CN100441342C - 一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,属于磁性金属材料的制备方法这一技术领域,包括磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程、碳包覆过程,所述的碳包覆过程为将磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程的产物加入到碳水化合物的水溶液中,混合均匀,再升温至160℃以上,反应不小于2小时,分离、洗涤、干燥即可,本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点:由于液相碳化条件温和,温度低,磁性金属纳米粒子的形态,晶型不发生变化,因此可以得到各种形态、晶型的碳包覆磁性金属纳米粒子,并避免了碳化物的生成;通过控制碳水化合物和磁性金属纳米粒子的比例可以非常容易的控制碳层厚度,生产装置简单、制备周期短、耗能小、成本低、反应参数容易控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于磁性金属材料的制备方法这一技术领域,特别属于碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料这一技术领域。
背景技术
磁性金属纳米材料在高密度磁记录器件、磁流体、磁致冷体系、磁效应成像、靶向药物载体、催化剂等领域有着非常重要的应用。但由于其高表面能及粒子间强相耳作用,磁性金属纳米粒子非常容易氧化和团聚。在不采取保护措施下,磁性金属纳米粒子暴露于空气中会立即氧化甚至“自燃”。这已经成为影响其应用的一个重要环节。一个有效的防止其氧化和团聚的措施就是在纳米粒子外围包覆碳壳层。由于碳壳可以在很小的空间禁锢金属物质,可避免环境对纳米材料的影响,减小粒子间的相互作用,解决了磁性金属纳米粒子易团聚和在空气中不能稳定存在的问题。另外由于碳包覆层的存在,有望提高磁性金属与生物体之间的相容性,因而在医学方面具有广阔的应用前景。此外,依据磁性金属粒子和碳基体的不同,该材料可望用作磁记录材料、电波屏蔽材料、氧化还原催化剂。
传统的制备碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料是利用物理手段像电弧放电技术、离子束溅射法、电子束照射法、激光蒸发法、等离子体蒸发法,气相沉积法,热解法,含金属的炭凝胶爆炸法等,这些方法使用的设备复杂、耗能大、成本高、操作繁琐、制备温度高、反应剧烈、副产物多,因而难以实现大规模生产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种成本低、操作简单的碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案包括磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程、碳包覆过程,所述的碳包覆过程为将磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程的产物加入到碳水化合物的水溶液中,混合均匀,再升温至160℃以上,反应不小于2小时,分离、洗涤、干燥即可。
所述的磁性金属为铁、镍、或钴中的一种或两种以上的组合。
所述的碳水化合物为葡萄糖、环糊精、蔗糖,最优选的碳水化合物为葡萄糖。
所述升温温度为160-180℃。
所述溶解碳水化合物的水经过脱氧气的处理。
所述的磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程为在惰性气体的保护下、将磁性金属盐用相应的溶剂溶解,再加入还原剂,反应不小于30分钟,分离、洗涤即可。
所述的惰性气体为氩气、氮气;
所述的还原剂为肼的氢氧化钠溶液。
所述发明的碳化原理遵循LaMer模型。葡萄糖在水热条件下,先形成芳香簇化合物和寡糖,当达到临界过饱和态,形成的芳香簇化合物和寡糖以磁性金属纳米粒子为核生长,即在磁性金属微粒表面形成一包覆层,进而脱水碳化,包覆层碳化成碳层,形成碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点:由于液相碳化条件温和,温度低,磁性金属纳米粒子的形态、晶型不发生变化,因此可以得到各种形态、晶型的碳包覆磁性金属纳米粒子,并避免了碳化物的生成;同时通过控制碳水化合物和磁性金属纳米粒子的比例可以非常容易的控制碳层厚度,生产装置简单、制备周期短、耗能小、成本低、反应参数容易控制。
附图说明
图1为碳包覆铁镍合金纳米材料的透射电镜(TEM)图。
图2为碳包覆金属钴纳米材料的透射电镜(TEM)图。
具体实施方式
下面是本发明非限定制备实施例,通过这些实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
所用的试剂均可从市场上购买。
碳包覆磁性纳米材料的厚度通过可以通过电子显微镜直接进行测量。
实施例1
在氩气保护下,1.9568g CoCl2·6H2O完全溶于20mL无水乙醇,在搅拌的同时加入还原剂,所述的还原剂由85%重量浓度的NH2-NH2·H2O水溶液12mL和2.0382g NaOH组成。在35℃反应30分钟,将得到的产物离心分离,依次用水和乙醇洗涤二次,得到树枝状的金属钴340mg。
取40mg所得金属钴置于40mL 0.13M的葡萄糖水溶液中。超声15分钟,将混合物置于聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中。于160℃反应16小时。室温自然冷却,离心分离,依次用水和丙酮洗涤二次,室温真空干燥。即可得到碳包覆树枝状钴材料,碳包覆厚度约250纳米。
实施例2
取实施例1中所得树枝状金属钴160mg置于40mL 0.13M的葡萄糖去氧水溶液中,超声15分钟后,将混合物置于聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,于180℃反应16小时,室温自然冷却,离心分离,依次用水和丙酮洗涤,室温真空干燥。可得到碳包覆树枝状钴材料,碳包覆厚度约100纳米。
在实施例1和2中,通过控制葡萄糖与金属钴的重量可以得到不同的碳包覆厚度。
实施例3
在氩气保护下,0.1396g FeSO4·7H2O和0.1492g NiSO4·6H2O完全溶入10mL水,再加入1.3601g聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)和0.5mL环己烷,室温超声80分钟,再将混合液加热到78℃,加入还原剂,所述的还原剂由85%重量浓度的NH2-NH2·H2O水溶液5mL和1.0352g NaOH组成,反应30分钟,得到黑色样品,经离心分离,水、乙醇洗涤二次,得到铁镍合金纳米粒子50mg,直径约35纳米。
将19.6mg所得铁镍合金纳米粒子置于38mL去氧水中,再溶进3.0159g葡萄糖,超声15分钟后,将混合物置于聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,于170℃反应3.5小时。室温自然冷却,离心分离,依次用水和丙酮洗涤二次,室温真空干燥,即可得到碳包覆铁镍合金纳米材料,碳包覆厚度约12纳米。
实施例4
在氩气保护下,0.1157g FeSO4·7H2O和0.1096gCoSO4·6H2O完全溶入10mL水,再加入1.3587g聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)和0.5mL环己烷,室温超声80分钟,再将混合液加热到78℃,加入还原剂,所述的还原剂由85%重量浓度的NH2-NH2·H2O水溶液5mL和1.0452g NaOH组成,反应30分钟,得到黑色样品,经离心分离,水、乙醇洗涤二次,得到铁钴合金纳米粒子47mg,直径约35纳米。
将20.5mg所得铁钴合金纳米粒子置于38mL去氧水中,再溶进3.0123g葡萄糖,超声15分钟后,将混合物置于聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,于170℃反应3.5小时,室温自然冷却,离心分离,依次用水和丙酮洗涤二次,室温真空干燥,即可得到碳包覆铁钴合金纳米材料,碳包覆厚度约12纳米。
Claims (8)
1、一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,所述的方法包括磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程和碳包覆过程,其特征在于:所述的碳包覆过程为将磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程的产物加入到碳水化合物的水溶液中,混合均匀,将混合物置于聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,再升温至160℃以上,反应不小于2小时,分离、洗涤、干燥即可。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的磁性金属为铁、镍、或钴中的一种或两种以上的组合。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的碳水化合物为葡萄糖、环糊精或蔗糖。
4、根据权利要求3所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的碳水化合物为葡萄糖。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的升温温度为160-180℃。
6、根据权利要求1所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶解碳水化合物的水经过脱氧气的处理。
7、根据权利要求1所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的磁性金属纳米粒子制备过程为在惰性气体的保护下、将金属盐用相应的溶剂溶解,再加入还原剂,反应不小于30分钟,分离、洗涤即可。
8、根据权利要求7所述的一种碳包覆磁性金属纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的惰性气体为氩气或氮气;所述的还原剂为肼的氢氧化钠溶液。
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TWI455889B (zh) * | 2008-08-05 | 2014-10-11 | Nat Univ Tsing Hua | 碳包覆金屬氧化物奈米顆粒及其製造方法 |
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