CN100374047C - 蒸气喷射器的改进 - Google Patents

蒸气喷射器的改进 Download PDF

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CN100374047C
CN100374047C CNB2004800055367A CN200480005536A CN100374047C CN 100374047 C CN100374047 C CN 100374047C CN B2004800055367 A CNB2004800055367 A CN B2004800055367A CN 200480005536 A CN200480005536 A CN 200480005536A CN 100374047 C CN100374047 C CN 100374047C
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CN1756491A (zh
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R·林斯特伦
F·洛佩斯
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28CHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F28C3/08Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C3/00Preservation of milk or milk preparations
    • A23C3/02Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
    • A23C3/03Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
    • A23C3/033Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23C3/037Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. steam
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/24Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials with the materials in spray form
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/04Heat
    • A61L2/06Hot gas
    • A61L2/07Steam
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/10Steam heaters and condensers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种方法和蒸气喷射器(1)中的装置。蒸气喷射器包括壳体(2),其具有用于蒸气的入口(4)、用于将要处理的产品的入口(3)。在喷射器壳体(2)中还具有用于已经处理产品的出口(7)。在喷射器(1)中,蒸气与产品汇合在一起。该装置包括布置在产品出口(7)之后的节流圈(8)。节流圈(8)确保在产品离开喷射器(1)之前压力马上升高。压力升高确保改善蒸气在产品中的分配,并且减小产品中沉降的危险。该装置还确保显著减小喷射器(1)中出现的干扰噪音。

Description

蒸气喷射器的改进
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改进蒸气喷射器中蒸气分配的方法,喷射器具有用于蒸气的入口、用于将要处理产品并且蒸气和产品在其中汇合的入口,喷射器还具有用于已经处理产品的出口。
本发明还涉及一种蒸气喷射器中的装置,蒸气喷射器包括喷射器壳体,壳体具有用于蒸气的入口,以及用于将要处理产品并且蒸气和产品在其中汇合的入口,喷射器还具有用于产品的出口。
背景技术
对于液体或可泵送食品的热加工来说,可以使用蒸气,以便快速和有效地加热食品。现在用来将蒸气直接引入产品的一种方法是采用喷射器。
根据所需加热产品的温度,可以获得巴氏杀菌或消毒的产品,或者在冷藏时具有延长保存期限的产品。这种产品可以是奶制品、果汁、粘稠食品或类似产品。最为常用的方法是将产品加热到完全杀灭有害微生物的温度。这使得食品在室温储藏时具有稳定性。对于储藏来说,不完整的冷藏链是需要的,这首先在发展中国家是有利的。
通过将蒸气引入产品而直接加热产品使得快速和有效地加热。作为快速方法的结果,可以减小加工时间,这总体减小产品上的热效应,并且首先对于口味来说,所获得的产品保持较高的质量。
市场上具有大量的喷射器,所有喷射器具有类似的结构和构造,其具有用于将要处理产品的入口和用于已经处理产品的出口。喷射器还具有用于蒸气的入口,蒸气在高压下经由具有间隙或导管的多种配置与产品混合,并且使其加热到所需温度。传统所谓的环形间隙喷射器在瑞典专利说明书SE367121中得到描述。
当希望处理粘稠产品时,例如部分冷冻的果汁浓缩物、果酱、冰激凌混合物、香肠、油脂和类似产品,可以需要采用不同类型的喷射.器。一种这样的喷射器在例如瑞典专利说明书SE517823中得到描述。在这种喷射器中,高压蒸气经由产品管道内的大量导管进入产品。
首先在奶制品中,通过喷射加热时常在产品中形成沉降。这是由于在进入产品的蒸气气泡破裂时出现的热效应和机械作用相结合。产品中的沉降完全是外观的问题,而不影响其口味。为了避免这种沉降,可以在高压下使得产品均匀。
对于喷射加热来说,蒸气在产品中的分配同样构成问题。首先,这适用于需要热加工粘稠产品,并且特别是采用环形间隙的喷射器的情况。克服这种问题的一个方法是采用在产品管道中具有多个蒸气导管的喷射器。但是,此类型的喷射器具有较短的操作生产时间,这是由于在加热产品依附到导管上时蒸气导管容易被杂物堵塞。
通过喷射器进行加热的另一问题在于在喷射器中经常出现干扰噪音。干扰噪音是在蒸气气泡供应到产品时破裂出现的所谓空化噪音。现在,没有简单的方法来消除高噪音大小问题的方法。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于在喷射器中实现减小产品中出现沉降危险的装置。
本发明的另一目的在于在喷射器中以简单和可靠方式有助于确保蒸气在产品中分配的装置。
本发明的又一目的在于本发明的装置可显著减小喷射加热造成的热加工中出现的干扰噪音大小。
这些和其它目的通过本发明得以实现,其中引言中提到的方法具有压力在产品离开喷射器之前马上升高的特征。
这些和其它目的通过本发明得以实现,其中引言中提到的装置具有节流圈布置在产品出口之后的特征。
本发明的优选实施例具有所附从属权利要求提出的特征。
附图说明
下面将特别参考附图,更加详细描述本发明的一个优选实施例。附图中:
图1是所谓环形间隙喷射器的示意图;以及
图2是本发明的装置。
附图只表示对于理解本发明来说重要的细节,并且已经省略喷射器在热加工工厂中的定位,这对于本领域普通技术人员来说是公知的。
具体实施方式
图1是环形间隙喷射器1的示意图,其中可采用本发明的装置。该装置可用于所有类型的喷射器。
喷射器1具有喷射器壳体2,其中布置用于产品的入口3和用于蒸气的入口4。经由部分用于产品和部分用于蒸气的窄小的环形间隙5、6,蒸气和产品由此汇合在一起。产品和蒸气加压。当蒸气进入产品时,可以获得产品快速加热。产品可包括具有不同类型和不同粘度的食品,例如奶制品、果汁、果泥、油脂和类似产品。
加热的产品经由同样布置在喷射器壳体2内的产品出口7离开喷射器1。在喷射器1之后,产品进一步输送以便在工厂中继续加工或处理。
当蒸气进入相对较冷的产品时,一方面将获得蒸气凝结,并且另一方面蒸气气泡由于喷射器1内压力降而破裂。希望尽可能减小破裂现象,这是由于一方面出现产品沉降,另一方面出现干扰噪音。
通过增加喷射器上的压力,可以减小蒸气气泡破裂的危险,这是由于增加的压力减小了蒸气气泡的尺寸。小蒸气气泡不太可能影响产品机械加工。小蒸气气泡同样改善蒸气在产品中的分配,使得可以避免首先在环形减小喷射器1中容易出现的热饱和现象。所述压力应该增加0.5-5巴。
为了增加喷射器1上的压力,在本发明的装置中提供与喷射器1的产品出口7紧密相关的节流圈8。节流圈8包括最好由不锈钢制成的金属板9。也可以使用适用于食品并且可以经受工厂清洗的其它材料。金属板9最好是2-10毫米厚,并且应该具有与喷射器1的出口7相同的直径。
节流圈8具有多个通孔10。根据喷射器1的产量和使用该装置希望实现的压力大小,孔10的数量及其尺寸可以变化。孔10最好均匀分布在金属板9的表面上,孔10总体占据金属圈表面9的50%以下,并且最好是其表面的10-30%。
本发明的装置可以用于所有类型的喷射器1。当在产品离开喷射器1并被迫通过节流圈8之前压力升高时,产品中的蒸气气泡将减小尺寸,并且减小破裂的危险。一旦产品通过节流圈8,压力将再次降低,并且出现的紊流有助于在产品中分配蒸气气泡。
从以上说明中将明白的是,本发明在喷射器中实现一种以简单和经济的方式有助于在产品中减小沉降并使得产品具有更加引入注意的外观的方法和装置。该方法和装置该有助于在产品中更加有效地分配蒸气,使得产品获得更加可靠的热加工。最终,本发明的方法和装置有助于显著减小喷射器应用中经常出现的干扰噪音大小,使得噪音大小变得可以令人接受。

Claims (6)

1.一种改善蒸气喷射器(1)中蒸气分配的方法,蒸气喷射器具有用于蒸气的入口(4)、用于将要处理的产品并且蒸气和产品在其中汇合在一起的入口(3),喷射器(1)还具有用于已经处理产品的出口(7),其特征在于,在产品离开喷射器(1)之前压力马上升高。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,压力升高0.5-5巴。
3.一种蒸气喷射器(1)中的装置,蒸气喷射器(1)具有用于蒸气的入口(4)、用于将要处理的产品并且蒸气和产品在其中汇合在一起的入口(3),喷射器(1)还具有用于产品的出口(7),其特征在于,节流圈(8)布置在产品出口(7)之后;
节流圈(8)具有多个设置在板(9)中的孔(10);
所述多个孔(10)占据板(9)的表面的50%以下。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多个孔(10)占据板(9)的表面10%-30%。
5.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,节流圈(8)具有2-10毫米的厚度。
6.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,节流圈(8)由不锈钢制成。
CNB2004800055367A 2003-02-27 2004-02-27 蒸气喷射器的改进 Expired - Fee Related CN100374047C (zh)

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EP1599105B1 (en) 2009-12-16
SE524749C2 (sv) 2004-09-28
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WO2004075670A1 (en) 2004-09-10
JP2006519012A (ja) 2006-08-24
SE0300513L (sv) 2004-08-28
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US7637484B2 (en) 2009-12-29
DK1599105T3 (da) 2010-03-22
RU2333709C2 (ru) 2008-09-20
AR043407A1 (es) 2005-07-27
MXPA05009088A (es) 2005-10-19
ATE451848T1 (de) 2010-01-15
ES2336674T3 (es) 2010-04-15
US20060237859A1 (en) 2006-10-26
CN1756491A (zh) 2006-04-05
SE0300513D0 (sv) 2003-02-27
CA2516807A1 (en) 2004-09-10
EP1599105A1 (en) 2005-11-30
DE602004024651D1 (de) 2010-01-28

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