CN100435975C - 产生化妆品喷雾的方法及相关产品 - Google Patents

产生化妆品喷雾的方法及相关产品 Download PDF

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CN100435975C
CN100435975C CNB2003801086423A CN200380108642A CN100435975C CN 100435975 C CN100435975 C CN 100435975C CN B2003801086423 A CNB2003801086423 A CN B2003801086423A CN 200380108642 A CN200380108642 A CN 200380108642A CN 100435975 C CN100435975 C CN 100435975C
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CN1738683A (zh
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G·R·汤普森
S·瓦伦
T·F·维格纳
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/109Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring
    • B05B11/1091Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring being first hold in a loaded state by locking means or the like, then released
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042Components or details
    • B05B11/1073Springs
    • B05B11/1074Springs located outside pump chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • B05B9/08Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type
    • B05B9/085Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump
    • B05B9/0877Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump the pump being of pressure-accumulation type or being connected to a pressure accumulation chamber
    • B05B9/0883Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. of knapsack type with a liquid pump the pump being of pressure-accumulation type or being connected to a pressure accumulation chamber having a discharge device fixed to the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/026Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种把液体化妆品组合物喷到人体表面的方法及其相关产品,包括:(i)机械加压自由流动的液体化妆品组合物至1.0-小于5.0MPa的压力;(ii)使组合物穿过涡流室,和(iii)把组合物挤出穿过一个100-200微米的出口喷嘴喷到人体表面上。

Description

产生化妆品喷雾的方法及相关产品
本发明涉及化妆品喷雾产品和产生喷雾的方法。特别地,本发明涉及由液体化妆品组合物产生喷雾而不使用挥发性推进剂。
现有技术的化妆品喷雾器采用了各种各样的产生喷雾的方法。一种广泛使用的方法是使用挥发性推进剂来配制液体化妆品组合物,例如液化烃类或者氯氟烃。然而,人们逐渐发现向大气中加入VOCs/温室气体会有害环境影响,并且在寻求产生喷雾的替代方法。
作为使用挥发性推进剂的代替,可使用机械压力来挤压液体化妆品组合物使其穿过喷嘴,从而产生化妆品的喷雾。现在市售的以这种方式操作的化妆品喷雾器是压挤器喷雾和触发器喷雾。令人遗憾地,此类设备往往无法产生优质的喷雾,在一定程度上是作用于组合物的压力有限的结果。不良的喷雾质量常常导致用于人体上的不良的感觉性能。
高压可以通过弹簧驱动机构产生。已经把引入此类机构的设备用作“吸入器”,设计用来通过呼吸道配送药物。US 5,331,954(1994,NovoNordisk,A/S)、US 6,109,479(2000,Bespak plc)和WO91/14468(1991,Dunne Miller Weston有限公司)以及在其中列举的参考文献公开了此类设备。
令人遗憾地,这些公开文献中不包含如何产生适合应用于人体表面的化妆品喷雾的描述。这些公开文献中描述的设备的操作压力高于在化妆品喷雾器中希望的压力和/或其压力对于化妆品使用不能输送足够速率或者喷雾质量的喷雾。
发明概述
本发明的一个方面,提供了一种把液体化妆品组合物喷到人体表面上的方法,包括:
(i)机械加压自由流动的液体化妆品组合物至1.0-小于5.0MPa的压力;
(ii)将组合物穿过涡流室,和;
(iii)把组合物挤出穿过一个100-200微米的出口喷嘴喷到人体表面上。
本发明的第二个方面,提供一种包括自由流动液体化妆品组合物和适合于把上述组合物喷到人体上的手持式喷雾器,上述的设备包括用于化妆品组合物的预雾化室、向化妆品组合物施加1.0-小于5.0MPa压力的装置、用于把化妆品组合物从预雾化室导入涡流室的输送管路、具有用于从化妆品组合物产生的喷雾的100-200微米出口喷嘴的涡流室。
整个说明书中,涉及到应用于人体表面应该被理解为应用到皮肤和/或头发。优选直接应用。本发明的产品和方法特别适合应用到人的皮肤上。
发明详述
本发明描述一种产生化妆品喷雾的方法,其应用于人体上具有优良的感觉性能而不使用挥发性推进剂。通过此处描述的适合的设备组件和适合的机械加压相结合获得的优良喷雾质量产生了优良的感觉性能。此外,本发明使得化妆品喷雾可以以适当的流动速度应用于人体表面。
适当的流动速度和优良的喷雾质量的益处在于在把液体化妆品组合物施用到人体表面方面具有很大的优点。消费者非常想得到常常可以快速施用的产品,其以适当的流速完成,并且优良的喷雾质量赋予优良的感觉或者“应用的舒适”。质量差的喷雾,包括大液滴,在应用到人体上时常常使人感觉冰凉和潮湿,而根据本发明产生的喷雾具有优良的感觉性能。
液体化妆品组合物的机械加压需要以某种方式把机械力作用于组合物。仅仅通过存在作为组合物组分的液化挥发性推进剂来使组合物处于压力下是不够的。实际上,组合物优选不包括此类组分。产生的压力必须至少为1.0MPa,优选至少为1.5MPa,更优选至少为2.0MPa;然而最大压力必须小于5.0MPa,优选不高于4.5MPa,更优选不高于3.5MPa。
在本发明的第二方面,在把液体化妆品组合物通过输送管路强制输送入涡流室之前,才把液体化妆品组合物装在预雾化室中。一般地,直到插销打开时在预雾化室中的液体化妆品组合物才处于压力下,这导致对其施加压力并且把组合物强制从预雾化室输出。
在许多实施方案中,液体化妆品组合物的机械加压是通过拉簧实现的。消费者可以拉伸弹簧,一般地在再次使用产品以产生化妆品喷雾前。在优选实施方案中,通过杠杆的操作来拉伸弹簧;弯曲杆以使弹簧处于拉伸状态之下。在此类实施方案中,通过插销装置使弹簧处于拉伸状态;当希望使用伸张弹簧对液体化妆品组合物施加压力时将插销装置释放。
涡流室是本发明的重要的部件。它使得化妆品组合物产生漩涡从而加强液体化妆品组合物在出口喷嘴处的雾化。一般的涡流室具有一个或多个径向进口空穴或者槽缝。优选,把此类空穴或者槽缝与涡流室的横截面成切线放置;横截面优选是基本上圆形的。为了最佳功效,优选有两个或更多、特别地两个到四个空穴或者槽缝存在于涡流室的底部,即离出口喷嘴最远的部分。现在把可能存在的多重进口安排成全部以相同的方向推动漩涡,不论是顺时针方向或者逆时针转动。
涡流室的出口喷嘴一般为直径100-200微米的圆截面的。出口喷嘴表示涡流室的出口,并且其使得从中流出的、加压的、漩涡的液体化妆品组合物雾化。
涡流室进口和涡流室出口的相对尺寸可以影响产生的喷雾的质量。进口的总横截面积优选大于出口喷嘴的总横截面积;具体地,优选进口:出口面积比(即进口的总横截面积与出口喷嘴的总横截面积的比)为2.5∶1到3∶1。在测量所述的横截面积时,应该用最小的进口/出口区域将非涡流室空间涡流室连接起来。
基于本发明所使用的液体化妆品组合物是自由流动的。本发明上下文中的自由流动应该理解为是指当在1.0-小于5.0MPa的压力、20℃温度下进入涡流室的时候将产生漩涡的液体化妆品组合物。适合的组合物具有0.8mPa.s-200mPa.s的粘度,特别是1mPa.s-100mPa.s,尤其是1mPa.s-50mPa.s,在剪切速率100/s和20℃温度下测量。在20℃温度下,液体化妆品组合物的表面张力一般为23-100,特别是30-80,尤其是30-50mN/m。
根据本发明喷雾的液体化妆品组合物常常包括C2-C4醇,例如乙醇、丙二醇、丙醇或者异丙醇。当使用此类组合物时,可以获得特别优良的感觉。组合物可以包括占组合物为1wt%-99wt%的C2-C4醇,特别是1wt%-50wt%,尤其是5wt%-15wt%。
组合物可以包括1wt%-99wt%的水,特别是25wt%-99wt%,尤其是50wt%-99wt%。当使用50wt%的特别优选的最小水含量时,最大含量优选是最高达95wt%。所用组合物可以是溶液或者乳液,特别是水包油乳液。
适合的化妆品组合物包括发胶、身体喷雾剂,除臭剂,防汗剂和香水。特别适合于身体喷雾剂。
可以获得高流速,例如0.1g/s-1.0g/s,特别是0.2g/s-0.6g/s,并且同时仍然保持优良的喷雾质量。喷雾质量可以定义为获得的液滴的精细度和/或上述的液滴的液滴尺寸分布的狭窄度。对于许多应用,人们希望实现Sauter D[4,3]平均液滴尺寸为7μm-60μm,特别是10μm-50μm,尤其是15μm-35μm。进一步优选对于每一个如上所述的SauterD[4,3]的优选范围,Sauter D[3,2]平均液滴尺寸也是在相同的范围内。也由中值体积液滴尺寸(Sauter D[v,0.5])来度量,并且这些值优选是7μm-60μm,特别是10μm-50μm,和尤其是15μm-35μm。对于液滴尺寸分布的狭窄度,在Sauter D[v,0.1]和Sauter D[v,0.9]值之间的间隔优选为50微米或者更小,更优选45微米或者更小,并且特别优选40微米或者更小。
在说明书中涉及的液滴尺寸可以使用基于光散射技术的标准仪表装置得到。
现在,本发明通过对一种适合的喷雾器的具体实施方案的描述和对一种适合的喷嘴组件(在下面定义)的具体实施方案的描述来进一步地举例说明。参考图1-5进行说明,其中:
图1是适合根据本发明使用的喷雾器的一种具体实施方案的简图。
图2是适合根据本发明使用的喷嘴组件的一种具体实施方案的穿过中心的垂直横剖面。
图3是图2中图示的喷嘴组件上部(22)的穿过中心的垂直横剖面。
图4是图2中图示的喷嘴组件下部(23)的穿过中心的垂直横剖面。
图5是图4中图示的喷嘴组件的下部(23)的俯视图。
在图1中图示的喷雾器在许多方面类似于上述WO 91/14468中描述的设备。它包括主体(1),其中定义了圆截面的泵缸(2),其中安装活塞(3)以进行往复运动。泵缸(2)与横截面的预雾化室(4)连接。活塞(3)具有缩减的直径部分(5),其通过提供在活塞部分(5)上的塑料密封盖子或者环与预雾化室密封配合。
压缩弹簧(6)位于泵缸(2)内,即在活塞(3)大头和泵缸(2)的相对的端壁之间。传动杆(7)与活塞(3)连接,并且穿过弹簧(7)和穿过主体(1)内的通道。附着于主体(1)的插销装置(9)与传动杆(7)配合以把传动杆(7)锁在周围的弹簧(6)处于压缩状态(即拉紧)的位置上。通过轴销,把传动杆(7)在设备主体(1)外面的一个位点链接杆(10)的一端。加杆通过支点(12)上方,在接近插销装置(9)的位置附着于主体(1)。提供触发或者起动按钮(13)以打开插销装置(9)。
主体(1)内部还定义了腔室(14),其中包括含有液体化妆品组合物(16)的可收缩的袋子(15)。袋子(15)内部与入口通道(17)连接,其又通过单向阀(18)与室(4)相连接。
通向喷嘴组件(20)的出口管路或者输送管路(19)通过阀门(21)也与室(4)相连接,阀门(21)用作单向阀和减压阀。
在图2-5中给出了那些适合使用在图中图示的喷雾器的喷嘴组件的图解。喷嘴组件具有圆截面并包括上部(22)和下部(23)。上部(22)的底面(29)紧密地安装在下部(23)的上表面(38)上。包括在下的圆柱形部分(37)和上面的截头圆锥形部分(31)的涡流室(30)位于喷嘴组件上部(22)和下部(23)之间,如下所述。
在图3中表示了喷嘴组件的上部(22),其包括圆形横截面的缸(24),其中下部(23)隐蔽地安装到缸里。缸(24)上面是喷嘴组件上部(22)的顶部(25),其上表面(26)中定义了在其中心具有排出孔/喷嘴(28)的锥形凹陷(27)。喷嘴组件上部(22)的底面(29)中,定义了以在中心的排出孔/喷嘴(28)作为端点的较小的截头圆锥形凹陷。该较小锥形凹陷定义了在图2中表示的涡流室(30)的上部(31)。
喷嘴组件的下部(23)在图4和5中给出了图解。它包括圆截面的主体(32),它的外侧在顶部(33)处有倒角,并且在它的下端(34)部分具有减缩直径。通过输送管路(19)和喷嘴组件的下部(23)的下表面(36)中的孔,液体化妆品组合物从预雾化室流入喷嘴组件的下部(23)中的室(35)。从这个室(35),把液体化妆品组合物强制向上通过圆形横截的输送管路(39)和(40)。在它们的下端,输送管路(39)和(40)的外部与半圆形凹陷(41A)和(41B)相连,凹陷倾斜进入室(35)的侧壁。输送管路(39和40)开口于喷嘴组件下部(23)的上表面(38)的下降部分(42),如图5所示。下降部分(42)与喷嘴组件上部(22)的底面(29)一起,限定矩形横截面的两个通道(43和44),其通过两个切线进口槽缝(46)通入涡流室(30)的下部(37),槽缝布置得以相同的方向激起涡动(顺时针方向的,从顶部来观察,如图5所示)。两个进口槽缝(46)的总截面积与出口喷嘴(28)面积的比是2.7∶1。
实施例
使用图2-5中图解的涡流室来实施一系列实验,使用的输出喷嘴尺寸为100,150和200微米。使用下列模型液体化妆品组合物(在表1中详细说明):
1:除臭剂基料组合物;
2:含水醇溶液防汗剂组合物;
3:水包油型乳状液防汗剂组合物;
4:50mPa.s标准。
表1:模型液体化妆品组合物
Figure C20038010864200091
每个液体组合物经受表2中列出的压力的作用,使用G15 DVEMaximator高压泵,产自于Schmidt,Kranz & Co.GmbH。表2给出了使用100微米喷嘴以及组合物1和3时,用200微米喷嘴以及组合物2时,和用150微米喷嘴以及组合物4时的喷雾数据。使用MalvernMastersizer光散射仪器进行粒径测定。
表2:作为压力函数的基于液体化妆品组合物的喷雾数据
  组合物,喷嘴(压力,MPa)   流速(g/s)   D[4,3]   D[v,0.5]   D[v,0.9]减D[v,0.1]
  1,100微米0.691.032.07 0.17-0.25 43.133.424.9 42.533.023.0 44.735.926.9
  2,200微米0.691.382.07 0.360.490.58 58.945.941.9 57.545.441.3 51.541.241.6
  3,100微米0.691.382.07 0.200.260.30 54.343.133.8 52.842.032.7 54.243.037.9
  4,150微米0.691.382.07 0.220.300.37 66.135.031.9 62.733.330.8 57.632.628.1
由超出本发明范围的操作所得到的结果以斜体字表示(各行最上端)。液滴尺寸值以微米表示。
表2表明使用本发明可得到优良的喷雾质量.显著地,当以0.69MPa(即超出本发明范围)操作时,流速和喷雾质量较差,后者通过液滴的精细度和液滴尺寸分布的狭窄度表示。当在本发明范围内操作时,使用表1的各种组合物和任何喷嘴试验,都可以获得优良的结果。
为了对比根据本发明获得的和使用具有270微米喷嘴的标准喷嘴获得的喷雾质量,实施了与上面描述的实验类似的实验。在这些的实验中,把乙醇用作模型液体化妆品组合物。表3给出了结果,其表明通过本发明的方法可以获得优良的喷雾质量。
表3:粒径为喷管直径和压力的函数
Figure C20038010864200111
由超出本发明范围操作得到的结果以斜体字(在最右端的一列)表示。液滴尺寸值以微米表示.

Claims (9)

1.一种把液体化妆品组合物喷到人体表面的方法,包括:(i)机械加压自由流动的液体化妆品组合物至1.0-小于5.0MPa的压力;(ii)使组合物穿过涡流室,和(iii)把组合物挤出穿过一个100-200微米的出口喷嘴喷到人体表面上,其中涡流室具有一个或多个与涡流室横截面成切线放置的径向进口空穴或者槽缝。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中进口的总横截面积大于出口喷嘴的总横截面积。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中涡流室的进口∶出口面积之比为2.5∶1-3∶1。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中涡流室具有两个到四个进口空穴或者槽缝。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中自由流动液体化妆品组合物被机械加压至1.5-3.5MPa的压力。
6.一种包括自由流动液体化妆品组合物和适合于把化妆品组合物喷到人体上的手持式喷雾器的产品,该喷雾器包括用于化妆品组合物的预雾化室、向化妆品组合物施加1.0-小于5.0MPa压力的装置,用于把化妆品组合物从预雾化室导入涡流室的输送管路、具有用于由化妆品组合物产生的喷雾的100-200微米出口喷嘴的涡流室。
7.根据权利要求6的产品,其中向化妆品组合物施加压力的装置是拉簧。
8.根据权利要求7的产品,其中拉簧通过杠杆的操作来拉紧。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项的产品,其中跟随解除插销装置而把压力施加于化妆品组合物上。
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