CN100412336C - 生产蝶形阀的方法 - Google Patents

生产蝶形阀的方法 Download PDF

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CN100412336C
CN100412336C CNB2004100797848A CN200410079784A CN100412336C CN 100412336 C CN100412336 C CN 100412336C CN B2004100797848 A CNB2004100797848 A CN B2004100797848A CN 200410079784 A CN200410079784 A CN 200410079784A CN 100412336 C CN100412336 C CN 100412336C
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axle
lid
stator
position transducer
rotor
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CN1619123A (zh
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罗伯托·皮乔蒂
克劳迪奥·福尼
罗伯托·萨波里蒂
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Marelli Europe SpA
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    • F02D41/2406Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
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    • F02D11/06Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
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    • F02D9/08Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F02D9/10Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
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    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
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    • G01D5/2006Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/2013Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
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    • F02D9/02Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0261Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof having a specially shaped transmission member, e.g. a cam, specially toothed gears, with a clutch
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    • F02D2009/0201Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0269Throttle closing springs; Acting of throttle closing springs on the throttle shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D2009/0201Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
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    • F02D2009/0201Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
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    • F02D2250/16End position calibration, i.e. calculation or measurement of actuator end positions, e.g. for throttle or its driving actuator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
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Abstract

生产蝶形阀的方法,蝶形阀包括阀体、阀座及锁于轴上的蝶形盘,轴耦连于“非接触”式感应式位置传感器,位置传感器的转子与轴固定并置于阀体腔室内,其定子由用于闭合腔室的盖体支承并设置为工作时面向转子,该方法包括将转子耦连至轴、将定子安装于盖体、完成蝶形阀其余加工操作、将盖体耦连于阀体以几乎永久的方式闭合腔室、以及通过按预定位置顺序放置轴而对位置传感器进行校准。其中,轴的第一端部置于腔室内并耦连于位置传感器的转子,与第一端部相对的轴的第二端部置于阀体的圆柱形通道中,该通道可从阀体的外部进入,在位置传感器的校准步骤,外部校准致动器耦连于轴以便按预定位置顺序放置轴。本发明的方法实施简单、经济。

Description

生产蝶形阀的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产用于内燃机的带有非接触式感应传感器的电子控制的蝶形阀的方法。
背景技术
汽油驱动内燃机通常具有调控供给气缸气流的蝶形阀。通常,所述蝶形阀包括一阀体,容置一通过一蝶形盘接合的阀座,该蝶形盘键锁于一轴上,以在通过齿轮传动机构连接于所述轴的电动机作用下在开启位置和闭合位置之间旋转。带有蝶形阀的轴与一适用于检测所述轴及相应蝶形阀角位置的位置传感器相关联,使一控制单元能通过反馈控制决定蝶形阀位置的电动机。
位置传感器包括一个安装于轴上的转子和一个在工作时面向转子并适用于检测转子角位置的定子;所述位置传感器可以是“接触”式的(通常由电位计构成),即,在转子和定子之间存在机械连接,或者是“非接触”式的,即,位置传感器的转子和定子之间没有机械连接。美国专利说明书6 236 199-B1公开了一种通常用于检测电子控制的蝶形阀轴之角位置的“非接触”式感应式位置传感器。
使用“非接触”式的感应式位置传感器检测电子控制的蝶形阀轴的角位置近年来已经成为优选,因为这种传感器可以确保更高的精度、更快的读取速度,且尤其与过去广泛使用的基于电位计的“接触”式传感器相比较具有随时间恒定的读取精度。传统的生产蝶形阀的方法可参见美国专利第6,244,565 B1。不过,在某些情况下已经观察到,一旦蝶形阀生产完成,感应式位置传感器的性能基本上低于其标称性能,即使位置传感器没有明显的构造缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生产用于内燃机的带有“非接触”式感应传感器的电子控制蝶形阀的方法,其可避免上述缺陷而且实施简单、经济。
因此本发明涉及一种生产一蝶形阀的方法,所述蝶形阀包括一阀体,容置一通过一锁于一轴上的蝶形盘所接合的阀座,以在电动机作用下旋转,所述轴耦连于一“非接触”式的感应式位置传感器,所述传感器具有一个转子和一个定子,所述转子相对所述轴固定并且置于阀体的一腔室内,所述定子由适于关闭腔室的可分离盖体支承并且设置为工作时面向转子,所述方法的特征在于,其包括以下步骤,将转子耦连至轴,将定子安装于盖体,完成蝶形阀其余的加工操作,将盖体耦连于阀体以几乎永久的方式关闭所述腔室,以及通过按一预定位置顺序放置轴而实现位置传感器的校准。其中,所述轴的一第一端部置于所述腔室内,并耦连于所述位置传感器的转子,与第一端部相对的所述轴的一第二端部置于所述阀体的一圆柱形通道中,该通道可从所述阀体的外部进入,在所述位置传感器的校准步骤,一外部校准致动器耦连于所述轴以便就轴的第二端部按预定位置顺序放置轴。本发明的生产蝶形阀的方法实施简单、经济。
附图说明
下面结合示出本发明非限制性实施方式的附图,对本发明进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的方法制成的电子控制蝶形阀的部分分解的立体视图,为清楚起见移去了一些部件;
图2是图1中蝶形阀的阀体腔室主视示意图;
图3用于闭合图2腔室的盖体的立体示意图;
图4是图3盖体的另一个立体视图;
图5是图1蝶形阀的双弹簧的立体视图;
图6是图5双弹簧的侧视图;
图7是图5双弹簧的主视图。
具体实施方式
图1中,一用于内燃机(未图示)的电子控制蝶形阀整体以1标示;蝶形阀1包括一容置有电动机3(示于图2)的金属阀体2、一阀座4和一蝶形盘5(示意性的以虚线示出),蝶形盘5接合阀座4并在电动机3的作用下在开启位置和闭合位置之间移动。蝶形盘5键锁于一具有纵向轴7的金属轴6上,以在电动机3的作用下在开启位置和闭合位置之间转动,该电动机3通过一齿轮传动机构8(如图2所示)连接于轴6。
如图2所示,电动机3具有一圆柱本体,该本体放置在与阀座4并排设置的管状外壳9(如图1所示)内,并通过一金属板10保持在管状外壳9内的一预定位置;所述金属板10包括一对母电连接器11,后者电连接于电动机3并适用于与一对相应的公电连接器12(如图1和3所示)接合。为确保电动机3正确安装于阀体2,所述板10有三个径向钻孔凸起13,用于紧固阀体2的相应螺钉14从中插入。
电动机3包括一连接于一齿轮16的轴15,该齿轮16通过一空转齿轮17机械连接于轴6,齿轮17放于齿轮16和锁于轴6的末级齿轮18之间。齿轮17包括耦连于齿轮16的第一组齿19以及耦连于末级齿轮18的第二组齿20;第一组齿19的直径不同于第二组齿20的直径,从而齿形轮17具有一个非单一式传动比。末级齿轮18通过锁于轴6的一实心的中心圆柱本体21形成,并具有一圆形冠状部分22,该冠状部分22上设有一组耦连于齿轮18的齿。整个齿轮传动机构8,即齿轮16、齿轮17和末级齿轮18通常由塑性材料制成。
齿轮传动机构8和板10置于由塑性材料制成的可分离盖体24(如图1和3所示)所闭合的阀体2的腔室23内。
如图2和3所示,蝶形阀1包括一“非接触”式的感应式位置传感器25,该位置传感器25耦连于轴6并适用于检测轴6的角位置及蝶形盘5的角位置,以能够以反馈方式控制蝶形盘5的位置。位置传感器25是美国专利说明书6 236 199-B1公开的类型,包括一个固定于轴6的转子26和一个定子27,定子27由盖体24支承并设置为工作时面向转子26;转子26由一平面金属线圈28形成,金属线圈28以短路方式闭合,包括一系列凸耳29并嵌在末级齿轮18的中心圆柱本体21内。金属线圈28优选地嵌于末级齿轮18的中心圆柱本体21中,这样线圈28对着定子27的表面与圆柱本体21的外表面基本共面。根据一不同的实施方式(未图示),金属线圈28完全嵌于末级齿轮18的中心圆柱本体21中。
位置传感器25的定子27包括一通过四个塑性铆钉32连接于盖体24内壁31的支撑基体30。所述支撑基体30具有一个根据转子26的位置用来提供读取信号的读取装置33,以及一个用于对读取装置33提供的读取信号进行线性化处理的滤波装置34。所述滤波装置34具体包括一个存储器,用于为每个读取信号的值存储对应的已线性化的值。根据一优选实施方式,位置传感器25的定子27设置有一对读取装置33以及一对相应的滤波装置34;来自两读取装置33的读取信号显示随位置传感器25转子26运动的反号(opposite sign)的波动,这样以使两个读取装置33所读取信号之和恒定。
在位置传感器25的定子27的位置,盖体24有一中凹部分35,以使定子27距离盖体24的外表面35至少8-10mm;定子27与外表面35的间隔应确保在相应的内燃机(未图示)内安装了该蝶形阀1之后,任何金属体不管是不是偶然决不能距离传感器25过近定位而产生对转子26的位置读取的干扰。
根据一优选实施方式,轴6的一端部37置于腔室23内部并耦连于位置传感器25的转子26,且与端部37相对的轴6的端部38置于阀体2的圆柱形通道39中,可从该阀体2的外部接近;轴6的端部38构形为可机械耦连于一外部校准致动器(未图示)的轴上,这样使得不使用电动机3以一预定位置顺序放置轴6以及蝶形盘5成为可能。
当生产蝶形阀1时,位置传感器25的转子26耦连于轴6,位置传感器25的定子27安装于盖体24,完成蝶形阀1的其余加工,盖体24最后耦连于阀体2以几乎永久的方式闭合腔室23,即盖体24只有在蝶形阀1进行检测或出故障时才将盖体24从腔室23移去。当盖体24耦连于阀体2时,由盖体24支承的公电连接器12插入相应的母电连接器11中,与电动机3电连接。
一旦盖体24耦连于阀体2以几乎永久的方式闭合腔室23,通过借助于外部校准致动器(未图示)将轴6以一预定位置顺序进行放置,对位置传感器25进行校准,作为最终操作。位置传感器25的校准阶段包括通过写入滤波装置34的存储器的内容设置滤波装置34;换句话说,当轴6通过外部致动器(未图示)放置于一预定位置时,写入滤波装置34的存储器的内容,这样使已线性化的读取信号等于一预先公知的且与轴6的预定位置相对应的预定值。
根据相应附图所示的一优选实施方式,盖体24设置有母电连接器40,每个连接器40包括一系列六个电触点(未详细图示):两个电触点连接于公电连接器12,适用于供应电动机3,而其他四个电触点连接于位置传感器25的定子27,以用于电源电压、电接地以及两个来自两读取装置33的已线性化的读取信号。当盖体24设置为接触阀体2以闭合腔室23时,母电连接器40放置于电动机3的管状外壳9上。应该注意的是,蝶形阀1操作所需所有电连接都通向母电连接器40会导致这样一个结果,即母电连接器40是蝶形阀1和内燃机的电子控制单元(未图示)之间唯一的电连接点。
盖体24耦连于阀体2以闭合腔室23还使得电动机3和母电连接器40之间电连接,这是因为当盖体24与阀体2耦连时,由盖体24支承的公电连接器12将插入相应的电连接于电动机3的母电连接器11。
各种实验测试已经表明,一旦盖体24以永久方式耦连于阀体2,位置传感器25的校准可几乎总是确保位置传感器25的实际性能与该位置传感器25的标称性能相一致;这是因为,一旦盖体24以永久方式耦连于阀体2,位置传感器25的校准可以补偿位置传感器25在蝶形阀1的安装过程中可能产生的所有误差。
根据图5、6和7详细所示的优选实施方式,轴6耦连于一双弹簧41,该双弹簧41具有一前部预加载弹簧42和一后部预加载弹簧44,前部预加载弹簧42设有与齿轮18机械连接(因此连接于轴6)的第一突出部43,后部预加载弹簧44设有与阀体2机械连接的突出部45。前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44通过一弧形元件46连接到一起,工作时,该弧形元件46通常在支点处紧靠一支座体47支承。
前部弹簧42趋于沿顺时针方向旋转轴6,伴随有一个趋向于将蝶形盘5带到入闭合位置的运动,而后部弹簧44趋于沿逆时针方向旋转轴6,伴随有一个趋向于将蝶形盘5带入开启位置的运动;前部弹簧42产生的弹性扭矩小于后部弹簧44产生的弹性扭矩,其结果是,整体上,双弹簧41趋向于沿逆时针方向旋转轴6至开启位置。在双弹簧41的作用下,轴6的逆时针旋转(即向开启位置)由于支座体47的存在而受到阻挡,该支座体47形成一支撑面使得弧形元件46停靠于此;这样,不需要电动机3的作用,双弹簧41可以将轴6(因此蝶形盘5)带至部分开启或惰行复位(limp-home)位置。
当电动机3致动时,电动机3产生的驱动扭矩能够对抗后部弹簧44产生的弹性扭矩将轴6(因此蝶形盘5)旋转至完全闭合位置,并能够对抗前部弹簧42产生的弹性扭矩将轴6(因此蝶形盘5)旋转至完全开启位置。
如图7所示,前部弹簧42的直径小于后部弹簧44,在不工作状态,即双弹簧41没有插入阀体2时,前部弹簧42与后部弹簧44并不同轴;换句话说,当双弹簧41不受外部作用时,前部弹簧42的轴线48并不与后部弹簧44的轴线49对正。计算前部弹簧42相对于后部弹簧44的偏心距,以使一旦双弹簧41如上所述插入阀体2时,偏心距可以消除且前部弹簧42的轴线48与后部弹簧44的轴线49对正;换句话说,当双弹簧41插入阀体2而对前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44进行预加载时,施加于其上的机械作用使得双弹簧41变形,消除前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44之间的偏心距。
确保工作时,即双弹簧41插入阀体2时,前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44彼此同轴可以确保双弹簧41的最佳工作状况,这是因为它确保避免前部弹簧42和/或后部弹簧44与阀体2的内壁之间的任何摩擦。实际的实验测试已经表明,如果前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44在不工作状态时彼此同轴,则一旦阀体2安装,前部弹簧42和后部弹簧44相对彼此是偏心的,在前部弹簧42和/或后部弹簧44与阀体2的内壁之间可能出现摩擦。

Claims (12)

1. 一种生产一蝶形阀(1)的方法,所述蝶形阀(1)包括一个阀体(2),所述阀体(2)容置有一个由锁于一轴(6)的蝶形盘(5)所接合的阀座(4),而在一电动机(3)的作用下旋转,所述轴(6)耦连于一“非接触”式感应式位置传感器(25),所述位置传感器(25)具有一个转子(26)和一个定子(27),所述转子(26)与轴(6)固定并置于阀体(2)的一腔室(23)内,所述定子(27)由适用于闭合腔室(23)的可分离盖体(24)支承并设置为工作时面向转子(26),所述方法包括以下步骤:
将转子(26)耦连至轴(6),
将定子(27)安装于盖体(24),
完成蝶形阀(1)的其余加工操作,
将盖体(24)耦连于阀体(2)以几乎永久的方式闭合腔室(23),以及
通过按预定位置顺序放置轴(6)而实现位置传感器(25)的校准;
所述方法的特征在于:所述轴(6)的一第一端部(37)置于所述腔室(23)内,并耦连于所述位置传感器(25)的转子(26),与第一端部(37)相对的所述轴(6)的一第二端部(38)置于所述阀体(2)的一圆柱形通道(39)中,该通道可从所述阀体(2)的外部进入,其中,在所述位置传感器(25)的校准步骤,一外部校准致动器耦连于所述轴(6)以便就轴(6)的第二端部(38)按预定位置顺序放置轴(6)。
2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述轴(6)第二端部(38)的形状为可与所述外部校准致动器的另一轴(6)机械耦连。
3. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述位置传感器(25)的定子(27)设有至少一个适用于根据转子(26)的位置提供一读取信号的读取装置(33),以及一个对所述读取装置(33)提供的读取信号进行线性化处理的滤波装置(34),对所述位置传感器(25)校准的步骤包括设置滤波装置(34)。
4. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述滤波装置(34)包括一个存储器,所述存储器为每个所述读取信号存储对应的已线性化的值,对所述位置传感器(25)校准的步骤包括写入滤波装置(34)存储器的内容。
5. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述位置传感器(25)的定子(27)设有另一个可根据转子(26)的位置提供一读取信号的读取装置(33),以及另一个对所述另一个读取装置(33)提供的读取信号进行线性化处理的滤波装置(34),来自两个所述读取装置(33)的读取信号示出随位置传感器(25)转子(26)的运动反号的波动,使两个读取装置(33)的读取信号之和恒定。
6. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电动机(3)通过一齿轮传动机构(8)耦连至所述轴(6),所述齿轮传动机构(8)容置于所述腔室(23)内,并结束于一锁于轴(6)上并支撑所述位置传感器(25)的转子(26)的末级齿轮(18)。
7. 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述位置传感器(25)的转子(26)包括一个平面金属线圈,所述平面金属线圈以短路方式闭合,包括一系列凸耳(29)并且至少部分嵌在所述末级齿轮(18)中,所述金属线圈(28)具有一个面向所述位置传感器(25)的定子(27)的表面,该表面与所述末级齿轮(18)的外表面基本共面。
8. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖体(24)由塑性材料制成,并且在所述位置传感器(25)定子(27)的位置,包括一个中凹部分(35),以使所述定子(27)距离所述盖体(24)的外表面(36)至少8mm。
9. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖体(24)由塑性材料制成,并且在所述位置传感器(25)定子(27)的位置,包括一个中凹部分(35),以使所述定子(27)距离所述盖体(24)的外表面(36)至少10mm。
10. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖体(24)耦连于所述阀体(2)以闭合所述腔室(23),也使所述电动机(3)和一母电连接器(40)之间电连接,所述母电连接器(40)由盖体(24)支承并且提供所述蝶形阀(1)工作所需的所有电连接。
11. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电动机(3)包括一对置于所述腔室(23)内的母电连接器(11),所述盖体(24)包括一对从所述盖体(24)凸出的公电连接器(12),当所述盖体(24)耦连于所述阀体(2)时所述公电连接器(12)插入电动机(3)的相应母电连接器(11)。
12. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖体(24)的母电连接器(40)包括一组六个电触点,两个电触点连接于所述公电连接器(12)适用于提供给电动机(3),而其他四个电触点连接于所述位置传感器(25)的定子(27)。
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