CN100400580C - 一种聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN100400580C
CN100400580C CNB2005100200916A CN200510020091A CN100400580C CN 100400580 C CN100400580 C CN 100400580C CN B2005100200916 A CNB2005100200916 A CN B2005100200916A CN 200510020091 A CN200510020091 A CN 200510020091A CN 100400580 C CN100400580 C CN 100400580C
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polyelectrolyte
polysaccharose
sodium alginate
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CN1793209A (zh
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杜予民
施晓文
汤玉峰
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于药物载体的聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法。该聚电解质多糖纳米粒子由壳聚糖季铵盐和海藻酸钠通过静电作用生成,其制备方法是将海藻酸钠以一定浓度溶解于蒸馏水中,在室温搅拌条件下加入一定浓度的氯化钙溶液,再加入壳聚糖季铵盐水溶液通过静电作用生成纳米粒子,高速离心分离,冷冻干燥,获得直径在150-300nm的纳米粒子。此纳米粒子具有pH值敏感性,可适用于包封各种药物,中性条件下制备纳米粒子可避免有机溶剂的副作用,尤其适合于敏感大分子如蛋白质类药物的口服运载。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型药,BSA的载药量可达30%,在pH 1.2的盐酸溶液中释放仅为8%,而pH 7.4的PBS中释放达到81%。

Description

一种聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型药物载体聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法。
背景技术
壳聚糖由于其粘附性高,生物相容性好,无毒无副作用,被广泛用于药物载体和医用辅助材料。壳聚糖在pH 7.4的肠道中不溶于水,药物的促渗作用显著降低。壳聚糖季铵盐是壳聚糖的衍生物,可由壳聚糖和环氧丙烷-三甲基-氯化铵反应制备。有研究表明:壳聚糖季铵盐具有多粘性,可增强胃肠粘膜的渗透性和吸收性。海藻酸钠是带负电荷的天然多糖,长期被用于药物载体。通过聚电解质作用在中性条件下自发生成纳米粒子,可避免有机溶剂的副作用,所需能量要比普通制备方法(溶剂蒸发和乳化-溶剂扩散法)大为降低,尤其适合于敏感大分子药物的运载。
发明内容
为充分利用壳聚糖季铵盐及海藻酸钠的优点,本发明提供了一种新型药物载体聚电解质多糖纳米粒子----壳聚糖季铵盐和海藻酸钠纳米粒子及其制备方法,该纳米粒子对蛋白质药物的包封率高,缓释效果好,在中性条件下制备纳米粒子,可避免有机溶剂的副作用,适合于敏感类药物的运载,且制备方法工艺安全、简单有效、符合环保要求。
本发明提供的技术方案是:聚电解质多糖纳米粒子由壳聚糖季铵盐和海藻酸钠通过静电作用生成,其基本组成为:壳聚糖季铵盐48.4-83.3%、海藻酸钠8.9-34.5%和氯化钙6.8-23.1%(以重量百分比计),粒子直径为150-300nm。
本发明还提供了上述纳米粒子的制备方法,先将海藻酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,得到浓度为0.5-1.5mg/ml海藻酸钠水溶液,于室温搅拌条件下加入浓度为0.5-1.0mg/ml的氯化钙水溶液,搅拌1-10分钟后,加入浓度为0.8-1.2mg/ml的壳聚糖季铵盐即可生成聚电解质多糖纳米粒子,最后将产物用高速离心分离,冷冻干燥即可。
包封药物时,先将一定量的蛋白质药物溶于海藻酸钠水溶液中,再依照上述方法可制得载药的壳聚糖季铵盐纳米粒子。
本发明制备的纳米粒子具有pH值敏感性,可适用于包封各种药物,中性条件下制备纳米粒子可避免有机溶剂的副作用,尤其适合于敏感大分子如蛋白质类药物的口服运载。且工艺流程简便、安全无污染、符合环保要求,所制备的纳米粒子呈较规则的球形,分散均匀。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型药,经测试BSA的载药量可达30%。纳米粒子在生理盐水中缓释达三天以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1:将海藻酸钠制成1.0mg/ml水溶液,再将模型药物牛血清蛋白溶于海藻酸钠溶液中,牛血清蛋白浓度为0.5mg/ml;将2ml的0.5mg/ml CaCl2水溶液加入到6ml的海藻酸钠溶液中,然后加入1ml的1.0mg/ml、分子量为23万、取代度为0.82的壳聚糖季铵盐溶液,室温搅拌1分钟生成纳米粒子。在pH1.2的盐酸溶液中释放仅为22%,而pH 7.4的PBS中释放达到85%。
实施例2:将海藻酸钠制成1.0mg/ml水溶液,再将模型药物牛血清蛋白溶于海藻酸钠溶液中,牛血清蛋白浓度为0.5mg/ml;将2ml的0.5mg/ml CaCl2水溶液加入到6ml的海藻酸钠溶液中,然后加入1ml的1.0mg/ml、分子量为13万、取代度为0.82的壳聚糖季铵盐溶液,室温搅拌条件下生成纳米粒子。在pH 1.2的盐酸溶液中释放仅为17%,而pH 7.4的PBS中释放达到80%。
实施例3:将海藻酸钠制成1.0mg/ml水溶液,再将模型药物牛血清蛋白溶于海藻酸钠溶液中,牛血清蛋白浓度为0.5mg/ml;将2ml的0.5mg/ml CaCl2水溶液加入到6ml的海藻酸钠溶液中,然后加入1ml的0.5mg/ml、分子量为0.4万、取代度为0.82的壳聚糖季铵盐溶液,室温搅拌条件下生成纳米粒子。在pH1.2的盐酸溶液中释放仅为8%,而pH 7.4的PBS中释放达到81%。

Claims (3)

1.一种聚电解质多糖纳米粒子,其特征在于:聚电解质多糖纳米粒子由壳聚糖季铵盐和海藻酸钠通过静电作用生成,其基本组成为:壳聚糖季铵盐48.4-83.3%、海藻酸钠8.9-34.5%和氯化钙6.8-23.1%(以重量百分比计),粒子直径为150-300nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚电解质多糖纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于采用如下具体步骤:先将海藻酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,得到浓度为0.5-1.5mg/ml海藻酸钠水溶液,于室温搅拌条件下加入浓度为0.5-1.0mg/ml的氯化钙水溶液,搅拌1-10分钟后,加入浓度为0.8-1.2mg/ml的壳聚糖季铵盐即可生成聚电解质多糖纳米粒子,最后将产物用高速离心分离,冷冻干燥即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备聚电解质多糖纳米粒子的方法,其特征在于:先将蛋白质药物溶于制得的海藻酸钠水溶液中,再于室温搅拌条件下加入浓度为0.5-1.0mg/ml的氯化钙水溶液,搅拌1-10分钟后,加入浓度为0.8-1.2mg/ml的壳聚糖季铵盐制备纳米粒子,可得到载药的聚电解质多糖纳米粒子。
CNB2005100200916A 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 一种聚电解质多糖纳米粒子及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100400580C (zh)

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CN102161781B (zh) * 2011-02-18 2012-07-11 中国广州分析测试中心 一种吸附重金属离子的改性壳聚糖材料及其制备方法
CN104958251B (zh) * 2015-06-10 2018-05-29 青岛市中心医院 一种透明质酸纳米凝胶的制备方法
CN108541866A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2018-09-18 福州大学 一种肉桂醛-海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米粒及其制备方法
CN111658784B (zh) * 2020-06-15 2022-09-09 北京化工大学 一种多糖季铵盐在递送核酸和蛋白质上的应用
CN113171337B (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-05-17 塔里木大学 一种兽用头孢喹肟纳米凝胶及其制备方法

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