CN100425928C - Engine driven type air conditioner - Google Patents
Engine driven type air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN100425928C CN100425928C CNB2006100715527A CN200610071552A CN100425928C CN 100425928 C CN100425928 C CN 100425928C CN B2006100715527 A CNB2006100715527 A CN B2006100715527A CN 200610071552 A CN200610071552 A CN 200610071552A CN 100425928 C CN100425928 C CN 100425928C
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- Prior art keywords
- mentioned
- supercooling
- cold
- producing medium
- major loop
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
Abstract
A engine driving-type air conditioner is provided, of which, a bypass for heat exchange in the supercooling heat exchanger is branched from a part positioned at an upstream side of the supercooling heat exchanger. Further a supercooling degree of a refrigerant at an outlet of an outdoor heat exchanger is determined, so that a supercooling expansion valve is controlled to be opened and closed on the basis of the supercooling degree. Hence, to immediately decide refrigerant supply quantity to a supercooling heat exchanger to immediately stabilize a system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engine-driven air conditioning machine.
Background technology
GHP (gas-heating pump) is a kind of air conditioner, and it uses gas engine to carry out air conditioning.Specifically, by gas engine drive the major loop that is connected to cold-producing medium circulation compressor (compressor) so that cold-producing medium in major loop, circulate, and in the indoor heat converter and outdoor heat converter on being installed in this major loop, make the condensation and the evaporation of cold-producing medium, and carry out air conditioning by the moving of heat of following this effect.
Then be elaborated, when heating, the cold-producing medium of discharging from compressor also passes through indoor heat converter (condensation), expansion valve (expansion), outdoor heat converter (evaporation) successively through major loop, return compressor then, but bring into play the condensation of cold-producing medium and produce condensation heat this moment in indoor heat converter, then this condensation heat is fed to indoor heating equipment.On the other hand, when refrigeration, the cold-producing medium of discharging from compressor also passes through outdoor heat converter (condensation), expansion valve, indoor heat converter (evaporation) successively through major loop, return compressor then, but in indoor heat converter, bring into play the evaporation of cold-producing medium this moment, by from around to capture hotwork be heat of evaporation, the cooling cycle confining space will feed to indoor air-cooling system by the cold air that this cooling produces then.
But for when freezing, cold-producing medium fully being evaporated and promote needs to cool off fully the cold-producing medium that imports indoor heat converter by the thermogenetic cooling effect of gasification.For this reason, usually in the following ways, that is: in the outdoor heat converter downstream of major loop the supercooling heat exchanger is set, utilizes this supercooling heat exchanger to come the formation of cooling refrigeration agent fully then.
In patent documentation 1, put down in writing the formation that is provided with fluid storage device (accumulator tank) in the high-pressure refrigerant loop in the air conditioner that has adopted this supercooling heat exchanger, in major loop.According to this patent documentation, by in this fluid storage device, cold-producing medium in the high-pressure refrigerant loop temporarily is separated into cold-producing medium that is rich in the higher boiling cold-producing medium and the cold-producing medium that is rich in low boiling point refrigerant, make cold-producing medium that is rich in low boiling point refrigerant and the cold-producing medium that is rich in the higher boiling cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange then, the cold-producing medium that is rich in low boiling point refrigerant is carried out supercooling.In view of the above, when adopting mix refrigerant as cold-producing medium, the cold-producing medium that is rich in low boiling point refrigerant flows in major loop, so the pressure loss in the major loop is reduced.
Also have, in patent documentation 2, put down in writing the following stated structure, that is: the fluid storage device is not set in high tension loop, utilize hydraulic accumulator that cold-producing medium is carried out gas-liquid separation but be provided with, and the function of regulating the refrigerant amount that flows in the major loop is set in hydraulic accumulator self.According to this formation, can need not in major loop, to be provided with the fluid storage device, need not follow the setting of fluid storage device, increase the loop structure of the addition of cold-producing medium.
Patent documentation 1:JP spy opens flat 10-160267 communique
Patent documentation 2:JP spy opens the 2002-39648 communique
According to the invention of record in patent documentation 2, in the following ways, that is: because the fluid storage device is not set, can save the advantage that adds the refrigerant amount in the major loop in major loop so have.But, the formation of patent documentation 2 has adopted in the heat exchange of supercooling heat exchanger, cold-producing medium is shunted from the supercooling heat exchanger downstream side on the major loop, and make the cold-producing medium of being shunted be imported into the supercooling heat exchanger after in the supercooling expansion valve, expanding, make the cold-producing medium in itself and the major loop carry out heat exchange then.
The reason of gathering overcooled thermal source from the downstream of supercooling heat exchanger can be presumed as follows described, that is: owing to the cold-producing medium via the supercooling heat exchanger almost completely liquefies, therefore, prevent to cause system vibration because of the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium flows into the supercooling expansion valve, and, give full play to supercooling effect to the cold-producing medium in the major loop by making liquefaction, that enthalpy enough reduces fully cold-producing medium and the cold-producing medium in the major loop carry out thermo-contact.
Yet if as described in the patent documentation 2, if form bypass from the downstream branch of supercooling heat exchanger, next the cold-producing medium in the major loop of heat exchange is used as supercooling and uses with cold-producing medium.Carry out open and close controlling owing to consider the supercooling degree that the aperture of supercooling expansion valve is set based on the cold-producing medium in the downstream of the supercooling heat exchanger in major loop, therefore, even set the refrigerant amount that flows through the supercooling heat exchanger at this supercooling expansion valve, also because next the influence of the heat exchange in the supercooling heat exchanger also acts on the downstream cold-producing medium of supercooling heat exchanger, thus, the state variation that causes the cold-producing medium shunted, therefore, need to regulate the refrigerant amount that flows through the supercooling heat exchanger once more.Therefore, it is elongated that the refrigerant amount that is used to flow through the bypass refrigerant of supercooling heat exchanger reaches certain required time, so can produce the problem that can't determine the refrigerant condition in the supercooling heat exchange rapidly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in view of above-mentioned actual conditions, and its technical problem is to study the stream of the cold-producing medium that flows to the supercooling heat exchanger, can promptly determine the quantity delivered to supercooling heat exchanger the supply system cryogen, and promptly make system stabilityization.
For solving the technical scheme 1 described invention that above-mentioned technical problem takes is a kind of engine-driven air conditioning machine, has:
Engine;
Compressor, it possesses the suction inlet of suction cold-producing medium and the outlet of discharging refrigerant, and by above-mentioned motor driven, compression is discharged from the cold-producing medium of above-mentioned suction inlet suction and from above-mentioned outlet;
Major loop, the one end is communicated with the outlet of this compressor, and the other end is communicated with the suction inlet of above-mentioned compressor;
Condenser, it is arranged on the downstream of the outlet that go up, above-mentioned compressor of above-mentioned major loop midway, and the cold-producing medium that is supplied to of condensation;
Evaporimeter, it is arranged on the downstream that go up, above-mentioned condenser of above-mentioned major loop midway and makes the cold-producing medium evaporation that is supplied to; With
The supercooling heat exchanger, be configured on the above-mentioned major loop of upstream side of the downstream that is positioned at above-mentioned condenser and above-mentioned evaporimeter, and the cold-producing medium that passes through carried out supercooling, condenser when refrigeration as outdoor heat converter, evaporimeter when refrigeration as indoor heat converter, described engine-driven air conditioning machine is characterised in that
Possess: the supercooling bypass, it is in part on the above-mentioned major loop, be positioned at the upstream side of above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger when freezing, from above-mentioned major loop branch, via above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger, and in part on the above-mentioned major loop, that when freezing, be positioned at the downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter, with above-mentioned major loop interflow; The supercooling expansion valve, its be installed in this supercooling with bypass go up midway, from the part of above-mentioned major loop branch and the part between the above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger; Supercooling expansion valve controlling organization, it carries out open and close controlling to this supercooling expansion valve; Temperature sensor (217), the downstream when it is arranged on refrigeration on the above-mentioned major loop, above-mentioned outdoor heat converter; And pressure sensor (219), it is arranged on the downstream of the outlet that go up, above-mentioned compressor of above-mentioned major loop midway,
The utilization of above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger is flow through above-mentioned supercooling and is come cool stream to cross the cold-producing medium of above-mentioned primary path with the cold-producing medium of bypass,
Above-mentioned supercooling expansion valve controlling organization carries out open and close controlling based on by the supercooling degree of condensed refrigerant in above-mentioned condenser that obtains from the temperature information of said temperature sensor (217) and condensing pressure information from above-mentioned pressure sensor (219) to above-mentioned supercooling expansion valve.
(effect of invention)
According to technical scheme 1 described invention, supercooling is with the upstream side branch of bypass supercooling heat exchanger from major loop, when refrigeration.In addition, the supercooling degree based on condensed refrigerant in condenser (when freezing is outdoor heat converter) carries out open and close controlling to supercooling with the supercooling expansion valve in the bypass.Therefore,, the supercooling expansion valve can be made as closed state, not carry out supercooling at the supercooling degree of condensed cold-producing medium hour, promptly when condensed cold-producing medium does not fully liquefy.On the other hand, when the supercooling degree of condensed cold-producing medium is big, when condensed cold-producing medium liquefies fully, the supercooling expansion valve is opened, and in the supercooling heat exchanger, carried out heat exchange.By doing like this, can obtain following three kinds of effects.
(1) can prevent to flow into the system vibration that the supercooling expansion valve takes place because of the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium.
(2) state that can fully liquefy at the cold-producing medium of bypass side, promptly carry out heat exchange in the supercooling heat exchanger with the cold-producing medium of high mass flow, and can pay the supercooling effect reliably by the cold-producing medium in major loop.
(3) owing to will use with the cold-producing medium of the cold-producing medium the bypass, so the state of the cold-producing medium of inflow bypass side is not vulnerable to the influence of the open and-shut mode of supercooling expansion valve from the supercooling that the upstream side of the supercooling heat exchanger in when refrigeration has been shunted as the heat exchange that is used for the supercooling heat exchanger.Therefore, can promptly determine cold-producing medium circulation status in the supercooling heat exchange.
In addition, in the invention of technique scheme 1, " based on the supercooling degree of condensed refrigerant in condenser; the supercooling expansion valve is carried out open and close controlling " means when the supercooling expansion valve is carried out open and close controlling, will consider as the factor of open and close controlling by the supercooling degree of condensed refrigerant in above-mentioned condenser.Therefore, after having considered above-mentioned supercooling degree, the result also can carry out open and close controlling to the supercooling expansion valve based on other factor.In the preferred forms of as described later invention, though upper limit calculating supercooling degree meets the supercooling degree among the present invention, even but the result is the factor based on other, the supercooling degree (requirement in Fa Ming the preferred forms calculate supercooling degree) as described later that has for example carried out overcooled cold-producing medium in the supercooling heat exchanger waits the supercooling expansion valve is opened and closed, and also just can't go wrong as long as consider upper limit calculating supercooling degree.Also have, in 1 invention of technique scheme 1, " the supercooling expansion valve is carried out open and close controlling " also comprises the aperture control to the supercooling expansion valve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary pie graph of the engine-driven air conditioning machine in the embodiments of the present invention.
Among the figure, 100: engine-driven air conditioning machine, 200: outdoor unit, 300: indoor unit, 201: engine, 202: compressor, 202a: suction inlet, 202b: outlet, 203: four-way switching valve, 204: outdoor heat converter, 205: cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger, 206: hydraulic accumulator, 207: major loop, 207a: outside first path, 207b: outside alternate path, 207c: outside the 3rd path, 207d: four-way road, outside, 207e: five-way road, outside, 207f: cooling path, 208: the low temperature heating bypass, 209: main electric expansion valve, 210: secondary electric expansion valve, 212: controlling organization, 213: the supercooling heat exchanger, 214: the supercooling bypass, 215: fan, 216: the supercooling expansion valve, 217: temperature sensor, 218: the supercooling temperature sensor, 219: pressure sensor, 220: supercooling expansion valve controlling organization, 301: major loop, 301b: indoor first path, 301c: indoor alternate path, 301d: indoor the 3rd path, 302: indoor heat converter, 303: expansion valve.
The specific embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing, describe with regard to preferred forms of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the summary pie graph of the engine-driven air conditioning machine in this example.In Fig. 1, the engine-driven air conditioning machine 100 in this example is divided into outdoor unit 200 and indoor unit 300 substantially.
In outdoor unit 200, engine 201, compressor 202, four-way switching valve 203, outdoor heat converter 204, hydraulic accumulator 206, the major loop 207 that is communicated with them, cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205, cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 has been installed low temperature heating with bypass 208, supercooling heat exchanger 213, be the main composition factor with bypass 214 with supercooling, and these are housed in the shell (not shown) of off-premises station.
Engine 201 is devices of effect of performance driver, no matter which kind of device all can, but in engine-driven air conditioning machine, the gas engine that general normal use is driven by combustion gas.
Compressor 202 is connected to the output shaft of engine 201 by clutch (not shown), and the driving force that transmits engine 201 is to carry out work.Also have, compressor 202 has and the connector of outside is suction inlet 202a and outlet 202b, suck cold-producing medium by suction inlet 202a, and the cold-producing medium that is sucked is formed high pressure, discharge by the cold-producing medium of outlet 202b high-pressure trend then in inside.In addition, as the form of compressor, no matter which kind of form all can, but normal reciprocating compressor and the scroll compressor of using.Also have, the platform number of compressor can use 1 according to air-conditioning ability and control specification, also can use many.
The outlet 202b of compressor 202 is through the outside first path 207a in the major loop 207 and be communicated to four-way switching valve 203.Four-way switching valve 203 possesses compressor input port 203a, the first output port 203b, the second output port 203c, hydraulic accumulator output port 203d, and be the valve that can switch two states of the following stated, that is: compressor input port 203a is communicated with the first output port 203b, and first state that the second output port 203c is communicated with hydraulic accumulator output port 203d and compressor input port 203a are communicated with the second output port 203c, and second state that is communicated with hydraulic accumulator output port 203d of the first output port 203b.In addition, when four-way switching valve 203 is in above-mentioned first state, carry out indoor heating, carry out indoor refrigeration when being in above-mentioned second state.
The first output port 203b of four-way switching valve 203 is communicated with the outside alternate path 207b of major loop 207.The end of this outside alternate path 207b, 41b is connected with the valve switching mechanism.
The second output port 203c of four-way switching valve 203 is communicated with outside the 3rd path 207c of major loop 207.This outside the 3rd path 207c outdoor heat converter 204, main electric expansion valve 209, supercooling heat exchanger 213 be installed midway, and its end is connected with valve switching mechanism 41c.
Outdoor heat converter 204 is the devices that make inner cold-producing medium of importing and outside air carry out heat exchange, specifically, adopts lamination to be provided with the S shape stream of cold-producing medium circulation and the mode of the tabular plate of the fin that is connected with this S shape stream.Also have, the S shape stream of cold-producing medium circulation enters adjacent plate at the side of each plate, and in view of the above, cold-producing medium flows through the S shape stream in each plate substantially.Also have, cold-producing medium flow through S shape stream in each plate during, the heat of assembling from ambient air passes to cold-producing medium the S shape stream from fin, carries out heat exchange.In addition, in this example, adopted the structure of the four layers of this plate that superpose, and wherein the stream of the most inboard plate is different with the stream that flows through the cold-producing medium in all the other 3 layers, and as radiator performance function.
Also have, as we know from the figure, fan 215 is in abutting connection with outdoor heat converter 204 configurations.3 this fans 215 have been set in this example.By rotation drive fan 215, blow outside air to outdoor heat converter 204, make cold-producing medium that in outdoor heat converter 204, flows and the outside air that blows carry out heat exchange.In addition, in this example, each fan 215 is turned round with different rotation rates.When all fans turn round with identical rotary speed; follow the operation sound etc. of the rotation of fan to empathize through regular meeting; can produce very large great waves sound this moment; if but as this example, make the rotary speed difference of each fan; operation sound just can not empathized, thereby can prevent the generation of above-mentioned great waves sound.Also have, to the independent respectively control rotation of each fan 215, even a fan breaks down, other fan also can rotate.By this control, can avoid the situation that all fans stop the rotation when fault has taken place the rotation control mechanism of fan.Also have, the CD-ROM drive motor as driving each fan adopts the DC motor in this example.
Main electric expansion valve 209 is the valves that can adjust valve opening by electric control, can control flow by the cold-producing medium of outside the 3rd path 207c by the adjustment of valve opening.
Also have, can learn that from figure the outdoor heat converter 204 of outside the 3rd path 207c and the part between the main electric expansion valve 209 are promptly put the part of C, be connected with the end of cooling path 207f.The other end of this cooling path 207f is connected from the position that above-mentioned some C crosses the main electric expansion valve 209 the 3rd path 207c of outside and promptly puts on the D, makes cold-producing medium flow through this cooling path 207f, thus, walks around main electric expansion valve 209.Also have, allow that in the installation midway of cooling path 207f cold-producing medium circulates to a D from a C, a check valve 211 that does not allow cold-producing medium to circulate to a C from a D.Therefore, in cooling path 207f, only circulate from the cold-producing medium of outdoor heat converter 204 sides.
Four-way road, the outside 207d that on the hydraulic accumulator output port 203d of four-way switching valve 203, connects major loop 207.The end of this four-way road, outside 207d enters hydraulic accumulator 206.From five-way road, the outside 207e of hydraulic accumulator 206 connection major loops 207, and this five-way road, outside 207e is connected the suction inlet 202a place of compressor 202.
Also have, as we know from the figure, on the some A of outside the 3rd path 207c, connecting the end of the low temperature heating of the 3rd path 207c branch with bypass 208 from this outside.Be provided with cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 and secondary electric expansion valve 210 at this low temperature heating midway with bypass 208.Also have, low temperature heating collaborates with the other end point B place and four-way road, the outside 207d in the drawings of bypass 208.
Cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 is to make the cooling water of cooled engine 201 and device that the cold-producing medium that flows in bypass 208 at low temperature heating carries out heat exchange, in this example, and the heat-exchangers of the plate type that adopts folding a plurality of tabular flat boards to form.Owing to import the cooling water of this cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 is to have cooled off engine 201 cooling water afterwards, so be heated.Therefore, in cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205, cold-producing medium heats by heated cooling water.
Secondary electric expansion valve 210 is the same with main electric expansion valve, can adjust valve opening by electric control, and can control by the flow of low temperature heating with the cold-producing medium of bypass 208 by the adjustment of valve opening.
Also have, main electric expansion valve 209 is connected electrically in controlling organization 212 with secondary electric expansion valve 210.This controlling organization 212 possesses the function of being set the valve opening of two expansion valves 209,210 by the state of the cold-producing medium that flows in each refrigerant passage and the state of each machine etc.
Also have, on the 3rd path 207c of outside, supercooling heat exchanger 213 is installed.This supercooling heat exchanger 213 is devices of the cold-producing medium among the further cooling chamber outside the 3rd path 207c, by improving the supercooling degree of cold-producing medium herein, the refrigerating efficiency when improving refrigeration.When in addition, this supercooling heat exchanger 213 is configured to import refrigerating operaton in outdoor heat converter 204 condensed refrigerant.That is to say the downstream of the outdoor heat converter 213 when supercooling heat exchanger 213 is arranged on refrigeration.
Also have, the part of the upstream side of the part between the supercooling heat exchanger 213 of outside the 3rd path 207c and some A, the supercooling heat exchanger 213 when just freezing is put the part of E, connects the 3rd path 207c branches out from the outside supercooling with bypass 214.This supercooling is equipped with supercooling expansion valve 216 in the way therein with bypass 214, also the part of the some F on the 207d of four-way road, outside interflow after via supercooling heat exchanger 213.Be installed in supercooling with the supercooling expansion valve 216 in the bypass 214, be electrically connected, supercooling expansion valve 216 is carried out open and close controlling by the instruction of this supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220 with supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220.
Also have, as shown in the figure, the part of outside the 3rd path 207c between outdoor heat converter 204 and some C is equipped with temperature sensor 217.Because temperature sensor 217 is positioned at the downstream of outdoor heat converter 204 when refrigeration, can detect the outlet temperature of outdoor heat converter 204 when freezing.Also have, on the first path 207a of outside, pressure sensor 219 is installed.Because the outside first path 207a, be communicated with the outlet 202b of compressor 202, so can detect discharge pressure from compressor 202 by pressure sensor 219.In addition, because the outside first path 207a is through four-way switching valve 203, outside the 3rd path 207c when refrigeration, pressure sensor 219 is communicated with outdoor heat converter 204, so can also detect the condensing pressure of the cold-producing medium when the condensation that imports outdoor heat converter 204.Also have, the part of outside the 3rd path 207c between supercooling heat exchanger 213 and valve switching mechanism 41c is installed supercooling temperature sensor 218.Because this supercooling temperature sensor 218 time is positioned at the downstream of supercooling heat exchanger 213 in refrigeration, so can detect the outlet temperature of the supercooling heat exchanger 213 when freezing by supercooling temperature sensor 218.
The information that will detect by temperature sensor 217, supercooling temperature sensor 218, with pressure sensor 219 is input to supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220.Also have, supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220 is according to these temperature informations of input, the supercooling degree that pressure information calculates cold-producing medium, and the supercooling degree based on the cold-producing medium that calculates carries out open and close controlling to supercooling expansion valve 216 then.In addition, in this manual, the amount of the degree that the saturated solution temperature (liquid phase on the mollier diagram and gas-liquid mixed mutually between critical-temperature) that " supercooling degree " is meant the pressure of refrigerant temperature under this state point under certain state point departs to liquid side, its unit represents with temperature.Therefore, be illustrated in when the supercooling degree is big under the certain pressure, the temperature of cold-producing medium is lower, enthalpy is lower.
Indoor unit 300 with indoor heat converter 301, expansion valve 302 and the major loop 301 that connects them as the main composition factor.
Major loop 301 in the indoor unit 300 is made of indoor the 3rd path 301d of the indoor first path 301c that is connected valve switching mechanism 41c, the indoor alternate path 301b that is connected valve switching mechanism 41b and inboard first path 301c of communication chamber and indoor alternate path 301b.What indoor the 3rd path 301d need be equal to indoor heat converter is provided with the platform number.For example, if indoor heat converter is 2, then need 2 indoors the 3rd path 301d.
On the 3rd path 301d of indoor, indoor heat converter 302 and expansion valve 303 are installed.Indoor heat converter 302 is to make to be imported into the device that inner cold-producing medium and room air carry out heat exchange, and its concrete structure and outdoor heat converter are similar.Also have, expansion valve 303 is to make the cold-producing medium expansion of flowing through this place and the device that makes its low pressureization by the flow path throttling.
In addition, as seen from the above description, in the part of valve switching mechanism 41b and 41c, the major loop 207 of outdoor unit 200 sides is connected with the major loop 301 of indoor unit 300 sides.In view of the above, compressor 202, outdoor heat converter 204, indoor heat converter 301 and expansion valve 302 connect by each major loop 207,301.
Operation to the engine-driven air conditioning machine in this example in the above-mentioned formation 100 describes.Operation during at first, to heating describes.
(during heating)
If the driving by engine 201 comes drive compression machine 202, then compressor 202 sucks gasiform cold-producing medium from its suction inlet 202a side, compresses in inside, discharges gas shape cold-producing medium under the certain high pressure from outlet 202b then.Enter the compressor input port 203a of four-way switching valve 203 by the outside first path 207a from the cold-producing medium of compressor 202 discharges.Because four-way switching valve 203 is set as above-mentioned first state during heating, is come out from four-way switching valve 203 by the first output port 203b so enter the cold-producing medium of compressor input port 203a, the outside alternate path 207b before flowing through.Also have, at the end of outside alternate path 207b process valve switching mechanism 41b, the first path 301b enters indoor unit 300 by the indoor.
Because the indoor first path 301b in the indoor unit 300, the 3rd path 301d is connected with the indoor, so cold-producing medium can flow into this indoor the 3rd path 301d.The cold-producing medium that flows into indoor the 3rd path 301d also enters indoor heat converter 302.The cold-producing medium that imports indoor heat converter 302 is the gases at high pressure shape cold-producing medium that has carried out compression in compressor 202, and this gas shape cold-producing medium carries out heat exchange, condensation then (liquefaction) at indoor heat converter 302 and ambient air.Because follow the condensation of cold-producing medium, cold-producing medium is discharged condensation heat towards periphery, so ambient air is heated.Like this, when heating, utilize the condensation of the cold-producing medium of building in the indoor heat converter 302 to heat room air, thereby realize indoor heating.
Condensed refrigerant is come out from indoor heat converter 302 with liquid phase state or gas-liquid two-phase state in indoor heat converter 302.Then, cold-producing medium expands in the expansion valve 303 in the downstream that is arranged at indoor heat converter 302 (downstream during heating), thus pressure reduction becoming low pressure refrigerant.Also have, the 3rd path 301d flows to indoor alternate path 301c from the indoor to become the cold-producing medium of low pressure, and the 3rd path 207c enters outdoor unit 200 from the outside through valve switching mechanism 41c.
The cold-producing medium that has entered outside the 3rd path 207c of outdoor unit 200 at first is directed to supercooling heat exchanger 213.But supercooling expansion valve 216 cuts out when heating, does not therefore carry out heat exchange in this supercooling heat exchanger 213, and cold-producing medium only passes through this heat exchanger 213.After this, cold-producing medium branches into the cold-producing medium that flows through outside the 3rd path 207c and flows through the cold-producing medium of low temperature heating with bypass 208 at an A.The cold-producing medium that flows to outside the 3rd path 207c side from an A also enters the main electric expansion valve 209 that is arranged on its downstream (downstream during heating).As mentioned above, this main electric expansion valve 209 moves based on the signal of telecommunication of input, and is the valve that can regulate aperture.Thereby,, regulate refrigerant amount by outside the 3rd path 207c inlet chamber outer heat-exchanger 204 by regulating the aperture of this main electric expansion valve 209.
Gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium via main electric expansion valve 209 inlet chamber outer heat-exchangers 204 carries out heat exchange with outside air in this outdoor heat converter 204, be subjected to the thermal evaporation of outside air.Cold-producing medium utilizes this evaporation and gasifies, and becomes gas refrigerant.Then, leave outdoor heat converter 204.
On the other hand, flow to low temperature heating from an A and enter secondary electric expansion valve 210 with the cold-producing medium of bypass 208 sides.This pair electric expansion valve 210 also situation with main electric expansion valve 209 is identical, is based on signal of telecommunication operation, and can regulates the valve of aperture.Thereby,, regulate and flow through the flow of low temperature heating with the cold-producing medium of bypass 208 by regulating the aperture of this pair electric expansion valve 210.
The cold-producing medium that is conditioned flow in secondary electric expansion valve 210 also enters the cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 that is arranged on its downstream (downstream during heating).In this cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205, cold-producing medium is heated from the cooling water that has cooled off engine, and evaporation.Cold-producing medium utilizes this evaporation and gasifies, and becomes gas refrigerant.Then, leave cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205.
The cold-producing medium that comes from outdoor heat converter 204 enters four-way switching valve 203 by the second output port 203c.As mentioned above, four-way switching valve is set as above-mentioned first state during owing to heating, is come out four-way road, the outside 207d before flowing to from four-way switching valve 203 by hydraulic accumulator output port 203d so entered the cold-producing medium of the second output port 203c.On the other hand, the cold-producing medium that comes from cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205 also via low temperature heating with bypass 208 downstream side (downstream during heating) flow.Low temperature heating collaborates at a B and four-way road, outside 207d with the end in the downstream (downstream during heating) of bypass 208.Therefore, on the part of this B, the cold-producing medium interflow of coming from the cold-producing medium of outdoor heat converter 204 and coming from cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger 205.Also have, the cold-producing medium at interflow also flows to the downstream (downstream during heating) of four-way road, outside 207d, and enters hydraulic accumulator 206.In hydraulic accumulator 206, cold-producing medium is separated into gas phase part and liquid phase part.Also have, in hydraulic accumulator 206, have only gas phase cold-producing medium (gas refrigerant) partly to be inhaled into compressor 202 from the suction inlet 202a of compressor 202.
During heating,, in indoor heat converter 302, produce heat, carry out indoor heating then by repeating above-mentioned circulation.
Work during then, to refrigeration describes.
(during refrigeration)
If the driving by engine 201 comes drive compression machine 20, then compressor 202 sucks gasiform cold-producing medium from its suction inlet 202a side, compresses in inside, will stipulate that then the gas shape cold-producing medium of high pressure is discharged from outlet 202b.Enter the compressor input port 203a of four-way switching valve 203 through outside refrigerant passage 207a from the cold-producing medium of compressor 202 discharges.Because four-way switching valve 203 is arranged on above-mentioned second state during refrigeration, come out from four-way switching valve 203 by the second output port 203c so enter the cold-producing medium of compressor input port 203a, and outside the 3rd path 207c before flowing to.Then, enter the outdoor heat converter 204 that is installed on the 3rd path 207c of outside.The cold-producing medium that imports outdoor heat converter 204 is the gases at high pressure shape cold-producing medium of compression in compressor 202, and this gas shape cold-producing medium carries out heat exchange with outside air in outdoor heat converter 204, and condensation (liquefaction).
Condensed refrigerant is come out from outdoor heat converter 204 with liquid phase state or gas-liquid two-phase state in outdoor heat converter 204.At this, the downstream (downstream during refrigeration) of the outdoor heat converter 204 in the 3rd path 207c of outside is provided with main electric expansion valve 209, but is in buttoned-up status at when refrigeration, this main electric expansion valve 209.Therefore, cold-producing medium begins to flow through cooling path 207f from a C.This cooling path 207f be inserted with check valve 211 midway, but because this check valve 211 is to allow the device that flows to a D from a C, so a cold-producing medium that flows into from a C flows to a D then by check valve.
Begin on a D, to collaborate with outside the 3rd path 207c once more from a C by the cold-producing medium of cooling path 207f.Then, also flow to outside the 3rd path 207c, and be outside the 3rd path 207c and supercooling with bypass 214 in the part top set of an E.The cold-producing medium that flows to outside the 3rd path 207c from the part of an E is directed to supercooling heat exchanger 213 like this.On the other hand, flow to supercooling from the part of an E and expand with the supercooling expansion valve 216 in the bypass 214 by being installed in this supercooling with the cold-producing medium of bypass 214, and by low pressureization.Also have, in supercooling heat exchanger 213, flow through the cold-producing medium of outside the 3rd path 207c and flow through supercooling and carry out heat exchange with the cold-producing medium of bypass 214.At this moment, flow through the cold-producing medium expansion of supercooling owing to utilize supercooling expansion valve 216 to make with bypass 214, compare the cold-producing medium that flows through outside the 3rd path, temperature is lower and pressure is lower, so utilize and to flow through supercooling and make the refrigerant cools that flows through outside the 3rd path 207c with the cold-producing medium of bypass 214, thereby, further cooling.Like this, the cold-producing medium of outside the 3rd path 207c is come out from supercooling heat exchanger 213 by after the supercooling.The cold-producing medium that comes from supercooling heat exchanger 213 is through valve switching mechanism 41c, and alternate path 301c enters indoor unit 300 by the indoor.
The cold-producing medium that enters indoor unit 300 is also from indoor alternate path 301c and then flow to indoor the 3rd path 301d, and arrives the expansion valve 303 that is installed on the 3rd path 301d of this indoor.In this expansion valve 303, cold-producing medium expands and becomes low pressure.The cold-producing medium that is converted into low pressure in expansion valve 303 also arrives the indoor heat converter 302 that is arranged on its downstream (downstream during refrigeration) side.
The gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium that imports indoor heat converter 302 carries out heat exchange with room air in this indoor heat converter 302, be subjected to the heat of outside air and evaporate.Cold-producing medium utilizes this evaporation and gasifies.The heat of gasification of cold-producing medium by this moment be from extract heat on every side, the cooling ambient air.Like this, the cooling room air is built refrigeration.
The cold-producing medium of evaporation also flows to the indoor first path 301b of its downstream (downstream during refrigeration) side in indoor heat converter 302, enters outdoor unit 200 via valve switching mechanism 41b and by outside alternate path 207b.Cold-producing medium also flows through this outside alternate path 207b, enters four-way switching valve 203 by the first output port 203b.As mentioned above, four-way switching valve is arranged on above-mentioned second state during owing to refrigeration, come out from four-way switching valve 203 by hydraulic accumulator output port 203d so enter the cold-producing medium of the first output port 203b, and four-way road, the outside 207d before flowing to.Because this four-way road, outside 207d collaborates with bypass 214 at a F and supercooling, so flow through the cold-producing medium of this supercooling with bypass 214, collaborates on a F with the cold-producing medium that flows through four-way road, outside 207d, after this enters hydraulic accumulator 206.In hydraulic accumulator 206, cold-producing medium is separated into gas phase part and liquid phase part.Also have, in hydraulic accumulator 206, have only gas phase cold-producing medium (gas refrigerant) partly to be inhaled into compressor 202 from the suction inlet 202a of compressor 202.
During refrigeration, by repeating above-mentioned circulation, in indoor heat converter, heat absorption is freezed to indoor.
In addition, when refrigeration, as mentioned above, utilize the cold-producing medium in 213 pairs of major loops of supercooling heat exchanger to carry out supercooling, still, regulate to the refrigerant amount of supercooling with bypass 214 side flow by the aperture of supercooling expansion valve 216.Control the aperture of supercooling expansion valve 216 by controlling organization 220.In this example, import respectively from the temperature information of the temperature sensor 217 in the downstream that is arranged on outdoor heat converter 204 (downstream during refrigeration) and pressure sensor 219 and condensing pressure information, from the supercooling temperature information of the supercooling temperature sensor 218 of the outlet side that is arranged on supercooling heat exchanger 213 (downstream during refrigeration) to supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220.Also have, supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220 is set the aperture of following 2 supercooling expansion valves based on these information.
(1) requires the setting of aperture
At first, by from the supercooling temperature information of supercooling temperature sensor 218 with from the condensing pressure information of pressure sensor 219, calculate the supercooling degree (requiring to calculate the supercooling degree) of the cold-producing medium of the outlet that is positioned at supercooling heat exchanger 213.Also have, preestablish the desired value (requiring target supercooling degree) of the supercooling degree of supercooling heat exchanger 213 outlets.In addition, this requires target supercooling degree to set and can remedy the supercooling degree that the build-up of pressure loss increases and refrigerating capacity reduces owing to for example constitute the duct length of major loop just.For example, can will require target supercooling degree to be set at 25 ℃.Also have, calculate the supercooling degree and require target supercooling degree to compare requiring, comparative result is set the aperture that requires of supercooling expansion valve 216 thus then.Specifically, when requiring to calculate supercooling degree ratio and require target supercooling degree big, reduce requiring aperture, on the other hand, require target supercooling degree hour requiring to calculate supercooling degree ratio, increase and require aperture.In addition, in the setting that requires aperture, in order to prevent the vibration of supercooling expansion valve, the Temperature Insensitive district that target supercooling degree also can be set sets aperture.
(2) setting of upper limit aperture
At first, by from the temperature information of temperature sensor 217 and supercooling degree (upper limit is calculated the supercooling degree) from the cold-producing medium of condensing pressure information calculations in the outlet of outdoor heat converter 204 of pressure sensor 219.Also have, preestablish the desired value (upper limit target supercooling degree) of the supercooling degree of the cold-producing medium in the outlet of outdoor heat converter 204.In addition, this upper limit target supercooling degree can be set the supercooling degree under the state that the cold-producing medium that leaves outdoor heat converter 204 liquefies fully.At this moment, if the supercooling degree is a positive number, just shows liquefaction fully, but can for example upper limit target supercooling degree be set at 4 ℃ as required.Also have, upper limit calculating supercooling degree and upper limit target supercooling degree are compared, set the upper limit aperture of supercooling expansion valve 216 then by comparative result.Specifically, calculate the supercooling degree when bigger, increase upper limit aperture, on the other hand, calculate the supercooling degree than upper limit target supercooling degree hour, reduce upper limit aperture in the upper limit than upper limit target supercooling degree in the upper limit.In addition, in the setting of upper limit aperture, in order to prevent the vibration of supercooling expansion valve, the Temperature Insensitive district that upper limit target supercooling degree also can be set sets aperture.
As mentioned above, set and require aperture and upper limit aperture, then require aperture and upper limit aperture to compare, then with the aperture of a less side as the supercooling expansion valve to this.Also have, supercooling expansion valve controlling organization 220 sends the control instruction that supercooling expansion valve 216 is made as this aperture to supercooling expansion valve 216, and supercooling expansion valve 216 is set as the aperture that this instruction is determined.
Like this, by control supercooling expansion valve 216, can prevent that the cold-producing medium liquefaction in the export department of outdoor heat converter 204 from not exclusively causing system's instability, and, can not sacrifice the situation that prevents to cause the refrigerating capacity reduction under the controlled prerequisite of supercooling expansion valve 216 owing to the factors such as length of pipeline.Also have, as can be seen from Figure 1, owing to make supercooling with the bypass downstream when supercooling heat exchanger 213 refrigeration not, but walk around from the upstream side in when refrigeration, so can not change because of the state of the cold-producing medium that causes the bypass side with the heat exchange of supercooling heat exchanger 213, the state of cold-producing medium can be determined rapidly, the stability of system can be more helped.
Claims (6)
1. engine-driven air conditioning machine possesses:
Engine;
Compressor, it possesses the suction inlet of suction cold-producing medium and the outlet of discharging refrigerant, and by above-mentioned motor driven, compression is discharged from the cold-producing medium of above-mentioned suction inlet suction and from above-mentioned outlet;
Major loop, the one end is communicated with the outlet of this compressor, and the other end is communicated with the suction inlet of above-mentioned compressor;
Condenser, it is arranged on the downstream of the outlet that go up, above-mentioned compressor of above-mentioned major loop midway, and the cold-producing medium that is supplied to of condensation;
Evaporimeter, it is arranged on the downstream that go up, above-mentioned condenser of above-mentioned major loop midway and makes the cold-producing medium evaporation that is supplied to; With
The supercooling heat exchanger is configured on the above-mentioned major loop of upstream side of the downstream that is positioned at above-mentioned condenser and above-mentioned evaporimeter, and the cold-producing medium that passes through is carried out supercooling,
Condenser when refrigeration as outdoor heat converter, as indoor heat converter, described engine-driven air conditioning machine is characterised in that evaporimeter when refrigeration,
Possess: the supercooling bypass, it is in part on the above-mentioned major loop, be positioned at the upstream side of above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger when freezing, from above-mentioned major loop branch, via above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger, and in part on the above-mentioned major loop, that when freezing, be positioned at the downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter, with above-mentioned major loop interflow; The supercooling expansion valve, its be installed in this supercooling with bypass go up midway, from the part of above-mentioned major loop branch and the part between the above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger; Supercooling expansion valve controlling organization, it carries out open and close controlling to this supercooling expansion valve; Temperature sensor (217), the downstream when it is arranged on refrigeration on the above-mentioned major loop, above-mentioned outdoor heat converter; And pressure sensor (219), it is arranged on the downstream of the outlet that go up, above-mentioned compressor of above-mentioned major loop midway, and the utilization of above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger is flow through above-mentioned supercooling and is come cool stream to cross the cold-producing medium of above-mentioned primary path with the cold-producing medium of bypass,
Above-mentioned supercooling expansion valve controlling organization carries out open and close controlling based on by the supercooling degree of condensed refrigerant in above-mentioned condenser that obtains from the temperature information of said temperature sensor (217) and condensing pressure information from above-mentioned pressure sensor (219) to above-mentioned supercooling expansion valve.
2. engine-driven air conditioning machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Also at the above-mentioned cold-producing medium upstream side of the above-mentioned suction inlet of above-mentioned compressor, the hydraulic accumulator that above-mentioned cold-producing medium is carried out gas-liquid separation is set, the time is positioned at the above-mentioned major loop of part in downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter and above-mentioned supercooling is positioned at above-mentioned hydraulic accumulator with the junction of two streams of bypass upstream side in refrigeration.
3. engine-driven air conditioning machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Also be provided with: low temperature heating bypass (208), its above-mentioned major loop from the above-mentioned major loop, between above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger and the above-mentioned outdoor heat converter branch, via cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger (205), the part that is positioned at the downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter when refrigeration is collaborated with above-mentioned major loop; With
Cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger (205), its make the cooling water of above-mentioned engine and the above-mentioned low temperature heating of flowing through with carrying out heat exchange between the cold-producing medium of bypass.
4. engine-driven air conditioning machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned low temperature heating the time is positioned at the junction of two streams (B) at part and above-mentioned major loop interflow in the downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter with bypass in refrigeration, compare the junction of two streams (F) of above-mentioned major loop and the bypass of above-mentioned supercooling usefulness of part that the time is positioned at the downstream of above-mentioned indoor heat converter in refrigeration, cold-producing medium upstream side when being arranged on refrigeration and heating.
5. engine-driven air conditioning machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned low temperature heating is with the branch point of bypass from the above-mentioned major loop branch between above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger and the above-mentioned outdoor heat converter, compare above-mentioned supercooling and the time be positioned at the part of upstream side of above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger from the branch point (E) of above-mentioned major loop branch, cold-producing medium upstream side when being positioned at refrigeration in refrigeration with bypass.
6. engine-driven air conditioning machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned low temperature heating is provided with main expansion valve (209) with bypass from the branch point and the above-mentioned major loop between the above-mentioned outdoor heat converter of the above-mentioned major loop branch between above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger and the above-mentioned outdoor heat converter, and above-mentioned low temperature heating is provided with secondary expansion valve (210) from the branch point (A) of the above-mentioned major loop branch between above-mentioned supercooling heat exchanger and the above-mentioned outdoor heat converter and the above-mentioned low temperature heating between above-mentioned cold-producing medium-cooling water heat exchanger (205) with bypass with bypass.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005090986A JP4696634B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2005-03-28 | Engine driven air conditioner |
| JP2005090986 | 2005-03-28 | ||
| JP2005-090986 | 2005-03-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1840989A CN1840989A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| CN100425928C true CN100425928C (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100715527A Expired - Fee Related CN100425928C (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Engine driven type air conditioner |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4696634B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100707607B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100425928C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5452138B2 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-03-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration air conditioner |
| JP5708421B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-04-30 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
| KR101443645B1 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-09-23 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Air conditoner for electric vehicle |
| JP5987479B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Heat pump air conditioner |
| JP6484067B2 (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2019-03-13 | 東プレ株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment and freezer |
| JP6819407B2 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-01-27 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Engine driven air conditioner |
| KR101969093B1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-15 | 국방과학연구소 | Thermostat and cooling system using phase change |
| JP7085079B1 (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Compressor unit |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1840989A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| KR20060104931A (en) | 2006-10-09 |
| KR100707607B1 (en) | 2007-04-13 |
| JP4696634B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
| JP2006275314A (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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