water-gas reaction to improve vaporization rate, reduce remaining carbon.Be applicable to various biomass materials, produce the high heating value combustion gas, can be for uses such as villages and small towns, family, kind plant, hotel, bathroom, office and industrial enterprise.
In the working process, biomass material is evenly sent into burner hearth by hopper 26 through screw feeder structure 4, and under the effect of material baffle 7 and agitating vane 5, material slowly passes through burner hearth; Combustion air is introduced from the combustion air inlet that is positioned at the body of heater top through volume damper 27 and air flowmeter 8; Combustion gas enters blast tube 14 after the cracking after cowling panel 17 separates lime-ash, enter beds 15 by top filter screen 31 again, because the temperature of combustion gas is very high, so can be, light in passage 14 and the top filter screen 31 to form and adhere at cowling panel 17, at last, under the suction of induced draft fan 19, combustion gas is taken advantage of a situation in beds 15 down, draw in the bottom of beds 15 through behind the catalytic pyrolysis, and send into gas storage holder.Because the temperature of beds 15 and combustion gas is all very high, the tar in the combustion gas is greatly enhanced through the efficient that catalytic pyrolysis is converted into combustible gas.
The part high-temperature fuel gas enters in the snakelike internal combustion pipeline 2 through 28 backflows of gas quantity variable valve in fuel gas return-flow branch road 20, combustion air is introduced from air control valve 29 and air flowmeter 30 in the pipe, by lighter for ignition 3 ignition, high-temperature gas after the burning internal combustion pipeline 2 of flowing through, waste gas is discharged body of heater by air exhauster 25 air inducing.The mode of this internal combustion heating makes keeps very high temperature in the burner hearth, greatly reduce tar yield, has improved the gasifying biomass rate, and has effectively avoided a large amount of nitrogen to sneak in the combustion gas, has greatly improved fuel gases calorific value.
Produce superheated vapor by spraying gun 11, carbonaceous residues behind the gasifying biomass further produces combustible gas in burner hearth high-temperature zone and atomized steam generation water-gas reaction, has improved the gasifying biomass rate, reduced the grey quantity of slag and disposal of ash and slag cost, a small amount of lime-ash is discharged by spiral tapping machine structure 24.
In concrete the enforcement, catalyzer can adopt commercially available detar catalyzer such as dolomite particles, attapulgite clay catalyzer, year nickel activated alumina Ni-Al2O3.
Claims (6)
1, catalytic cracker of biomass tar, it is characterized in that adopting the bottom accepting the cylindric body of heater (1) of taper furnace bottom (10), the sidewall of described cylindric body of heater (1) is set to jacket structured, and described chuck is followed successively by high temperature resistant furnace wall (13), blast tube (14), beds (15), thermal insulation layer (16) and furnace body outer wall from inside to outside; The gas channel that combustion gas is drawn in stove is: with the cowling panel (17) that is positioned at cylindric bottom of furnace body, guides blast tube (14) end mouth along the inclined-plane of taper furnace bottom into is inlet, the top exit of blast tube (14) leads to its peripheral beds (15) by top filter screen (31), the combustion gas delivery port is positioned at the bottom of beds (15), and stove is connected gas pipe line on the combustion gas delivery port (18) outward and is connected to gas storage holder by induced draft fan (19).
2, catalytic cracker of biomass tar according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with the internal-combustion heating type body of heater, comprising:
Inside at its cylindric body of heater (1), snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) is set, the inlet of described snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) is positioned at the bottom of cylindric body of heater (1), its outlet is extended to the outside of body of heater from the top of cylindric body of heater (1), and lighter for ignition (3) is positioned at the entry position of internal combustion pipeline (2);
Top at described cylindric body of heater (1), screw feeder structure (4) is set, screw feed en-trance is positioned on the top eccentric position of cylindric body of heater (1), on the middle shaft position of described cylindric body of heater (1), be provided with the stir shaft (6) of agitating vane (5), on the inner side-wall of cylindric body of heater (1), multilayer baffle plate (7) is set along the periphery of its sidewall;
The combustion air inlet is arranged on the top of cylindric body of heater (1), and the gas outlet in the body of heater (9) is positioned at the below of cylindric body of heater (1).
3, catalytic cracker of biomass tar according to claim 2 is characterized in that fuel gas return-flow branch road (20) is set on described gas pipe line (18), is the air-supply duct of snakelike internal combustion pipeline (2) with described fuel gas return-flow branch road (20).
4, catalytic cracker of biomass tar according to claim 2 is characterized in that being provided with spraying gun (11) in described taper furnace bottom (10), slag-drip opening (12) is positioned at awl end mouth, and spiral tapping machine structure (24) is set on described slag-drip opening (12).
5, catalytic cracker of biomass tar according to claim 4, it is characterized in that on the gas pipe line (18) of described combustion gas delivery port position, heat exchanger (21) being set, described spraying gun (11) be with come automatic heat-exchanger (21) in hydraulic pipe communicate.
6, catalytic cracker of biomass tar according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the top and the bottom of described beds (15) catalyzer top inlet (22) and catalyzer outlet at bottom (23) being set respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100206235A CN100564485C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Catalytic cracker of biomass tar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100206235A CN100564485C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Catalytic cracker of biomass tar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101029249A CN101029249A (en) | 2007-09-05 |
| CN100564485C true CN100564485C (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100206235A Expired - Fee Related CN100564485C (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Catalytic cracker of biomass tar |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100564485C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101717652B (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2012-11-21 | 山东理工大学 | Spiral pyrolysis reactor |
| CN106518596A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cracking apparatus for producing myrcene by cracking Beta-pinene |
| CN106701214A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 广东国能中林实业有限公司 | Micro-channel reactor suitable for biomass gas tar cracking |
| CN113025383B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-10-19 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Pyrolysis gasification tar conversion and utilization device and method |
| CN113842839B (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2024-03-01 | 唐山三友硅业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of vinyl-terminated silicone oil and reaction kettle for preparation |
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2007
- 2007-03-16 CN CNB2007100206235A patent/CN100564485C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101029249A (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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Granted publication date: 20091202 Termination date: 20120316 |