CN100448534C - 制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法 - Google Patents

制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法 Download PDF

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CN100448534C
CN100448534C CNB2003801109444A CN200380110944A CN100448534C CN 100448534 C CN100448534 C CN 100448534C CN B2003801109444 A CNB2003801109444 A CN B2003801109444A CN 200380110944 A CN200380110944 A CN 200380110944A CN 100448534 C CN100448534 C CN 100448534C
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acid
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ammonia
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帕舒帕蒂·杜塔
苏巴什·钱德拉·罗伊
希亚姆·基肖尔·罗伊
塔伦·坎蒂·戈斯瓦米
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J21/02Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04Alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/12Silica and alumina
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    • B01J27/188Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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    • B01J27/14Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/08Preparation by ring-closure
    • C07D213/09Preparation by ring-closure involving the use of ammonia, amines, amine salts, or nitriles
    • C07D213/10Preparation by ring-closure involving the use of ammonia, amines, amine salts, or nitriles from acetaldehyde or cyclic polymers thereof
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    • B01J2523/00Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts

Abstract

本发明提供了包含在载体上浸渍的杂多酸复合物、用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂及其制备方法以及其用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的用途。

Description

制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法
发明领域
本发明提供了用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂复合物。本发明还提供了合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂的制备方法。本发明还提供了用所述的新催化剂制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法。本发明发现了其在用于医药品和农用化学品的多种中间体制备中的用途。在杀虫剂的制造中,2-甲基吡啶是主要组分之一。4-甲基吡啶的主要用途是用于合成4-乙烯吡啶和抗结核药,异烟肼(Iso-Nicotinic Acid Hydrazide)(INH)。
发明背景
吡啶碱的重要商业来源是通过煤的碳化作用获得的焦油和饱和溶液。但是,在制药和农业应用中,这些产品的高质量标准不能从天然来源中,即从煤的碳化作用的副产物中得到满足。在多种合成途径中,乙醛和氨之间的反应是在用于产生吡啶碱的现有技术中公知的最普遍途径。
在众多反应中,酸用作催化剂或助催化剂。美国专利第2,186,392号揭示了在就氢而言其为阳性的脂肪族自由基的存在下,可从氨或伯胺与环氧乙烷和诸如碳酸铵的弱酸盐的反应中产生乙醇胺。德国专利第844,449(CA 48:1429c)号公开了在30℃至60℃的温度下,可从氨、伯胺或仲胺和环氧烷中产生具有羟烷基的叔胺,如果水或弱酸也存在时,则收率可能提高。英国专利第497,093,(CA 36:4131-8)号表明在水和酸的存在下,可从氧化烯烃和氨中产生单链烷醇胺(monoalkanolamines)。
目前在含多种促进剂的无定形的硅铝复合物的存在下,已经实现了在甲醇和/或甲醛不存在或存在的条件下,乙醛或某些其它低分子量的醛与氨的反应产生吡啶及其烷基衍生物。使用后者的催化剂时,所需要的产品的收率低。如Advances in Catalysis,Volume 18,page 344(1968)Academic Press,Inc.,New York,N.Y.(催化剂的进展,第18卷,第344页(1968),纽约学术出版公司,纽约)中所报导的,通过将气态的乙醛和氨经过结晶的硅铝酸盐、NaX和H-发光沸石来合成烷基吡啶。虽然使用这些材料作为催化剂的初始转化率高,但是通过焦化催化剂快速失活,这提供了由催化稳定性低表征的无商业吸引力的系统。
美国专利第4,220,783号提供了在催化剂的存在下,在有效的条件中,通过氨与羰基反应物的反应合成吡啶或烷基吡啶的方法,该羰基反应物为含2至4个碳原子的醛,含3至5个碳原子的酮或所述醛和/或酮的混合物,该催化剂包含结晶的硅铝酸盐沸石,该硅铝酸盐沸石具有至少约为12的硅铝比以及约为1至12内的约束指数(constraintindex),并从所得的反应混合物中回收,并提供了包含至少一种吡啶或烷基吡啶化合物的产品。向所述原料中加入甲醇和/或甲醛改进了对未取代吡啶的选择性。所需要的产品的收率低。因为这些途径使用有毒的ThO2和CdO,所以通过使用所述催化剂来制造吡啶碱引起环境污染。该催化剂的制备涉及制备硅铝凝胶(silica alumina gel)的繁冗方法。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的是提供了适用于将乙醛和氨转化为2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶,并避免了上述缺点的催化剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供了用于乙醛和氨的转化的稳定催化剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供具有高选择性和活性的催化剂。
发明概述
因此,本发明提供了用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂,该催化剂包含在载体上提供的杂多酸,该杂多酸选自硅钨酸、磷钨酸、磷钼酸和钒钨酸(vanadotungstic acid)。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述载体选自硅胶、氧化铝、硅石-氧化铝、粘土和蒙脱石。
本发明也提供了用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂的制备方法,该方法包括将杂多酸溶解在蒸馏水中,将所得的混合物与需要量的基料(binder)混合以获得浆液;搅拌该浆液直至完成均匀的浸渍作用;在200至250℃下,在空气中,将该浆液干燥0.5至1.5小时;在300至400℃的温度中,将该浆液进一步加热0.5至1.5小时,并在干燥器中将所得的产品冷却至室温以获得所需要的催化剂。
在本发明的一实施方案中,所述杂多酸选自硅钨酸、磷钨酸、磷钼酸和钒钨酸。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述基料选自硅石、氧化铝、硅石-氧化铝、粘土和蒙脱石。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,以0.5∶4.5(重量/重量)的比将所述杂多酸溶解于蒸馏水。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述基料包含粒度为6至14目的硅胶。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述浆液搅拌30至40分钟。
本发明还提供了制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法,该方法包括在催化剂的存在下,在加热中将乙醛和氨反应并分离所形成的2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶,该催化剂包含浸渍在载体上的杂多酸的复合物,并以5至15%重量的含量存在。
在本发明的一实施方案中,以0.8至1.2(w/w)的比例取得乙醛和氨并在300至500℃的温度中进行反应。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,所述反应是在玻璃反应器中进行。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,乙醛和氨的重时空速维持在0.1至10g/g催化剂(优选为1至3)。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶通过分馏来进行分离。
发明的详细说明
本发明提供了用于合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂,该催化剂通过将杂多酸以0.5∶4.5(w/w)的适当比例溶解在蒸馏水中来制备。所得混合物随后与需要量的诸如硅胶(具有粒度为6至14目)的基料混合,所得浆液搅拌30至40分钟以获得均匀的浸渍作用。在获得均匀的浸渍作用后,该浆液首先在200至250℃的温度在空气中干燥0.5至1.5小时,随后在300至400℃的温度中进一步加热0.5至1.5小时。然后在干燥器中将所得产品冷却至室温以得到所需要的催化剂。
所述杂多酸选自硅钨酸、磷钨酸、磷钼酸和钒钨酸,以及所述基料选自硅石、氧化铝、硅石-氧化铝、粘土和蒙脱石。
所获得的催化剂用于在300至500℃的温度中,加热0.8至1.2(w/w)的比例的乙醛和氨合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶。催化剂的含量为5至15%重量比,并且该反应优选地在玻璃反应器中进行。通过将含乙醛和氨的原料的重时空速维持在0.1至10g/g催化剂(优选为1至3)来实施该反应。所获得的吡啶碱和产物通过公知的光谱色谱(spectrochromatographic)法来进行分析,以及通过常规的分馏将吡啶碱从所需要的产品中分离。
本发明的新颖性在于以环保方式制备用于将乙醛和氨转化为2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的催化剂。与现有技术方法相比,所述方法避免了环境污染。
以下实施例示例性地描述了本发明,并且不应理解为对本发明所述范围的限制。
实施例1
催化剂的制备:粒度为6至14目的硅胶用作硅基载体(silicasupport)
将磷钨酸(10g)溶解在水(25ml)中,且该溶液与硅胶(100g)混合。搅拌该浆液以获得均匀化的浸渍作用,在200至250℃在空气中干燥1小时,随后在400℃时干燥1小时,最后在干燥器中冷却至室温。该催化剂用于乙醛和氨的反应。
在内径为2cm,并具有足够长度以保持在32cm长的炉内的下流式玻璃反应器中实施所述实验。将所形成的催化剂(10g)放置在该反应器中部,并借助于管式电炉加热至380℃。以9.5ml/小时的加料速率加入乙醛并以60ml/分钟的加料速率加入氨。在冰冷却的接收器内将2小时内形成的产物冷凝,称重,并用气相色谱进行分析(安装使用红色硅藻土色谱载体-p上含30%甘油的2m×3mm SS柱的FID。柱温度维持在135℃以及氮气流速为30ml/分钟)。纯化的标准物用于校准。乙醛向甲基吡啶的转化率为50至60%。
实施例2
催化剂的制备:粒度为6至14目的硅胶用作硅基载体
将硅钨酸(10g)溶解在水(25ml)中,且该溶液与硅胶(100g)混合。搅拌该浆液以获得均匀化的浸渍作用,在225℃在空气中干燥1小时,随后在400℃时干燥1小时,最后在干燥器中冷却至室温。该催化剂用于乙醛和氨的反应。
在内径为2cm,并具有足够长度以保持在32cm长的炉内的下流式玻璃反应器中实施所述实验。将所形成的催化剂(10g)放置在该反应器中部,并借助于管式电炉加热至400℃。以9.5ml/小时的加料速率加入乙醛并以60ml/分钟的加料速率加入氨。在冰冷却的接收器内将2小时内形成的产物冷凝,称重,并用气相色谱进行分析(安装使用红色硅藻土色谱载体-p上含30%甘油的2m×3mm不锈钢柱的FID。柱温度维持在135℃以及氮气流速为30ml/分钟)。纯化的标准物用于校准。乙醛向甲基吡啶的转化率为55%。
实施例3:催化剂的制备:粒度为6至14目的硅胶用作硅基载体
将钒钨酸(10g)溶解在水(25ml)中,且该溶液与硅胶(100g)混合。搅拌该浆液以获得均匀化的浸渍作用,在210℃在空气中干燥1小时,随后在400℃时干燥1小时,最后在干燥器中冷却至室温。该催化剂用于乙醛和氨的反应。
在内径为2cm,并具有足够长度以保持在32cm长的炉内的下流式玻璃反应器中实施所述实验。将所形成的催化剂(10g)放置在该反应器中部,并借助于管式电炉加热至370℃。以9.5ml/小时的加料速率加入乙醛并以60ml/分钟的加料速率加入氨。在冰冷却的接收器内将2小时内形成的产物冷凝,称重,并用气相色谱进行分析(安装应用红色硅藻土色谱载体-p上含30%甘油的2m×3mm不锈钢柱的FID。柱温度维持在135℃以及氮气流速为30ml/分钟)。纯化的标准物用于校准。乙醛向甲基吡啶的转化率为70%。
本发明的主要优点在于:
1.所述方法非常简单及经济。
2.与现有技术相比,所述催化剂的制备避免了繁冗的方法。

Claims (8)

1.制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法,该方法包括在催化剂的存在下,加热将乙醛和氨反应并分离所形成的2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶,所述催化剂包含浸渍在载体上的杂多酸的复合物,并以5至15%重量的含量存在,其中所述杂多酸选自硅钨酸、磷钨酸、磷钼酸和钒钨酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中以0.8至1.2(w/w)的比例使用所述乙醛和氨并在300至500℃的温度中进行反应。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反应在玻璃反应器中进行。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中乙醛和氨的重时空速维持在0.1至10g/g催化剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中乙醛和氨的重时空速维持在1至3g/g催化剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶通过分馏来进行分离。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述载体选自硅石、氧化铝、硅石-氧化铝、粘土和蒙脱石。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述载体包含粒度为6至14目的硅胶。
CNB2003801109444A 2003-12-31 2003-12-31 制备2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100448534C (zh)

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CN100446857C (zh) * 2006-11-02 2008-12-31 武汉理工大学 杂多酸/有序介孔氧化硅催化剂的制备方法
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CN110586187B (zh) * 2019-10-11 2022-05-13 沧州那瑞化学科技有限公司 一种负载型磷钨酸催化剂及其制备方法和应用

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WO1990003366A1 (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-04-05 Reilly Industries, Inc. Pyridine base synthesis process and catalyst for same
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CN1332728A (zh) * 1998-12-30 2002-01-23 埃克森美孚石油公司 改进的吡啶/甲基吡啶制造方法

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