CN100376517C - 使用乙烷汽提生产烷基苯的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供生产烷基苯的方法,包括将苯和烯烃物料引入到处于第一烷基化反应条件下的在第一烷基化催化剂存在下的第一烷基化反应区以生成包含烷基苯的第一烷基化流出物和第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流。将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流分离为包含苯的液体部分和包含未转化烯烃和乙烷的蒸气部分。在吸收区中将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流蒸气部分中的大部分未转化烯烃吸收到包含苯和烷基苯的脱乙烷化芳烃贫油物流中,以生成包含烯烃和至少一些乙烷的富油物流。将富油物流引入到处于第二烷基化反应条件下的包含第二烷基化催化剂的第二烷基化反应区中以生成第一芳烃贫油物流,在脱乙烷塔中对第一芳烃贫油物流分馏,以生成包含大部分乙烷的塔顶蒸气和包含脱乙烷化芳烃贫油的塔底液体。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明公开涉及用于从烯烃和芳烃生产烷基芳烃的烷基化方法,特别涉及从乙烯和苯生产乙基苯的方法。
背景技术
本领域中已知用烯烃使苯烷基化以生成烷基苯的多种方法。最常用的烯烃为乙烯和丙烯。用乙烯使苯烷基化产生乙基苯。用丙烯使苯烷基化产生异丙基苯。
乙基苯是重要的化学品,主要用作苯乙烯的生产前体,苯乙烯随后聚合产生聚苯乙烯。已知多种方法用于生产乙基苯。通常,在适当的催化剂的存在下苯和乙烯通过烷基化反应化合。已知多种烷基化催化剂,通常使用的催化剂包括弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂如铝或硼的卤化物,和多种沸石。
除乙基苯之外,反应产生包含多乙基苯(“PEB”)如二乙基苯、三乙基苯和四乙基苯的副产物。多乙基苯是不合需要的,其通常被循环到烷基转移反应器用于通过与苯反应转化为乙基苯。
已经通过其中通过催化蒸馏进行烷基化反应的方法生产乙基苯。沸石催化剂包含在专门包装的包(packaged bale)中,并且烷基化反应在混合的气-液相中进行。
被并入本文作为参考的Sardina等人的美国专利5,003,119公开了其中使新鲜的循环苯和新鲜烯烃的物料在具有至少两个反应阶段的烷基化反应器中在烷基化催化剂的存在下反应生产烷基苯如乙基苯和异丙基苯的方法,其中每个阶段为绝热的。基本上所有的烯烃在烷基化反应器的每个阶段中都完全反应。新鲜烯烃进料到烷基化反应器的每个阶段中。
迄今为止,对于稀的乙烯物料,在烷基化反应器中已经实现了99%的乙烯转化率。这种转化率水平需要大量的催化剂。来自烷基化反应器的排出气被送到排气吸收器中,在排气吸收器中苯被吸收到烃物流(如多乙基苯)中。排出气中包含的乙烯最终损失掉。使用减少的所需催化剂总量实现基本上完全的乙烯转化是有利的。
发明内容
本文中提供了生产烷基苯的方法。该方法包括步骤:(a)将苯和烯烃物流引入到处于第一烷基化反应条件下的在第一烷基化催化剂存在下的第一烷基化反应区以生成包含烷基苯的第一烷基化流出物和第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流;(b)将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流分离为包含苯的液体部分和包含未转化烯烃和乙烷的蒸气部分;(c)在吸收区中将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流蒸气部分中的大部分未转化烯烃吸收到包含苯和烷基苯的基本上不含烯烃的脱乙烷化芳烃贫油物流中,以生成包含烯烃和至少一些乙烷的富油物流;(d)将富油物流引入到处于第二烷基化反应条件下的包含第二烷基化催化剂的第二烷基化反应区中以生成第一芳烃贫油物流;和(e)在脱乙烷塔中分馏第一芳烃贫油物流,以生成包含大部分乙烷的塔顶蒸气和包含脱乙烷化芳烃贫油的塔底液体。
该方法特别适合于生产乙基苯并且需要比现有技术少得多的催化剂,但实现更高的总乙烯转化率。
附图说明
在本文中参考附图说明多种实施方案,其中:
图1为生产乙基苯的方法的示意性流程图;和
图2为该方法的一部分的更具体的视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的烷基化方法可用于使用任何适当的烯烃如乙烯、丙烯等将苯烷基化。然而,在本文中,该方法对于生产乙基苯特别有利,并参考用乙烯使苯烷基化进行描述。应该记住,也可使用丙烯或其它烯烃,并且被认为是在本发明的范围内。
本发明的方法包括第二烷基化后处理反应器(finishing reactor)以基本上转化来自反应器的排出气中所携带的所有剩余的烯烃。这种改进防止烯烃收率损失并降低烷基化反应器所需催化剂的量。本文的方法还包括乙烷汽提塔,用于降低通过后处理反应器系统循环的惰性物质的量。
参考图1,如所示,将乙烯物料F-1和苯物料F-2引入到乙基苯生产工序100中。乙烯物流F-1可包含5体积%到100体积%的乙烯,并且可选择性地为来自精炼厂操作如FCC尾气,其通常包含约10体积%到约30体积%的乙烯。典型的FCC尾气包含50%到70%的甲烷和氢气,余量为约等量的乙烷和乙烯以及少量的其它烃组分。优选的原料F-1包含30体积%到50体积%的乙烯,余量包括甲烷、乙烷、氢气和其它组分。选择性地,到烷基化反应器110的物料F-1可为聚合级乙烯。乙烯物料F-1被送到包括适当的烷基化催化剂的烷基化反应器110,优选为催化蒸馏塔,所述烷基化催化剂如选自沸石X、沸石Y、沸石L、TMA菱钾沸石、丝光沸石、和无定形二氧化硅-氧化铝、沸石BEA(β)、沸石MWW、或MFI催化剂中的一种或多种催化剂,优选沸石BEA。催化剂选择性地包含在包装的包中。
在现有技术中已知多种类型的催化蒸馏单元和方法和装置。烷基化反应器110为在烷基化反应条件下操作的混合相(液/气)反应器,所述烷基化反应条件通常为约270psig到约550psig的压力和约185℃到约250℃的温度、苯基∶乙基比为约2.0到约3.5。
烷基化反应器110适于处理稀的乙烯物料并能够处理乙烯含量和流速的变化。
优选在反应器的多个点将物料F-1注入反应器,并与经由管线114引入到烷基化反应器110中并向下流过填装在塔110中的催化剂的液体苯接触并溶解于其中。被苯吸收的乙烯在接触催化剂时与苯反应以形成乙基苯和少量的PEB。从烷基化反应器110塔底流出的液体流出物(即,包含乙基苯的液体)经由管线118送到蒸馏塔160。蒸馏塔160从乙基苯产品和重质组分分离苯。苯作为蒸汽从塔顶馏出并经由管线161送到冷凝器162,苯在冷凝器162中液化并被保持在储罐163中。储罐163的苯作为回流经由管线164返回到蒸馏塔160。从管线164抽出一部分苯165并经由管线165a送到烷基化反应器110的塔顶馏出物,和经由管线165b送到如以下更详细描述的排气吸收器130。优选将新鲜苯的物料F-2引入到管线164中。或者,可将新鲜苯进料到工序中富含苯的其它位置。新鲜苯应不含胺、醛、酮、和碱性氮化合物,所述化合物可使工序中使用的催化剂中毒。塔底流出物流167通过重沸器168循环回到蒸馏塔160。
包含乙基苯和PEB的塔底流出物流166被送到蒸馏塔170。蒸馏塔170将乙基苯产品与PEB分离。塔底流出物流177通过重沸器178循环回到乙基苯蒸馏塔170。包含PEB的塔底流出物流176被送到蒸馏塔180,用于分离PEB。蒸馏塔170的塔顶馏出物乙基苯蒸汽物流171在冷凝器172中液化并送到储罐173。一部分塔顶馏出物作为回流经由管线174返回到蒸馏塔170。另一部分作为乙基苯产品P经由管线175抽出。
蒸馏塔180将PEB(如二乙基苯)从重质沥青稀释油分离。塔底流出物流187通过重沸器188循环回到蒸馏塔180。一部分塔底流出物作为重质沥青稀释油B经由管线186抽出。沥青稀释油通常包含二苯基乙烷、四乙基苯、和其它高沸点组分,并可用作传热流体、燃料油或吸收剂。塔顶馏出物PEB蒸汽物流181在冷凝器182中液化并送到储罐183。一部分塔顶馏出物作为回流经由管线184返回到蒸馏塔180。另一部分PEB塔顶馏出物经由管线185送到如以下更具体描述的排气汽提塔150。
再次考虑烷基化反应器110,烷基化反应器的塔顶蒸气111包含未转化烯烃以及乙烷和一种或多种轻质组分如氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、丙烷和/或氮气,其通过冷凝器112部分液化并送到储罐113。储罐113中还接受被分为165a部分和165b部分的苯物流165的165a部分。因此,储罐113包含合并的循环苯和冷凝的烷基化反应器塔顶馏出物以及未冷凝的蒸气。储罐113的一部分液体作为回流返回到烷基化反应器110。另一部分经由管线115送到烷基转移反应器120。烷基转移反应器120还接受经由管线152来自排气汽提塔150的PEB物流。在烷基转移反应器120中,苯(来自管线115)和PEB(来自管线152)反应,形成乙基苯,其经由管线121循环回到烷基化反应器110。
烷基转移反应器120包含适当的烷基转移催化剂如沸石β、沸石Y或其它适当的沸石,并在适当的烷基转移反应条件下操作。通常,烷基转移反应条件包括185℃到约250℃的温度、约350psig到约600psig的压力,约3.5到5.0WHSV的空速、和约2.0到约5.0的苯基与乙基的摩尔比,其中摩尔比优选3.0。
来自储罐桶113的未冷凝蒸气在热交换器116中被加热并将包含乙烯、苯和惰性物质如乙烷、甲烷和氢气的蒸汽物流经由管线117送到排气吸收器130中以回收芳烃。
现在同时参考图1和图2,在排气吸收器130中向上流动的蒸汽物流与向下流动的来自管线142的包含苯和乙基苯但基本上没有乙烯的基本上不含烯烃的脱乙烷化贫油接触。排气吸收器130可为以逆流方式操作的填充塔或板式塔。排气吸收器塔在本领域中是已知的。
脱乙烷化贫油溶解几乎全部的乙烯。从排气吸收器130的塔顶蒸气(管线132)中的乙烯损失为进料到单元(管线117)中的乙烯的约1.0%。来自排气吸收器130的包含富油(即溶解的乙烯)的塔底流出物经由管线131送到后处理反应器140,以将乙烯和苯转化为乙基苯。富油物流包含至少约0.2重量%的乙烯,优选至少约0.3重量%的乙烯,更优选至少约0.4重量%的乙烯,和至少约5.0重量%的乙基苯,优选至少约10重量%的乙基苯,更优选至少约13重量%的乙基苯。富油物流首先通过热交换器145,在其中将来自后处理反应器140的脱乙烷化贫油(管线142)的热转移给管线131中的富油物流。在加热器135中对富油物流进一步加热并送到后处理反应器140。
后处理反应器140为第二烷基化反应器,其包含疏松催化剂的固定床并以单一的液相进行绝热操作,催化剂优选沸石Y或沸石BEA(β)、沸石MWW、丝光沸石、或MFI催化剂。以液相进行的烷基化更有效,并比混合气/液相的烷基化需要更少的催化剂。在反应器140中乙烯的转化基本上是彻底的。后处理反应器140在约200℃到约230℃的温度、约550psig到约900psig的压力、和约2.0到约10.0的苯基∶乙基摩尔比条件下操作。高的苯基∶乙基摩尔比产生优异的催化剂选择性和稳定性。
后处理反应器的流出物流141携带包含苯和乙基苯以及溶解的乙烷和甲烷的贫油。
将上述贫油送到脱乙烷塔190,除去惰性的轻质组分如乙烷和甲烷。脱乙烷塔为用于除去轻质组分的蒸馏塔。来自脱乙烷塔的塔顶馏出物191首先送到冷凝器192,液化部分回流到脱乙烷塔190。剩余的蒸气加入到物流132(排气吸收器130的塔顶馏出物),以形成物流197,然后将其送到排出气洗涤器150。塔顶馏出物191包含乙烷、甲烷、微量水、非芳族化合物和苯。选择性地,塔顶馏出物191可送到裂化炉以再利用乙烷。脱乙烷塔的塔底流出物流193通过重沸器194循环并再引入到脱乙烷塔190。另一部分195从脱乙烷塔的塔底抽出。脱乙烷塔的塔底流出物195携带包含苯和乙苯的脱乙烷化贫油。脱乙烷塔塔底流出物的一部分196经由管线196循环回到烷基化反应器110以保持吸收器系统中的溶液流量,并携带后处理反应器140中制得的净量的乙基苯。
将来自苯塔塔顶馏出物165的苯的部分165b进料到贫油物流中以保持物流中期望的苯浓度,其为后处理反应器140提供期望的选择性。如上所述,将得到的物流142在热交换器145中用来自排气吸收器的流出物131进行冷却,并进一步在冷却器146中冷冻到约6℃到约40℃的温度,优选12℃,然后将其进料到排气吸收器130的塔顶。
来自排气吸收器130的包含甲烷、乙烷、氢气、微量水、非芳族化合物、苯和乙烯的塔顶蒸气由物流132运载。如上所述,将脱乙烷塔的塔顶馏出物191加入到排气吸收器的塔顶馏出物流132以形成物流197,将其引入到排气洗涤器150用于芳烃回收,在其中,向上流动的排出气与来自PEB塔180的向下流动的PEB接触。操作排气洗涤器150以排除少量C6非芳族化合物和苯以及惰性物质(氢气、甲烷、乙烷、水等)进入塔顶气体(管线151)。塔180的PEB物流185首先在冷却器189中冷却,然后引入到排气洗涤器塔150的塔顶。洗涤过的排出气经由管线151离开排气洗涤器150。非常少的乙烯从排气洗涤器150排出。该工序的总乙烯转化率为约99.9%。来自排气洗涤器150的包含PEB和其它芳族化合物的塔底流出物经由管线152送到烷基转移反应器120,以通过与苯的烷基转移作用将PEB转化为乙基苯。
通过使用脱乙烷塔从贫油除去轻质组分(乙烷、甲烷),使后处理反应器容纳无用的惰性组分通过量的负担更少。
虽然上述说明书包含许多细节,但不应将这些细节看作是对本发明范围的限制,而只是作为其优选实施方案的范例。本领域技术人员可预见在本发明权利要求中定义的本发明的范围和精神实质内的许多其它可能的变体。
Claims (20)
1.生产烷基苯的方法,其包括步骤:
(a)将苯和乙烯或丙烯物流引入到处于第一烷基化反应条件下的在第一烷基化催化剂存在下的第一烷基化反应区以生成包含烷基苯的第一烷基化流出物和第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流,所述第一烷基化反应条件包括270psig到550psig的压力,185℃到250℃的温度,且苯基∶乙基比为2.0到3.5;
(b)将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流分离为包含苯的液体部分和包含未转化乙烯或丙烯和乙烷的蒸气部分;
(c)在吸收区中将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流蒸气部分中的大部分未转化乙烯或丙烯吸收到包含苯和烷基苯的基本上不含乙烯或丙烯的脱乙烷化芳烃贫油物流中,以生成包含乙烯或丙烯和至少一些乙烷的富油物流;
(d)将所述富油物流引入到处于第二烷基化反应条件下的包含第二烷基化催化剂的第二烷基化反应区中以生成第一芳烃贫油物流,所述第二烷基化反应条件包括200℃到230℃的温度,550psig到900psig的压力,和2.0到10.0的苯基∶乙基摩尔比;和
(e)在脱乙烷塔中分馏第一芳烃贫油物流,以生成包含大部分乙烷的脱乙烷塔塔顶蒸气和包含脱乙烷化芳烃贫油的液体塔底物流。
2.权利要求1的方法,其另外包括将第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流的液体部分和多烷基苯物流引入到处于烷基转移反应条件下的在烷基转移催化剂存在下的烷基转移区中以将至少一些苯和多烷基苯转化为烷基苯的步骤,所述烷基转移反应条件包括185℃到250℃的温度,350psig到600psig的压力,3.5到5.0WHSV的空速,和2.0到5.0的苯基与乙基的摩尔比。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中乙烯或丙烯物流为乙烯,烷基苯为乙基苯,多烷基苯为多乙基苯。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中第一烷基化反应区包括以液-气混合相方式操作的催化蒸馏单元。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中吸收器塔顶蒸气物流与脱乙烷塔塔顶蒸气合并以生成合并的蒸汽物流,合并的蒸汽物流被转移到其中合并的蒸汽物流与向下流动的包含多乙基苯的物流接触的洗涤单元,洗涤单元产生包含多乙基苯的洗涤器塔底流出物,该洗涤器塔底流出物被循环到烷基转移区。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中得自第一烷基化反应区的含乙基苯的流出物被转移到第一蒸馏单元,所述第一蒸馏单元产生包含苯的第一蒸馏塔顶馏出物流和包含乙基苯的第一蒸馏塔底流出物流,第一蒸馏塔顶馏出物流的至少第一部分被循环到来自脱乙烷塔的脱乙烷化芳烃贫油。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中第一蒸馏塔底流出物流被转移到第二蒸馏单元,所述第二蒸馏单元产生包含乙基苯的第二蒸馏塔顶馏出物流和包含多乙基苯的第二蒸馏塔底流出物流。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中第二蒸馏塔底流出物流被转移到第三蒸馏单元,所述第三蒸馏单元产生包含多乙基苯的第三蒸馏塔顶馏出物流,所述部分的第三蒸馏塔顶馏出物流循环返回到洗涤单元。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中吸收区包括填充塔。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中吸收区包括板式塔。
11.权利要求3的方法,其中第一烷基化催化剂包括沸石β。
12.权利要求3的方法,其中第二烷基化催化剂包括沸石Y。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中从第一烷基化塔顶馏出物流分离的蒸气部分另外包含选自下组中的一种或多种组分:氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、丙烷和氮气。
14.用来实施权利要求1的方法的系统,其包括:
a)用于苯与烯烃的烷基化的第一烷基化反应器装置,其中第一烷基化反应器装置产生包含烷基苯和苯的流出物、以及塔顶馏出物流;
b)冷凝装置,用于将来自第一烷基化反应器装置的塔顶馏出物流分离为蒸汽物流和液体物流;
c)烷基转移反应器装置,用于使来自第一烷基化反应器装置的液体物流与包含多烷基苯的物流接触以生成包含烷基苯和苯的烷基转移反应器流出物;
d)吸收器装置,用于使来自第一烷基化反应器装置的蒸汽物流与包含苯和烷基苯的脱乙烷化贫油物流接触以生成包含苯、烷基苯、和未转化烯烃的富油物流;
e)第二烷基化反应器装置,用于转化富油物流中的未转化烯烃和至少一些苯以生成第一贫油物流;和
f)分馏器,用于对第一贫油物流脱乙烷化以生成脱乙烷化贫油物流。
15.权利要求14的系统,其中第一烷基化反应器装置包括催化蒸馏单元。
16.权利要求14的系统,其中吸收器装置包括填充塔。
17.权利要求14的系统,其中吸收器装置包括板式塔。
18.权利要求14的系统,其另外包括洗涤器单元,用于使来自吸收器装置的塔顶蒸气与向下流动的包含多烷基苯的物流接触。
19.权利要求14的系统,其另外包括蒸馏装置,用于从烷基化反应器装置流出物分离出苯和烷基苯。
20.权利要求14的系统,其另外包括传热装置,用于在脱乙烷化贫油物流和富油物流之间传热。
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US20040254412A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
JP4455597B2 (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
KR100969742B1 (ko) | 2010-07-13 |
RU2320629C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 |
AU2004247693B2 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
CA2528283A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US7071369B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
WO2004110965A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
ZA200510006B (en) | 2006-11-29 |
AU2004247693A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
CN1802336A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
RU2005138508A (ru) | 2006-06-10 |
KR20060059895A (ko) | 2006-06-02 |
BRPI0411238A (pt) | 2006-07-11 |
US7517506B2 (en) | 2009-04-14 |
CA2528283C (en) | 2011-08-30 |
BRPI0411238B1 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
MXPA05013248A (es) | 2006-03-09 |
US20060204410A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
JP2007537987A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
EP1636153A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
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