CN100435757C - 具有多个压缩腔的义肢承窝直接铸造装置 - Google Patents

具有多个压缩腔的义肢承窝直接铸造装置 Download PDF

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CN100435757C
CN100435757C CNB200380101179XA CN200380101179A CN100435757C CN 100435757 C CN100435757 C CN 100435757C CN B200380101179X A CNB200380101179X A CN B200380101179XA CN 200380101179 A CN200380101179 A CN 200380101179A CN 100435757 C CN100435757 C CN 100435757C
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G·G·卡拉森
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
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    • A61F2/5046Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
    • A61F2002/5053Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using a positive or a negative model, e.g. casting model or mould
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/80Sockets, e.g. of suction type
    • A61F2002/802Suction sockets, i.e. utilizing differential air pressure to retain the prosthesis on the stump
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/753Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
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    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/30Use of anatomy in making a mold or using said mold
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S623/00Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
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Abstract

一种义肢承窝铸造装置包括带有前侧的底座,围绕中心铸造区域的可膨胀的囊从该底座延伸。囊包括多个内部可膨胀的腔,该腔通常沿着囊内部的长度并且外围围绕中心铸造区域周围延伸。腔的内壁由易弯曲的、流体不能渗透的相对薄的片材形成,其在对腔容积加压时是可膨胀的。囊还包括外部覆盖物或者由限制囊向外扩张的材料或结构形成的壁。通过加压空气或者其它流体可以使腔膨胀,以压缩中心铸造区域,其中,在其上具有可设置的义肢承窝材料的残体可以被安置在该区域内,以在压力作用下模制并固化。多个可膨胀的腔在围绕中心铸造区域的圆周上产生需要的压力分配。

Description

具有多个压缩腔的义肢承窝直接铸造装置
发明背景
1.技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在残肢上直接形成或者铸造义肢承窝的铸造装置。更具体的,本发明涉及一种铸造装置,其可以被直接安置在残体上,以加压预先被应用在残体之上的可模制并可设置的义肢承窝材料,由此将承窝制造成完善的内部容积。
2.背景技术
通过各种技术,包括熟石膏模子、计算机建模、真空形成以及义肢学家所知道的其它各种技术,已经形成了残肢上义肢硬的承窝。还已知一种现有技术,即通过便携的压力铸造系统将义肢承窝直接铸造在残体上,该系统在美国专利No.5718925中被描述。当张力被施加到残肢远端区域时,该技术能够在残肢上直接压力铸造义肢承窝,由此制造出最后的承窝,该承窝在完成铸造过程时需要最低限度的修整和调整。
另外一个直接压力铸造系统的方案在美国专利No.5885509中被描述,其中,便携的环形压力铸造囊与在其上的可设置的承窝材料一起,在残体之上滚动,并且当残体在模制过程期间被拉紧并被拉长时,义肢承窝在施加在残体上的压力的作用下被模制并被硬化。
已经发现,在现有技术中已知的这样的过程能够被改进,以在义肢承窝模制过程期间更好地对铸造压力的分配进行控制,以得到在完成模制过程时能更好地安装在残体上的改进的义肢承窝。
本发明旨在对已知的现有技术系统,特别是对使用单一的环形囊的直接铸造系统加以改进,该囊用于在模制过程期间在残体上压缩义肢承窝材料。
发明内容
本发明是一种在美国专利No.5885509中描述的样式的义肢承窝铸造装置,其通过参考在其中整体引入。更准确的说,本发明是一种便携的义肢直接铸造装置,其包括底座,在该底座上安装了具有多个围绕在被定位在中心的铸造区域的周围的可膨胀的腔的被拉长的易弯曲的环形模制囊。囊可以向后朝向底座滚动或者从底座向前滚动以使残体被定位在囊内的铸造区域内,使得其相关的可膨胀的腔包围残体。
腔由易弯曲的、流体不能渗透的、薄片材料制成,当受内部压力而膨胀时,腔向内朝向中心铸造区域弯曲,从而以已经被应用在残体外部远端区域的义肢承窝材料加压在铸造区域内的残体。在对承窝材料模制和设置(固化)期间,可膨胀的腔可以以一定方式被单独加压或者被一起加压,以在残体以及与其相关的承窝铸造材料的周围产生指向内部的力。腔可以包括由弹性薄片材料制成的径向向内面对壁。
以在美国专利No.5885509中描述的方式,在应用义肢承窝模制材料之前,通过安装在从吸套筒的远端向远端延伸的吸套筒上的锁定销,典型的由硅树脂或者类似物形成的吸承窝被安置在残体上。锁定销与底座合作,以保证吸套筒的远端不会相对于底座发生运动或者以这样的方式,即,在来自可膨胀的腔的压力下对义肢承窝材料模制期间在远端方向上轴向拉动销以延长吸套筒以及残体远端区域。
底座包括锁装置,该锁装置用于接合锁定销并且相对于底座或者相对于牵引装置固定锁定销,该牵引装置能够在相对于囊以及与其相关的可膨胀的腔的远端方向上将牵引力施加在锁定销上。
底座包括合适的管路和阀,该管路和阀能够将加压空气或者其他流体传送到可膨胀的腔的内部,以在模制(铸造)过程期间使腔向内朝向中心铸造区域膨胀。
多个可膨胀的腔的构造和位置被选择为在模制到残体的义肢承窝材料上提供需要的压力分配,由此保证在很少需要或者不需要义肢学家进行调整的情况下将被模制并被固化的承窝合适的装配在残体上。
在优选的实施例中,三个纵向延伸的、在圆周上被分开的可膨胀的腔被设置在囊的内部。在替代实施例中,多个在内部的、纵向延伸的、在圆周上被分开的可膨胀的腔可以由单一的环形的可膨胀的囊包围,而每个囊或者囊组是可彼此单独加压或者所有囊是可彼此流体相通的。
囊优选地包括外部织物覆盖物,例如弹性织物,当可膨胀的腔被加压时,该覆盖物控制囊的外壁向外扩张。这保证可膨胀的腔的力被向内引导朝向铸造区域,而不会从铸造区域向外流失。
以在美国专利No.5885509中批露的方式,手动泵可以与铸造装置结合。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的义肢承窝铸造装置的实施例的侧部正视图;
图2为沿图1的线I所做的截面图;
图3为沿图1的线II-II所做的横截面图;
图4为铸造装置的底座部件的端部视图,显示了空气通道;
图5A为根据本发明的第一个实施例构造的囊的侧部正视图;
图5B为沿图5A的线III-III所做的截面图;
图5C为沿图5B的线V-V所做的截面图;
图5D为沿图5A的线IV-IV所做的横截面图;
图6A为根据本发明构造的铸造装置的第二个实施例的侧部正视图;
图6B为沿图6A的线VI-VI所做的截面图;
图6C为沿图6A的线VII-VII所做的横截面图;以及
图7所示的透视图显示的是,当铸造过程完成时,与义肢承窝以及残体分离之后的图1的义肢承窝铸造装置。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2,义肢承窝铸造装置10包括与锁装置16结合的底座部件12,该锁装置16与具有带螺纹的端部30的锁定销28合作,该带螺纹的端部30是可与吸套筒62的远端相连接的(查看图7),在铸造装置被安置在铸造位置上之前该吸套筒62被放在残体上。
在美国专利No.5718925以及No.5885509中描述的吸承窝典型地包括具有端结构的高度易弯曲的硅树脂弹性体承窝,该端结构包括用于容纳28所示类型的锁定销的带螺纹的端部30的带螺纹的承窝。吸承窝被用于通过真空连接将硬的义肢承窝与残体连接起来,并且典型地通过如销28那样的锁定销与承窝连接起来。吸承窝与本发明一起被使用以为残体提供覆盖物,义肢承窝模制材料被应用在该残体上,从而吸承窝在残体和完成的义肢承窝之间提供隔离物,该隔离物使在义肢承窝内产生合适的内部容积,当义肢承窝被带有吸套筒的被截肢者磨损时,该内部容积留出吸承窝的体积。
另外,如在专利No.5885509中所批露的那样,在残体之上并且在义肢承窝铸造材料之下使用吸承窝,这使锁定销28能够被固定到吸承窝的远端并且与铸造装置10的底座12相连。如在专利No.5885509中所描述并且在下面更详细讨论的那样,将锁定销固定到底座12,这导致在铸造期间牵引力被施加到残体的远端。
根据图1和图2所示的本发明的实施例,可以保证销28不会相对于连接器14发生轴向运动,该连接器14可释放的与销28接合,以保证销不会相对于底座12在邻近的方向上发生运动。如果需要的话,那么连接器14可以刚性地固定到底座12,或者可选的,连接器14可以与拉手柄22结合,在使用铸造装置10期间,该拉手柄22可以由义肢学家操纵以在远端方向上拉动销28。
根据该例子,当销28通过端部30与已经被安置在残体之上的吸承窝相连时,并且假定相对于残体以及包含在下面将要描述的铸造区域32内的吸衬套,底座12以及囊34(下面将被描述)保持定位,通过手柄22施加的张力通过被定位在弹簧座18上的弹簧19被传送到滑动杆26和连接器14,该连接器14通过被固定到销28的锁装置16与销28连接。底座12相对于销28是可轴向运动的,从而有效地使销28、连接器14以及杆20在弹簧座18上的弹簧19的约束下,相对于底座12是可轴向运动的,该弹簧将施加的张力反作用到手柄部件22内。表述有所不同,通过手柄22向图1和图2中的右侧施加的轴向力被传送到定位在手柄22中的弹簧座18上的压缩弹簧19,该轴向力接下来通过图2所示向右的杆的放大端被传送到滑动杆20,然后通过在杆20和底座14之间的连接被传送到底座14内。然后,被施加到连接器14的轴向负荷通过锁16被传送到销28内,以使力能够独立于底座12被施加到销28。手柄22相对于滑动杆20运动的程度(即弹簧19压缩的程度)可以在标尺26上被表现出来,该标尺26被刻或者以其它方法被标记在杆20的外径的前端(如图所示朝向左端)。
连接到底座部件12的前侧是柔性的、可膨胀的环形压力囊34,该囊34限定了中心铸造区域32并且从底座部件12是可轴向向前延伸囊34的长度。囊34被成形并且被定尺寸为通常沿着被吸承窝覆盖的残体的长度延伸,义肢承窝材料要在吸承窝上模制。囊34优选地包括外壁36,该外壁36可以由用相对不可延展的材料或者限制壁36向外延伸的材料形成的网或者线加固的硅树脂橡胶材料形成,或者可以由带有单独的外部覆盖物的诸如硅树脂弹性体之类的弹性体材料形成,该覆盖物由限制外壁36向外扩张的材料形成。
囊34的内壁38可以由一个或者更多个薄片形成,该薄片是易弯曲的且柔顺的片材,该薄片也可以用能根据预定的标准定制材料的延展性的部件加固。根据该优选的实施例,内壁38和外壁36包括大致薄的、柔性的材料,该材料使囊34可以以与在美国专利No.5885509中批露的囊相似的方式滚上残肢或者从残肢上滚动下来,以允许在残肢之上容易放上或者取下囊34。囊34的内壁38的优选特征是,其由当被张紧时其本身大致不会膨胀而当在其后面的腔膨胀时将是完全柔顺的材料形成,以包围被定位在铸造区域32内的残肢以及义肢承窝模制材料。
根据本发明的优选实施例,囊34的内壁38由薄片材料形成,该材料与外壁36分离,并且以在内壁38和外壁36之间限定可膨胀的腔的方式与其结合或者另外接附其上。内壁38可以缝合、热封、结合,或者以其他方法牢固地固定到外壁36的内周边上,以限定多个可膨胀的腔40、42和44。腔40、42和44沿着囊34的长度延伸并且外围围绕在铸造区域32的周围。当被诸如空气之类的流体加压时,腔40、42和44典型是可膨胀的,以使腔的内壁38向内朝向中心铸造区域32膨胀,从而将压力施加到义肢承窝材料上以使其在囊34中被模制。
如图4所示,连接器14包括至少一个流体通道64和用于以现有技术已知的方式从锁装置16释放销28的销释放机构(未显示)。流体通道或者数个流体通道64与在连接器14和底座12中的合适的端口以及管路相通,该端口和管路与腔40、42和44的内部相通,以使加压的流体被输送到腔的内部。如果需要的话,流体通道64可以与底座12相连,替代连接器14。可以使用任何其他合适的装置以使加压的流体的通道从腔40、42和44的外面的位置通到其内部。实际上,如果选择使用手柄22作为延伸装置,以将牵引力施加到销28,该销28可以使连接器14与底座12分离,流体通道64可以定向并布置为使得当牵引力施加到销28时使加压的流体连续输送到腔40、42和44的内部。
腔40、42和44也可以模制到侧壁36内,使得形成侧壁36的内壁,所以他们在腔40、42和44的内侧是可径向向内膨胀的。在这种形式中,腔能够由整体侧壁限定,该侧壁具有限定可膨胀的腔的可膨胀的袋状物。
囊34的第1个实施例在图5A-图5D中显示,在图中,内壁38和外壁36限定了沿着囊34的长度轴向延伸并且圆周围绕在中心铸造区域32的周围的可延伸的腔40、42和44。囊34的内壁38包括安排在腔40、42和44之间的不可膨胀的区域,其中,如在图5D中39所示,内壁38和外壁36通过缝合、热封、结合或者类似方法彼此牢固地固定在一起。
囊34包括近端35和远端37,与远端37相比近端35具有较小的直径,虽然基于承窝和残体的形状囊通常也可以是圆柱形的形式。选择囊34的长度,以使其包围残体以及定位在残体的远端区域上的义肢承窝铸造材料。如果需要的话,可以以几个长度制造多个囊,这些囊具有合适的较小的直径和合适的较大的直径,以容纳各种尺寸的残体。
如39所示,内壁38沿着纵向接缝固定到外壁36上,并且可以由可伸展的弹性材料或者具有有限的弹性的材料制成,只要内壁38可以径向朝向铸造区域32膨胀到足够将足够的径向压缩力施加在定位在残体上的铸造材料上的程度,该残体已经被安置在铸造区域32上。如果内壁38具有有限的弹性,那么应当提供足够富裕的内壁材料,以使内壁能够在由内壁限定的可膨胀的腔通过加压的流体膨胀时向内朝向中心铸造区域弯曲。
在图5B、5C和5D中可以查看到内腔40、42和44的排列。
如图5B和5C所示,流体过道66可以在壁36、38之间被整体模制、构造,或者另外设置在囊34的近端结构35内。这些过道与和连接器14或者底座12相关联的流体通道或者过道64相通,如前所述。优选地,每个可膨胀的腔40、42和44配备独立的流体过道66,虽然如果需要的话腔可以互相连接,从而使他们每个暴露在相同的内部压力下。另外,通过一系列与连接器14或者底座12相关联的流体过道,腔40、42和44可以被单独加压。流体过道可以是定位在外壁36的内部或者外部的独立的并且不同的管路。如果需要的话,也可以考虑将流体管路整合在囊34的壁内或者直接穿过囊34的壁而不通过底座12或者连接器14。
当可膨胀的腔40、42和44受到内部加压的诸如空气之类的流体的作用时,他们将膨胀或者被驱动到在图5D虚线所示的位置。
虽然没有显示,但是腔40、42和44可以被细分成多个附加的相连或者独立的腔,这些腔可以沿着囊34的长度被轴向隔开,以提供附加的可膨胀的腔,用于在通过本发明的铸造装置铸造义肢承窝期间,选择性的加压残体和义肢铸造材料的各个区域。
此外,只要腔的最内部的壁可膨胀到铸造区域内,可膨胀的腔也可以被模制为囊34、34′的单一厚度侧壁。
图6A-6C显示了本发明的替代实施例,其中,具有近端35′和远端37′的囊34′通常具有圆柱形的截面,并且包括外壁36′和限定多个可膨胀的内部腔54和一个环形的外部腔56的,如图6C所示在内部腔54之上延伸的内壁38′。向内与外壁36′和向外与内壁38′分开的附加的中间环形壁39限定了外部腔56,在本实施例中该外部腔56相似于在专利No.5885509中描述的环形压力腔。侧壁38′和39是相对易弯曲且柔顺的,以使囊34′能够容易地滚上或滚下残体和定位在残体远端上的义肢铸造材料,从而使铸造材料可以被定位在铸造区域32′内。选择中间壁39的膨胀特性,以在残体上分配需要的铸造压力并且分配加载在可膨胀的腔54的后面的压力。外壁36′也可以配备覆盖物或者另外构造为使得其在腔54、56内的内部压力的作用下发生的膨胀受到限制。
底座12′包含合适的阀门组、管子和管路,使得能够将加压的流体分配到腔54和56,以使他们能够被选择性的单独加压或者一起加压,从而使腔的内壁向内膨胀,以压缩在铸造区域32和32′内的可设置的义肢承窝材料。结合手柄和泵48、51通过连接器46与底座12′连接,并且可以配备压力指示器50,以指示在腔54、56内的压力。泵48、51相似于在美国专利No.5885509中描述的泵,参考该专利可以较全面地描述泵。
图7显示了图1和图2所示的铸造装置的实施例,涉及有残体66、吸承窝62,模制的义肢承窝S以及从吸承窝62延伸通过承窝S的远端的锁定销28。图7描绘了在完成承窝S的铸造后且在承窝S至少部分固化和硬化后,从义肢承窝S移开铸造装置10时被描绘的元件之间的联系。
然后,以现有技术已知的方式,从吸承窝62移开承窝S,以最后完成,并且从残体66移开吸套筒62。当然可以在任何时间通过将其从吸套筒62的远端松脱而将锁定销28移开。
例如像在美国专利No.5718925中描述的那样,在操作中,通过首先将吸承窝62和锁定销28安置在残体的远端上,残体将准备好用于铸造义肢预先形成的铸造材料,该吸承窝62和锁定销28也可以准备有在吸套筒下的任何其他保护层。
例如像在专利N o.5885509中描述的那样,囊34从在底座上的折叠或者收缩的位置向前展开在其上带有铸造材料的残体62的远端之上。在囊被展开之前,锁定销28可以被预先与底座12相连。然后,可膨胀的腔以诸如空气或者其他介质之类的合适的流体加压。腔将径向向内朝向铸造区域32、32′膨胀,其中,义肢承窝材料和残体被定位在该区域32、32′中。当可膨胀的腔40、42和44以及腔54、56膨胀时,囊34、34′至少部分由残体支撑。如果条件允许的话,义肢学家可以通过囊及腔向在残体上的被选择的位置施加额外的压力和操纵,以在义肢承窝材料硬化之前控制其形式和样式。义肢承窝材料选择为使其在被囊34、34′及与其相关联的可膨胀的腔加压时是可设置或者是可固化为硬化状态。各种可膨胀的腔40、42、44、54和56的方向、位置和构造选择为在义肢承窝材料设置为硬化状态时在其外周上产生需要的压力分配。例如,已经发现,使用三个在外围上分开的可膨胀的腔能够产生用于在残肢上铸造义肢承窝材料的需要的压力分配。
如在专利No.5885509中描述的那样,在铸造期间相对于底座12锚定锁定销28导致反作用牵引力施加到包括残体的吸承窝62的远端,义肢承窝材料被应用在该残体上。该牵引力是非常想要的,并且以在其被压缩到残体上时导致高度精确地形成义肢承窝内部容积的方式延长残体的远端区域。与在现有技术装置中使用的单一环状可膨胀的腔相比,多个可膨胀的腔以非圆柱形的模式将铸造压力分配在义肢承窝材料上,该模式更紧密地依从典型的残体的解剖学外形。
在此描述的本发明的具体的实施例被认为仅是说明性的,在不偏离被限定在接下来的权力要求书中的本发明的主旨和范围的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以想象并进行本发明的各种变动。

Claims (4)

1.一种义肢承窝直接铸造装置,其包括:
具有前侧的底座;
限定通常圆锥形的内部铸造区域的延长的柔性的环形囊,其由底座承载并从其前侧可延伸;
所述囊包含多个在圆周上分开的可膨胀的腔,其通常沿着铸造区域的长度延伸,该囊具有由相对不可延展的材料形成的外壁;
所述腔包括至少部分由该外壁和仅径向向内朝向铸造区域可膨胀的内壁限定的闭合的内部容积;
所述底座包括至少一个与所述腔的内部容积相通的加压流体供给通道;
所述囊具有与连接到底座的端相对的开放端;
所述开放端提供到铸造区域的通路。
2.如权利要求1所述的义肢承窝直接铸造装置,包括三个在圆周上分开的可膨胀的腔。
3.如权利要求1所述的义肢承窝直接铸造装置,包括与所述囊的至少一个壁相关联的限制其径向向外扩张的扩张限制结构。
4.如权利要求1所述的义肢承窝直接铸造装置,包括定位在所述可膨胀的腔和所述囊的外壁中间的附加的可膨胀的腔。
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JP2006501940A (ja) 2006-01-19
WO2004032790A2 (en) 2004-04-22
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US7105122B2 (en) 2006-09-12
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