CN100426958C - Method for raising dairy cattle to improve content of conjugated linoleic acid in milk - Google Patents
Method for raising dairy cattle to improve content of conjugated linoleic acid in milk Download PDFInfo
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- CN100426958C CN100426958C CNB2006100984082A CN200610098408A CN100426958C CN 100426958 C CN100426958 C CN 100426958C CN B2006100984082 A CNB2006100984082 A CN B2006100984082A CN 200610098408 A CN200610098408 A CN 200610098408A CN 100426958 C CN100426958 C CN 100426958C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a milk cow feeding method for enhancing a content of conjugated linoleic acid in milk. The present invention enhances a CLA content in milk by improving a milk cow feeding method. The milk cow feeding method is characterized in that the present invention not only optimizes a feed formula, enhances the intake of milk cows to linolenic acid, linoleic acid, etc., but also pours a certain amount of mixed conjugated linoleic acid to the milk cows to intensity the transformation of the milk cows to the conjugated linoleic acid. The milk produced by the milk cows by using the feeding method of the present invention is rich in (9c, 11t)-CLA and (10t, 12c)-CLA, and a milk fat content obviously falls under the condition that other nutrient components are unchanged. The present invention has marked application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for raising dairy cattle that improves cla levels in the milk.
Background technology
CLA (CLA) is the general name of the isomer of 18 carbon conjugated diene acid, is the linoleic secondary derivative of fatty acid, and its common trait is that 2 carbon-carbon double bonds directly connect by 1 carbon-to-carbon singly-bound, is not separated by methylene therebetween.In CLA (CLA), two two keys can have multiple position on carbochain, mainly contain carbon 8-carbon 10, carbon 9-carbon 11, carbon 10-carbon 12 and carbon 11-carbon 13 (two the two carbon atom sequence numbers of key on carbochain) etc. are several, there is cis (suitable)-cis (suitable) on the carbon-carbon double bond again, cis (suitable)-trans (instead), trans (instead)-cis (suitable) and trans (instead)-trans 4 kinds of rotamers such as (instead), so the kind of CLA very abundant (16 kinds).In these isomer, to human body really have the conjugated linoleic acid CLA isomer of actual effect mainly be (9c, 11t)-CLA ((9 is suitable, and 11 is anti-)-octadecadienoic acid) and (10t, 12c)-two kinds of CLA ((10 is anti-, and 12 is suitable)-octadecadienoic acid).Studies show that CLA (CLA) has the various biological function: the nutrition reallocation effect of similar beta-stimulants, can reduce body fat and increase trunk muscle content; Increase the secretory volume of immunological factor IL-2 and promote the T cytoactive, enhancing immunity, simultaneously and be proved and suppress the growth that epithelial cell, mammary gland, ovary, lung, skin, large intestine, stomach, colon and prostate etc. are organized cancer cell, obvious especially to the inhibition effect of breast cancer; CLA (CLA) has facilitation to growing of animal and improves the effect of metabolism of bone tissue; CLA (CLA) also has the blood sugar of adjusting, prevents and treats diabetes, regulates blood fat and blood pressure, cholesterol reducing, antiatherosclerosis, and beauty and skin care is regulated effects such as human body metabolism.The effect of two kinds of conjugated linoleic acid isomers is different, wherein (9c, 11t)-CLA lays particular emphasis on and improve immunity, anticancer function, (10t, 12c)-CLA lays particular emphasis on lowering blood-fat and reducing weight, improves trunk muscle content effect.
At present, can improve CLA content in the milk by improving feed formula, but just carry Ruzhong CLA (CLA) content by the linolenic acid, the linoleic acid content that improve in the feed, the result can only improve (9c, 11t)-content of CLA, and to the more significant isomer of another kind of biological effect (10t, 12c)-CLA but obviously do not improve its content, cause product only to have CLA part effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for raising dairy cattle that can directly improve the cla levels in the milk that produces.
The method for raising dairy cattle of cla levels in the raising milk provided by the present invention, wherein,
1) in milk cow lactation period, press concentrated feed: roughage weight ratio 40: 60-60: 40 feed milk cow, and every cow head is fed following component every day: sunflower oil 150-250g, fish oil 150-250g, linoleic acid 50-250g, linolenic acid 20-100g, active yeast powder 20-100g;
The weight percent of described roughage consists of: dark green herbage 50-80%, alfalfa ensilage 5-20%, green hay 10-30%, fibre length≤15cm;
The weight percent of described concentrated feed consists of: corn silage 30-50%, full-fat bean 15-25%, wheat bran 15-25%, bone meal 1-3%, blood meal 1-3%, vitamin 0.5-2%, mineral matter 0.5-2%, fish meal 2-5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5-2%, sodium sulphate 0.5-2%, sodium Diacetate 0.1-1%, urea phosphate 0.1-1%;
2) after milk cow is with food, perfusion every day of every cow head mixes CLA 100-250g, Vitwas E 1-2g, vitamin C 10-15g; In the described mixing CLA (9c, 11t)-CLA with (10t, 12c)-weight ratio of CLA is 1: 0.5-2.
In the raising dairy cattle process, the cowshed temperature is 10-18 ℃; Employing white fluorescent lamp illumination, make daytime and night in the ratio circulation of 16 hours and 8 hours with increase illumination.
In the present invention, the weight percent of concentrated feed composition is preferably: corn silage 43%, full-fat bean 23%, wheat bran 22%, bone meal 2%, blood meal 2%, vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%, fish meal 2.5%, sodium bicarbonate 1.5%, calcium bicarbonate 1%, sodium sulphate 0.5%, sodium Diacetate 0.3%, urea phosphate 0.2%.
In feeding process, preferred: in the lactational incipient stage of milk cow, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 55: 45; The posterior segment that lactation is early stage, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 60: 40; After date in the lactation, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 40: 60; Every cow head feeding volume every day is: sunflower oil 150-250g, fish oil 150-250g, linoleic acid 150-250g, linolenic acid 30-80g, active yeast powder 50g.
Preferably, perfusion every day of every cow head mixes CLA 150-250g, Vitwas E 1.5g, vitamin C 12g; In the described mixing CLA (9c, 11t)-CLA with (10t, 12c)-weight ratio of CLA is 1: 1.
The present invention improves CLA content in the milk by improving method for raising dairy cattle.Different with additive method is that the present invention has not only optimized feed formula, has improved the intake of milk cow to linolenic acid, linoleic acid etc., and pours into a certain amount of mixing CLA to milk cow, to strengthen the conversion of milk cow to CLA.Adopt the milk that milk cow produced of the inventive method feed, not only be rich in (9c, 11t)-CLA, and be rich in (10t, 12c)-CLA, and dairy fat content obviously descends under the situation of other nutrient content unchanged, has significant using value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the gas chromatogram of CLA in the milk.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, raising dairy cattle
1, produces the screening (from the inferior pasture of company of Mongolia Ox Australia) of using ox
Kind: Australian He Sitan
In lactation stage: lactation early anaphase---lactation mid-term, promptly divide the puerperium 60---210 ages in days
Lactation amount: 〉=7500kg/
Body weight: 540 ± 20kg
CLA background content in the butterfat: 〉=5.5mg/g butterfat
Ox age: greater than three years old, between three to six lactation periods
2, feeding environment
1) drinking-water: drinking-water sufficient, cleaning is provided inside and outside house, and water temperature is controlled at 21-27 ℃; Simultaneously suitably put coarse fodder and mineral salt at sports ground;
2) cowshed temperature: 10-18 ℃;
3) illumination: adopt the white fluorescent lamp illumination, make daytime and night in the ratio circulation of 16 hours and 8 hours with increase illumination;
4) motion: add sharp movement in right amount, enough spaces are arranged.
3, feeding process:
Roughage (percentage by weight): the dark green herbage (70%) of high-quality, alfalfa ensilage (10%), green hay (perennial ryegrass, clover, corn stalk, 20%), fibre length≤15cm.
Concentrated feed (percentage by weight): corn silage 43%, full-fat bean 23%, wheat bran 22%, bone meal 2%, blood meal 2%, vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%, fish meal 2.5%, sodium bicarbonate 1.5%, calcium bicarbonate 1%, sodium sulphate 0.5%, sodium Diacetate 0.3%, urea phosphate 0.2%
1) smart roughage ratio: incipient stage lactation period, smart roughage weight ratio is 55: 45 (essence: thick), the early stage posterior segment of lactation reaches 60: 40 (essence: thick), increase gradually according to the appetite fine fodder. but fine fodder increase every day is no more than 0.5 kilogram, and after date is adjusted downward to 40: 60 (essence: thick) gradually in the lactation; Simultaneously, every cow head is fed following component every day: sunflower oil 150g, fish oil 150g, linoleic acid 150g, linolenic acid 50g, active yeast powder 50g;
2) daily ration intake: the feed total amount is no more than the 42 kilograms/previous day when the highest, and the early stage dry matter of lactation accounts for more than 3.5% of milk cow body weight, 3%～3.2% of lactation diet dry substance in mid-term percentage of liveweight.
In above-mentioned feeding process, full-fat bean, sunflower oil, fish oil, linoleic acid, linolenic acid etc. can improve the intake of ox to unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), to improve the preceding body burden of the synthetic CLA of Niu Tizhong; Herbage content can improve CLA content in the cow's milk in the raising feed; In order to prevent the cud acidosis, be added with buffer sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate adjusting pH value in the feed in case the cud acidosis; Full-fat bean is expanded, helps accelerating the wherein release of fatty acid in cud; In feed, replenish sodium sulphate, the element sulphur of sodium sulphate can actively participate in protein and lipometabolic redox process, can impel infusorian accelerates multiplication in the cud, also can participate in poisonous phenolic compounds forms conjugates (phenyl-hydrogen-sulfate) and plays detoxication, thereby improve micro-ecological environment in the bovine rumen, promote wherein anaerobism Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens activity, improve the CLA transformation efficiency; In addition, be added with sodium sulphate, sodium Diacetate, urea phosphate in the feed, can improve the milk milk crop.
4, perfusion CLA
After milk cow is with food, perfusion every day of every cow head mixes CLA ((9c, 11t)-CLA and (10t, 12c)-weight ratio of CLA is 1: 1) 200g, perfusion at twice, Vitwas E 1.5g, VC 12g (reductant is provided, reduces the especially oxidation of CLA of unsaturated fatty acid in the body).
To milk through the milk cow that said method is raised, play music when milking, the milk cow mood of releiving, the gained raw material milk is handled according to conventional method, obtains finished milk product.
Gas chromatography analysis method with reference to GB/T17377-1998 animal and plant fat fatty acid methyl ester is measured, and with being converted into fatty acid methyl ester after the fat-extraction in the sample, carries out gas Chromatographic Determination, calculates its result by the peak area normalization method.Gas chromatogram as shown in Figure 1, result such as table 1, show in producing milk (9c, 11t)-CLA and (10t, 12c)-content of two kinds of isomer of CLA is roughly suitable.
CLA gas-chromatography content in table 1 milk
| Peak number | The peak name | Retention time | Peak height | Peak area | Content (mg/g fat) |
| 57 | (9c，11t)-CLA | 64.79 | 1880.99 | 12944.5 | 14.00 |
| 58 | (10t，12c)-CLA | 65.29 | 775.306 | 8200.852 | 9.00 |
In contrast:
Control group 1:, raise by conventional method from 20 of milk family random choose healthy cows.
Control group 2: produce with randomly drawing 20 ox from the inferior pasture of Australia, raise by conventional method.
Invention group: produce with randomly drawing 20 ox from the inferior pasture of Australia, raise with method of the present invention.
Measure the content of protein content in the milk, butterfat percnetage and the CLA of producing, result such as table 2.
Protein content, butterfat percnetage and CLA's contains scale in table 2 milk
| Protein content (%) | Butterfat percnetage (%) | (9c, 11t)-CLA mg/g butterfat | (10t, 12c)-CLA mg/g butterfat | |
| Control group 1 (mean value) | 2.89 | 3.75 | 2.66 | 0.14 |
| Control group 2 (mean value) | 3.65 | 4.62 | 3.91 | 0.91 |
| Invention group (mean value) | 3.68 | 3.40 | 14.00 | 9.00 |
The result shows, adopt the inventive method breeding milk cow, can significantly increase the content of the CLA (CLA) that has good biological function in the milk that produces, the CLA total amount reaches 78.20 (40-80) mg in the 100g milk, be ordinary milk 7-8 doubly, be higher than all like products on the market far away; And, also improved the ratio of various active ingredients in the milk, with better function.
Embodiment 2, the present invention contain the functional experiment of the milk of CLA
One, fat-reducing effect test
CLA milk with embodiment 1 is sample
1.1 experimental animal
Male secondary Kunming small white mouse (the moving word of doctor 01-3001 number), in three weeks of age in days, body weight is 12.7 ± 1.0 grams, 50.Medical experiment zooscopy institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences experimental animal breeding farm provides.It is 50-60% that experimental rat is raised in humidity, and temperature is that 18-22 ℃ of drylot feeding raised in cages under the condition, 4 in every cage, and ad lib standard base pellet is freely drunk water.
1.2 dosage design
This sample human body recommended dose is to restrain/60 kilograms every days 500, and basic, normal, high three dosage groups are not set up in this experiment, only adopt identical absorption dosage, and the blank group is irritated stomach with common sterilization cow's milk.
1.3 giving and sample collection of experiment mice specimen:
Set two groups: test group and control group, 25 every group, every mouse is poured into milk three times every day, and every 8 hours once, each groundwater increment is in 1ml/10g (mouse body weight) ratio.Control group perfusion ordinary milk, test group perfusion specimen (CLA milk).Continous pouring is after three weeks, and mouse is handled in fasting 12 hours, surveys body weight, fat content, protein content.
1.4 instrument
Rigorous analysis balance: MD100-2
Blood fat automatic analyzer: the biochemical fully-automatic analyzer of Beckman CX7 series
Desk-top electronic scale: 100g/0.5g, radio two factories in Hangzhou produce
The multi-functional microscope of binocular: AD150CNE-T661, U.S.'s import
1.5 Data Processing in Experiment:
Carry out the statistical analysis of data with the SPSS10.0 statistical software, every testing index all adopts mean ± standard deviation to represent.Adopt relatively significant difference between each group of one-way analysis of variance, relatively, select the critical value of P＜0.05 between organizing with LSD (least significant difference method) as the inspection statistics significance.Result such as table 2.
Table 2CLA milk group and control group are to the result that influences of mouse fat
| Empirical average body weight g | Fat content % | Protein content % | |
| Control group | 32.4±1.1 | 10.13±0.57 | 17.76±0.30 |
| CLA milk | 32.2±0.8 | 9.54±0.40 | 17.88±0.14 |
(through variance analysis) compared with common sterile milk control group in P＜0.05
The result shows that product of the present invention has the effect of lipopenicillinase.
Two, bone density reinforced effects test
2.1 laboratory animal:
104 of this experimental selection cleaning level female sd inbred rats, body weight is the 180-210 gram, is provided by Department Of Medicine, Peking University's Experimental Animal Center.It is 30-50% that experimental rat is raised in humidity, and temperature 20-25 ℃ of drylot feeding raised in cages under the condition, 4 in every cage, and ad lib standard base pellet is freely drunk water.
2.2 dosage design:
This sample human body recommended dose is to restrain/60 kilograms every days 250, and basic, normal, high three dosage groups are not set up in this experiment, only adopt identical absorption dosage, and the blank group is irritated stomach with common sterilization cow's milk.
2.3 laboratory sample preparation:
Accurately measure 100 milliliters liquid milk, adding distil water is mixed with 200 milliliters of test liquids that are the dosage group.
2.4 giving and sample collection of experimental rat specimen:
With the test experiments liquid of having prepared, irritate stomach according to 20 milliliters/100 gram BW.Once a day, the continuous irrigation stomach is 93 days.Irritate stomach after 93 days, rat is handled in fasting 12 hours, gets rat bilateral femur and shin bone, picks clean attachment, places valve bag respectively, and numbering waits bone density to be determined.
2.5 main experimental instrument and equipment:
Dual intensity X line borne densitometers: EDXA U.S. Norland XR-36 type.Rigorous analysis balance: MD100-2.
2.6 experiment observation index and method:
Femur density and BMC: adopt dual intensity X line borne densitometers.Measure femur distal end, femoral shaft stage casing and three positions of femur proximal part respectively, calculate femur density (g/cm
2) and BMC (g).
2.7 Data Processing in Experiment:
Carry out the statistical analysis of data with the SPSS10.0 statistical software.Every testing index all adopts mean ± standard deviation to represent.Adopt relatively significant difference between each group of one-way analysis of variance, relatively, select the critical value of P＜0.05 between organizing with LSD (least significant difference method) as the inspection statistics significance.Result such as table 3.
Table 3 control group and test liquid are to rat femur density measurement result (g/cm
2)
(through variance analysis) compared with normal sterile milk control group in P＜0.05
The result shows that CLA milk of the present invention has the effect that increases skeleton density.
Three, anticancer effect test
3.1 sample
The CLA milk that is rich in embodiment 1 is sample
3.2 sample
Select 100 of cleaning level female sd inbred rats, body weight is the 180-210 gram.It is 30-50% that experimental rat is raised in humidity, and temperature 20-25 ℃ of drylot feeding raised in cages under the condition, 4 in every cage, and ad lib standard base pellet is freely drunk water.
3.3 dosage design
This sample human body recommended dose is to restrain/60 kilograms every days 250, and basic, normal, high three dosage groups are not set up in this experiment, only adopt identical absorption dosage, and the blank group is irritated stomach with common sterilization cow's milk.
3.4 giving and sample collection of experimental rat specimen:
Set two groups: test group and control group, 50 every group, every rat is poured into milk three times every day, and every 8 hours once, each groundwater increment is in 10ml/100g (mouse body weight) ratio.Control group perfusion ordinary milk, test group perfusion specimen (CLA milk).In the subcutaneous disposable injection of its right side buttocks, set up the rat breast cancer model with the DMBA10mg/100g body weight.Perfusion 25 weeks of experiment (causing dead whole experimental result statistics of including in because of cancer in the experiment).
3.4 the preparation of main agents
DMBA (Switzerland Fluka company product) gets DMBA 1g and adds in the 5ml tween 280, places 60 ℃ of constant water bath box to make it dissolving, adds water for injection to 100ml, and through ultrasonic concussion hydrotropy, final concentration is 10mg/ml.
3.5 detection index
1) time and the tumor promotion rate of tumor of breast appearance: check the situation that each tumor of breast of every rat occurs after the experiment beginning weekly for 2 times, write down the latent period that rat breast tumor brings out.The ratio of every group of tumor-bearing rat number and this group rat sum is the rate of bringing out of this group tumor of breast.
2) histological observation is in the 25th week of experiment, and in 2 weeks of drug withdrawal, the transvaginal plate coating checking turns out to be dioestrus, lose hair or feathers with 8% vulcanized sodium (Na2S) solution, each mammary gland is dissected together with surrounding skin, hypodermis, half-and-half cut mammary gland from pars papillaris and make gross examination of skeletal muscle, counting tumour quantity; With the embedding of getting breast tissue row routine paraffin wax, section, HE dyeing.Breast cancer diagnosis reference experiment rat breast cancer classification diagnosis standard.
3.6 Data Processing in Experiment:
Carry out the statistical analysis of data with the SPSS10.0 statistical software.Every testing index all adopts mean ± standard deviation to represent.Adopt relatively significant difference between each group of one-way analysis of variance, relatively, select the critical value of P＜0.05 between organizing with LSD (least significant difference method) as the inspection statistics significance.Result such as table 4.
Antineoplastic result is organized in table 4 control group and test
| Tumor incidence % | Knurl number/mouse | |
| Control group | 96 | 6.3±0.6 |
| The test group | 90 | 5.2±0.4 |
(through variance analysis) compared with normal sterile milk control group in P＜0.05
The result shows that CLA milk of the present invention has anticancer effect.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method for raising dairy cattle that improves cla levels in the milk is characterized in that:
1) in milk cow lactation period, press concentrated feed: roughage weight ratio 40: 60-60: 40 feed milk cow, and every cow head is fed following component every day: sunflower oil 150-250g, fish oil 150-250g, linoleic acid 50-250g, linolenic acid 20-100g, active yeast powder 20-100g;
The weight percent of described roughage consists of: dark green herbage 50-80%, alfalfa ensilage 5-20%, green hay 10-30%, fibre length≤15cm;
The weight percent of described concentrated feed consists of: corn silage 30-50%, full-fat bean 15-25%, wheat bran 15-25%, bone meal 1-3%, blood meal 1-3%, vitamin 0.5-2%, mineral matter 0.5-2%, fish meal 1-5%, sodium bicarbonate 0.5-2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5-2%, sodium sulphate 0.5-2%, sodium Diacetate 0.1-1%, urea phosphate 0.1-1%;
2) after milk cow is with food, perfusion every day of every cow head mixes CLA 100-250g, Vitwas E 1-2g, vitamin C 10-15g; In the described mixing CLA (9c, 11t)-CLA with (10t, 12c)-weight ratio of CLA is 1: 0.5-2.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the raising dairy cattle process, the cowshed temperature is 10-18 ℃; Employing white fluorescent lamp illumination, make daytime and night in the ratio circulation of 16 hours and 8 hours with increase illumination.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
The weight percent of described concentrated feed consists of: corn silage 43%, full-fat bean 23%, wheat bran 22%, bone meal 2%, blood meal 2%, vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%, fish meal 2.5%, sodium bicarbonate 1.5%, calcium bicarbonate 1%, sodium sulphate 0.5%, sodium Diacetate 0.3%, urea phosphate 0.2%.
4, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the lactational incipient stage of milk cow, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 55: 45; The posterior segment that lactation is early stage, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 60: 40; After date in the lactation, concentrated feed: the roughage weight ratio is 40: 60; Every cow head feeding volume every day is: sunflower oil 150-250g, fish oil 150-250g, linoleic acid 150-250g, linolenic acid 30-80g, active yeast powder 50g.
5, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: perfusion every day of every cow head mixes CLA 150-250g, Vitwas E 1.5g, vitamin C 12g; In the described mixing CLA (9c, 11t)-CLA with (10t, 12c)-weight ratio of CLA is 1: 1～2.
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| JP2017511126A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-04-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ | Pelletized ruminant feed enhanced with ingredients available for rumen |
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| CN101816373A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-01 | 河北省畜牧兽医研究所 | Accurate balancing supplementary feeding method for milking cow applying complete mixing daily ration |
| CN102210285A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Milk-production buffalo feeding method for improving conjugated linoleic acid content in buffalo milk |
| CN104116003A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 菲尼氏（东莞）动物营养有限公司 | Formula and processing technology for ruminant feed |
| CN103609915B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-17 | 吉林农业大学 | Cow feed for increasing healthcare fatty acid and reducing stearic acid in milk and feeding method |
| CN106538857A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-29 | 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所 | A kind of feedstuff buffer agent of ensilage and its preparation method and application |
| CN108244040A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-06 | 九台广源牧业有限公司 | The method for raising dairy cattle of cla levels in a kind of raising milk |
| CN109042491A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-21 | 贵州绿量农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method improving milk production of cow |
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