CN100389894C

CN100389894C - Automatic ventilating control and controller for waste uniform degradation by temperature gradient feedback

Info

Publication number: CN100389894C
Application number: CNB2005101142369A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张相锋; 杨志峰; 陈家军; 葛垚; 张妍
Original assignee: Beijing Normal University
Current assignee: Beijing Normal University
Priority date: 2005-10-21
Filing date: 2005-10-21
Publication date: 2008-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2025-10-21
Also published as: CN1745916A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the range of waste biodegradation, which provides a waste uniform degradation automation control method and a device for controlling ventilation airflow direction by the temperature gradient feedback. The limiting value of temperature gradient absolute value at the upper and the lower part of a waste pile is taken as a feedback parameter, the sensor data acquisition and the computer automatic control technology are adopted, and the ventilation airflow direction is controlled automatically according to the state of the upper and the lower parts of the temperature gradient in the waste pile in the process of waste oxygen consumption degradation. The limiting value of the temperature gradient absolute value can be set freely from 0 to 20DEG. C, and thereby, the uniformity degree of material at the upper and the lower parts of a pile body is promoted, such as degradation performance, temperature distribution, etc. The product quality of compost is improved, and the application risk of the compost is reduced.

Description

A kind of automaton that adopts the thermograde feedback to realize waste matter even degradation

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of automaton, particularly relate to a kind of automaton that is used for the debirs aerobic biodegradation.

Background technology

Aerobic biodegradation is widely used in the resource of organic waste at home and abroad, and this technology also is applied to the heterotopic biological reparation of poisonous waste abroad.Aerobic biodegradation mainly is to make good use of oxygen animalcule by artificial regulatory to decompose debirs, release heat, kill pathogen, worm's ovum and weed seed etc., and make discarded object under microbial action, be converted into stable class humus, finally realize innoxious, the minimizing and the resource of discarded object.

The aerobic biodegradation of debirs can be divided into natural ventilation method, fixedly the nothing feedback venting method in duration of ventilation cycle and the temperature feedback venting method of control heap temperature by control measures; Can be divided into positive airway pressure method and negative pressure ventilation method by the ventilation direction.

As everyone knows, the microorganism of heap in the body constantly consumes oxygen, release heat and transpiring moisture in the microorganism aerobic degradation process, and the major function of ventilation is supplemental oxygen, take away unnecessary heat and moisture.It is constant that existing aerobic biodegradation technology is the ventilation direction, under this condition, air-flow will constantly obtain heating along airflow direction when flowing through the heap body, form the phenomenon that raises gradually along heap temperature on the airflow direction in the heap body gradually, promptly produce thermograde.The uneven distribution of temperature, the distribution of heap internal microorganism group and the ability of degraded refuse thereof have directly been influenced, cause piling in the body and can't effectively kill pathogenic bacteria along the uneven distribution and the topical hypothermia zone of airflow direction refuse palliating degradation degree, thereby influenced the quality of composting production, reduced its using value.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome in the aerobic biodegradation uneven defective because refuse heap temperature skewness causes degrading, a kind of aerobic even degraded automaton of refuse that ventilation flows to of controlling is provided, and this device can be according to refuse heap temperature distribution situation auto-control degradation process in the composting process.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of corresponding automatic control device, this device comprises:

(1) temperature acquisition system: the temperature regime of monitoring compost body, 2 temperature sensors are arranged in the upper and lower of reactor respectively, temperature data with the computer that has the pci data capture card gather, record;

(2) ventilation flow control system: 1 blower fan (air blast or air-introduced machine all can); 4 automatic control gas valves; Plurality of ventilation channel is used to connect blower fan, valve and reactor; 2 relays; 1 has pci data capture card and each computer of 1 of PCI switching value control card; Computer adopts absolute value with the upper and lower temperature difference (being thermograde) in the heap body as feedback controling variable, and the control range of thermograde absolute value is 0.5 ℃～20 ℃.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an automaton schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 2 is an automaton flow chart of the present invention

Heap body top and the bottom megadyne temperature degree situation of change when Fig. 3 is used for useless leaf of Herba Apii graveolentis and the aerobic biological treatment of barren rock culm leaf mixing for the present invention

Heap body top and the bottom megadyne temperature degree graded situation when Fig. 4 is used for useless leaf of Herba Apii graveolentis and the aerobic biological treatment of barren rock culm leaf mixing for the present invention

The specific embodiment

Embodiment can obtain explanation in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

(1) hardware of system connects

Will determine respectively to install each several part before robot control system(RCS) starts connects according to mode shown in Figure 1.The on off state of noting

Self controlling valve

2,6 in this device is consistent, i.e. series connection is used.In like manner, the on off state of

Self controlling valve

1,5 is consistent, i.e. series connection is used, but its Self controlling valve state and 2,6 opposite.

(2) software control of system

The software control method of system is by flow process shown in Figure 2.Concrete control procedure is as follows in conjunction with Fig. 1:

A) initialization of system: after robot control system(RCS) starts, the heap body that will control by computer installation thermograde limit value is up and down at first determined temperature sensor 10 and temperature sensor 11 pairing input channels number, determines

Self controlling valve

2,6 and

Self controlling valve

1,5 pairing output channel number; Carry out the output variable initialization then, by computer 9 the switching value output control card that is inserted on the computer 9 interior PCI slots being set is 1 (promptly opening state) corresponding to the channel status of controlling Self controlling valve 2 and Self controlling valve 6, and being provided with corresponding to control Self controlling valve 1 and Self controlling valve 5 channel statuses is 0 (being off status).After system started, the switching value output control card in the computer 9 on the PCI slot can realize that corresponding to the channel value of valve relay 7 is off-state, and relay 8 is a closure state.After plugging in, blower fan 3 is promptly started working, and air enters reactor 12 by airduct 4 and valve, passes heap body 13 backs and discharges.The flow direction of ventilating this moment depends on the type of blower fan 3, and when being air-introduced machine, direction of ventilation is that air enters from valve 6 downwards in the heap body, is passed down through heap body 13, discharges through air-introduced machine 3 by valve 2; When being air blast, direction of ventilation be to upwards in the heap body, and air enters through valve 2 from air blast 3, is upward through heap body 13, by valve 6 discharges.

B) control of system: the upper and lower temperature data of at first gathering heap body 13, temperature sensor 10 by being arranged on compost reactor 12 tops and the temperature sensor of bottom 11 are measured the top and the temperature of lower of refuses 13, and temperature signal data collecting card collection on the PCI slot in being installed in computer 9 enters computer; Then, the CPU of computer 9 handles the data of gathering, and calculates the absolute value of

temperature sensor

10 and 11 temperature gaps; When the absolute value of this temperature difference was lower than set thermograde absolute value limit value, each state of system remained unchanged; When the absolute value of temperature difference surpassed set thermograde absolute value limit value, corresponding to

valve

1,5,2,6 passage sent instruction to the CPU of computer 9 to the switching value card on the PCI slot, changes its corresponding value, as is originally that 0 changes 1 into, is originally that 1 changes 0 into; This instruction will drive the corresponding control that relay 7 and relay 8 realized each valve, thereby realize the change of direction of ventilation in the heap body 13.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

The aerobe that this control method and device is applied to useless leaf of Herba Apii graveolentis and barren rock culm leaf is handled, heap height 1m, top point for measuring temperature are apart from heap body upper surface 10cm, and the bottom point for measuring temperature is apart from heap body lower surface 10cm, it is 2 ℃ that thermograde absolute value limit value is set, and the thermometric frequency is 1 time/h.In the processing procedure, the situation of change of heap body top and the bottom megadyne temperature degree and thermograde is seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively, and the material content of organic matter at three positions of heap body upper, middle and lower sees Table 1 before and after handling.From Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as can be seen, the thermograde absolute value of heap body internal upper part and bottom is all less than the thermograde absolute value limit value that is provided with, the position all can reach higher temperature up and down, and whether debirs aerobic biodegradation in the past research and development are only paid close attention to the temperature on heap body top and are reached a high temperature, and have ignored the test of temperature of lower.Can find out the palliating degradation degree basically identical of heap body internal upper part and bottom from table 1.

The measurement result of table 1 embodiment 1 content of organic matter

Claims

1. waste matter even degradation automaton that adopts thermograde FEEDBACK CONTROL ventilation to flow to, it is characterized in that: 2 temperature sensors lay respectively at the position up and down of tip body, use the signal of the pci data capture card collection of computer from temperature sensor; 4 Self controlling valves link to each other with waste canister by pipeline respectively, and respectively by 2 relay controls; Computer motherboard is inserted the pci data capture card, and data collecting card links to each other with temperature sensor; Computer motherboard is inserted the PCI on-off output card, and on-off output card links to each other with relay one end, and the relay other end links to each other with Self controlling valve.

2. the waste matter even degradation automaton that ventilation flows to according to the described thermograde FEEDBACK CONTROL of claim 1, it is characterized in that: computer sends instruction according to heap body top and the bottom megadyne temperature degree gradient situation and controls opening or closing of 4 Self controlling valves respectively by on-off output card and corresponding relays, thereby realizes the conversion that ventilation flows to.

3. according to the waste matter even degradation automaton of the described thermograde FEEDBACK CONTROL ventilation of claim 1 flow direction, it is characterized in that: the tip body control range of thermograde absolute value up and down is 0.5 ℃～20 ℃.