CN100371657C - Pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents
Pulse tube refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN100371657C CN100371657C CNB2004800085447A CN200480008544A CN100371657C CN 100371657 C CN100371657 C CN 100371657C CN B2004800085447 A CNB2004800085447 A CN B2004800085447A CN 200480008544 A CN200480008544 A CN 200480008544A CN 100371657 C CN100371657 C CN 100371657C
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- Prior art keywords
- pulse tube
- tube
- hot driving
- resonator
- phase shifter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1403—Pulse-tube cycles with heat input into acoustic driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1407—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having in-line geometrical arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1411—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by control details, e.g. tuning, phase shifting or general control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1413—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by performance, geometry or theory
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1424—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including an orifice and a reservoir
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A pulse tube refrigerator that is small in size and free from vibration and electric noise. A pulse tube refrigerator (1) has a pulse tube, a cool storage unit connected to the low- temperature side of the pulse tube, a vibration generator connected to the high-temperature side of the cool storage unit, and a reservoir with an orifice, connected to the high-temperature side of the pulse tube. The vibration generator is a thermally driven pressure wave generator having thermal drive tubes (heat exchangers (4-4a) for heat radiation), a phase shifter (7), and a return path (6). Sufficiently heating a heat exchanger (3) for heating causes self-exciting vibration to be generated in a work transmission tube (5), and work is returned to the thermal drive tubes through the phase shifter (7) and the return path (6) arranged on the work output side of the work transmission tube (5). The work is amplified by the thermal drive tubes, and is then outputted from the work transmission tube (5) and fed to the pulse tube refrigerator (1). A vibration generator for a pulse tube refrigerator that is small in size and free from vibration and noise can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine, particularly a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine that has by the pressure vibration generating means of heat energy generation pressure vibration.
Background technology
Pulse tube refrigerating machine is a kind of refrigeration machine of the compressor that has pulse tube, the regenerator that is connected with the pulse tube low temperature side, is connected with the regenerator high temperature side.Pulse tube refrigerating machine does not have the low temperature movable member.In the pulse tube refrigerating machine that uses by the motor compressor driven,, in pulse tube, produce pressure vibration by alternately opening and closing high pressure valve and the low pressure valve that is arranged between compressor and the regenerator.The basic model pulse tube refrigerating machine utilization of lucky Ford (Gifford) development be that the surface heat pump efficiency should.Pinhole type (orifice) pulse tube refrigerating machine is connected with buffer (circulating box) at the pulse tube high temperature side by throttle orifice.Based on the phase difference of pressure vibration in the pulse tube and the gas column in the pulse tube (the imaginary gas piston that in pulse tube, forms) displacement, produce cooling effect.In bidirection air intake type pulse tube refrigerating machine, the stream between stream between throttle orifice and the pulse tube and regenerator and the compressor is to link together by the bypass flow path that is provided with throttle orifice in addition.
About the Thermal Motor of Stirling engine etc., Fig. 9 show use storage heater with thermal power transfer become gas pressure can the figure of energy stream of device.Represented under the situation that the boundary condition at storage heater two ends changes the situation of change of energy stream.(b) in these figures with (c) do not require input work at the low temperature side of storage heater.On the other hand,, need big scanning (sweep) volume, (c) be more real condition, (b) be ideal conditions at low temperature side.
With reference to Figure 10, existing orifice pulse tube cooler is described.The buffer tank that pulse tube refrigerating machine has pulse tube, the regenerator that is connected with the pulse tube low temperature side, is connected with the pulse tube high temperature side.High temperature side (room temperature side) at regenerator is connected with compressor.Part between pulse tube and regenerator is formed with the cold position that produces utmost point low temperature.Strike out discoideusly by being compiled into cancellous reticulate body, and a plurality of these discoideus reticulate bodies are piled up, be placed in the metal system cylindrical shell, thereby constitute regenerator with copper wire.As required, also add the plumbous isosphere of filling sometimes.
Supposing has " gas piston " shown in dotted line in pulse tube, then be easy to the operating principle that illustrates that it is basic.Because be present in the gas in the pulse tube all the time, gas piston is being brought into play as the solid piston of stretching and is being acted on, thereby, the called after gas piston.It should be noted that the variation that the gas that passes through throttle orifice because of pressure vibration brings energy stream.When becoming high pressure in the pulse tube, along with the decline of pressure, gas constant enthalpy ground flows into buffer, and therefore, entropy increases.When becoming low pressure in the pulse tube, along with the decline of pressure, gas constant enthalpy ground flows out from buffer, and therefore, entropy also increases.
That is, as long as vibration continues, entropy will continue to increase, and therefore, carries out the absorption (or consumption) of continuous work done in this part.But the enthalpy stream in the throttle orifice is zero under loop equilibrium.As a result, certain work done is arranged by in the pulse tube, gas piston is being brought into play as decompressor and is being acted on, and the temperature at the junction surface between pulse tube and the regenerator reduces, thus the effect of performance refrigeration machine.Therefore, the mechanical device of freezing generation is different with the basic model pulse tube refrigerating machine, is the freezing generating mechanism according to GM circulation or Stirling circulation.
In orifice pulse tube cooler, owing to be not subjected to the restriction of critical-temperature gradient on the principle, so, can obtain the cryogenic temperature that the basic model pulse tube refrigerating machine can't obtain.But, existing problems aspect efficient.Because expansion working all is transformed into heat energy, therefore can not reclaim as work done, thereby, be not suitable in jumbo refrigeration system, using.Compare with the situation of Stirling circulation or GM circulation, the enthalpy stream by regenerator is big, freezing efficiency is low, so need big regenerator.
So-called desirable regenerator is meant so a kind of structure,, has infinitely-great specific heat and infinitely-great heat transfer surface area in limited space that is, and have flow axially on infinitely small and infinitely-great diametrically pyroconductivity.For example, the gas temperature that flows into from the regenerator two ends is respectively 300K, 30K, if regenerator keeps certain thermograde, then the gas that flows into 300K flows out with 30K, and the gas that flows into 30K flows out with 300K.In other words, the gas on the optional position of flow direction does not have temperature disturbance.
On the other hand, in fact the most general regenerator is, many thin woven wires of the conglobate mesh of punch process are layered in regenerator on the thin-wall stainless steel.Certainly, also there is a big difference apart from perfect condition, and therefore, gas produces temperature disturbance, and its result produces flowing of enthalpy, has reduced refrigerating capacity in fact.Flowing of so-called enthalpy is amassing with the resulting value of a circulation (cycle) integration, usefulness＜H fluid low pressure specific heat, temperature and flow〉expression, for the efficient that makes given regenerator is improved, that is to say, in order to reduce＜H, can only reduce flow.But the minimizing of flow can cause the minimizing of amount of work.Importantly, should take which type of mode, increase the amount of work of specific discharge.
In the basic model pulse tube, because hypothesis is desirable regenerator, therefore, the mobile＜H of the enthalpy in the regenerator 〉
RBe zero.The subscript R of energy stream represents in the regenerator, in the P indicating impulse pipe.Useless (non-efficient) merit that Figure 10 shows regenerator simultaneously in fact and the relation that exists between the minimizing of refrigerating capacity.At first, the energy stream in the pulse tube, its situation with the basic model pulse tube is different, does not have fully to freeze initial point at right-hand hot-fluid＜Q relatively 〉
PIf make the pulse tube inwall adiabatic fully, just do not have hot-fluid,＜Q 〉
P=0, therefore,＜W 〉
P=＜H 〉
P, but in fact what exist towards left＜Q
P
Yet, to compare with the basic model pulse tube, the reason of the easier decline of temperature is, the amount of work that absorbs by throttle orifice is obviously greater than the direct heat conveying capacity via the pulse tube wall.In other words, though the surface heat pump efficiency should be compressed than restriction,, under the situation of pinhole type,, also can control by flow, and can increase the work done uptake by to the adjustment of throttle orifice aperture even compression ratio is low.Because the enthalpy stream by throttle orifice is zero, work done stream reduces, so entropy increases.The entropy of this increase is discharged as heat in heat exchanger.That is to say, merit has been become heat.
On the other hand, can be expressly understood that actual refrigerating capacity is by pulse tube＜H〉from Figure 10
PDeduct by regenerator＜H
RValue.In refrigeration machine, have minimum arrival temperature, this be because, if input is certain, then along with decrease of temperature＜H 〉
PReduce, simultaneously＜H 〉
RIncrease, final refrigerating capacity Q becomes＜H 〉
P-＜H 〉
R=0.Therefore, if want to reduce minimum arrival temperature, then should make work done stream by pulse tube keep reducing flow, minimizing＜H in certain 〉
RBe very important.
Figure 11 is Japanese Patent Application 2002-179141 number pressure vibration generating means that proposes.In this pressure vibration generating means,, in the work done transfer tube, produce self-excited vibration by the heat hot input part.Make resonator resonance, and when merit inputed to heat exchanger, this work done was amplified by heat exchanger.This work done is delivered in the work done transfer tube, and exports to efferent.The work done of output is greater than the work done of input.The part of the work done of being exported is used as the air cylinder driven energy.Only pass through heating, but with regard to Continuous Drive pressure vibration generating means.The pressure vibration generating means can be very little.
Japanese kokai publication hei 11-182958 communique disclosed " pulse tube refrigerating machine " is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that the length of the resonantron by the driving compressor of shortening heat constitutes small-sized and compact conformation.By the working gas in the resonantron of enclosing hot driving compressor is heated cooling, make working gas produce self-excited vibration.Come the pressure amplitude of the working gas of the driving compressor of self-heating, act on the pulse tube and regenerator of refrigeration machine body, thus the fluids such as hydrogen in the cooling liquid container.That encloses the interior working gas use of resonantron is the mist of helium and other rare gas, and the length of shortening resonantron.Particularly, use the mist of He and Xe as mist.
But existing pulse tube refrigerating machine under the situation of using the motor compressor driven, exists the problem big and the generation electrical noise of vibrating.Exist the larger-size problem of resonantron in the compressor of use Stirling circulation etc.Utilizing under the situation of hollow resonator, also existing the big problem of vibration.Even the hot driving compressor of the disclosed pulse tube refrigerating machine of Japanese kokai publication hei 11-182958 communique can not solve this class problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of and can solve above-mentioned existing problem, small-sized and do not have the vibration and a pulse tube refrigerating machine of electrical noise.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention will by with the vibration generating arrangement of pulse tube refrigerating machine as hot driving pressure wave generating device, above-mentioned pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with the pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with the regenerator high temperature side; The reservoir of the band throttle orifice that is connected with the pulse tube high temperature side, and above-mentioned hot driving pressure wave generating device has: hot driving tube, it is made of with heat exchanger and work done transfer tube with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; Phase shifter, one end are connected on the hot driving tube output; Feedback network links together the other end of phase shifter and the input of hot driving tube.By this structure, can obtain small-sized and do not have the pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibration and noise.
That is, the resonator of vibration generating arrangement or phase shifter adopt solid displacer (displacer), and it is made the face-off type, thereby, can reduce vibration and miniaturization.In the hot driving pressure wave generating device of existing resonance cast, if small-scale structure then can not produce resonance, so have to make large scale structure.If when the hot driving pressure wave generating device of resonance cast was made small-scale structure, working gas and tube wall rubbed, and cause efficient very low, impracticable.Use the resonator or the phase shifter of solid displacer, can constitute hot driving pressure wave generating device small-sized and that efficient is high.Same reason by in a side that absorbs work done, is provided with the resonator or the phase shifter of solid displacer, can constitute pulse tube refrigerating machine small-sized and that efficient is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, hot driving pressure wave generating device that is used for the present invention's the 1st embodiment.
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, hot driving pressure wave generating device that is used for the present invention's the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, hot driving pressure wave generating device that is used for the present invention's the 3rd embodiment.
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, hot driving pressure wave generating device that is used for the present invention's the 4th embodiment.
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, resonator that is used for the present invention's the 5th embodiment.
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, phase shifter that is used for the present invention's the 6th embodiment.
Fig. 7 is schematic diagram pulse tube refrigerating machine, that leak phase shifter that is used for the present invention's the 7th embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that is used for action experimental result pulse tube refrigerating machine, hot driving pressure wave generating device of the present invention's the 3rd, 4 embodiments.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the energy stream graphics of the hot driving pressure wave generating device of expression.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the energy stream graphics of the existing pulse tube refrigerating machine of expression.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that is used for the hot driving pressure wave generating device of existing pulse tube refrigerating machine.
The specific embodiment
Below, describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 8.
(the 1st embodiment)
The 1st embodiment of the present invention is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that is driven about by hot driving pressure wave generating device, and above-mentioned hot driving pressure wave generating device has hot driving tube, phase shifter and feedback network.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of structure of the pulse tube refrigerating machine of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 1, pulse tube refrigerating machine 1 is an orifice pulse tube cooler.This pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with the pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with the regenerator high temperature side; The reservoir of the band throttle orifice that is connected with the pulse tube high temperature side.Though omitted diagram, identical with situation shown in Figure 10.Storage heater 2 is the devices that are used to form the isothermal space with uniform temperature gradient, is also referred to as regenerator (regenerator).Heating is devices from heat to storage heater 2 high temperature sides that supply with heat exchanger 3.Heat release is devices with storage heater 2 low temperature side cool to room temperature degree with heat exchanger 4.Work done transfer tube 5 is adiabatic spaces, and is the pipe that transmits work done by the pressure wave of working gas.Feedback network 6 is to make work done turn back to the pipe of storage heater 2 from phase shifter 7.Phase shifter 7 is the devices that the phase shift of air pressure ripple lagged behind by free pistons reciprocating in cylinder.Heat release is a device with the work done outlet side cool to room temperature degree of work done transfer tube 5 with heat exchanger 4a, constitutes hot driving tube with heat exchanger 3, work done transfer tube 5 and heat release with heat exchanger 4a with heat exchanger 4, storage heater 2, heating by heat release.Hot driving tube is so a kind of device: the high-temperature portion of heating storage heater 2, and cooling low-temp. portion, thus, on storage heater 2, form certain thermograde, and the work done of air pressure ripple is amplified.Constitute hot driving pressure wave generating device by hot driving tube, feedback network 6 and phase shifter 7.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 1st embodiment with said structure describes.When the phase shifter 7 (displacer) that is symmetrical set when vibrating symmetrically, the working gas vibration.As a result, produce hot-fluid with heat exchanger 3 to the heat release that is cooled to temperature T a with heat exchanger 4 from the heating that is heated to temperature T h.As a result, in system, produce pressure vibration.Between the displacement of this pressure vibration and working gas, exist specific phase difference, form work done stream thus.This is known as the energy of work done stream, is that a part that will be drawn into the heat energy in the system converts the energy of making function to.Its evidence is that the heat energy of discharging from system lacks than the heat energy that is sucked.
The flow direction of work done stream is from the heat release of temperature T a heating heat exchanger 3 sides of heat exchanger 4 towards temperature T h.That is, it is characterized in that, flow to the direction opposite with hot-fluid.This work done stream amplifies in the process by storage heater 2.The part of this work done that is exaggerated stream is by the heat release heat exchanger 4 of phase shifter 7 (displacer) from feedback network 6 supplying temperature Ta.All the other works done are supplied with as the drive source of pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.Supposed phase shifter 7 (displacer) vibration at first, but, if the temperature difference of heating-up temperature Th and exothermic temperature Ta is fully big, even when Continuous Drive phase shifter 7 (displacer), consume necessary work done, also can remain the work done that supplies to pulse tube refrigerating machine 1, therefore, can obtain self-excited vibration, not need to drive required work done from the outside supply.
When the part of the work done of work done transfer tube 5 output turns back to phase shifter 7 (displacer), make the piston vibration in the cylinder.The work done of returning converts the pressure wave different with the input pressure wave phase to by phase shifter 7 (displacer), and feeds back to the low temperature side of storage heater 2.The work done of feedback is amplified at storage heater 2, and passes to work done transfer tube 5, then, exports as traveling wave.Hot driving tube has the function to the amplifier of the work done amplification of input and output.The part of the work done of output is returned phase shifter 7 (displacer) once more, and hot driving tube continues to produce pressure wave.This hot driving pressure wave generating device is applicable to inertia type (Inertance) pulse tube refrigerating machine, also can use in generator etc.
As mentioned above, in the 1st embodiment of the present invention, be to come driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine by hot driving pressure wave generating device with hot driving tube, phase shifter, feedback network, therefore, can constitute small-sized and do not have the vibration and the pulse tube refrigerating machine of electrical noise, and can be with simple structure raising refrigerating efficiency.
(the 2nd embodiment)
The 2nd embodiment of the present invention is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that drives about by the hot driving pressure wave generating device with hot driving tube, resonator, phase shifter and feedback network.Hot driving pressure wave generating device is the Stirling engine type.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 2nd embodiment.In Fig. 2, resonator 8 is the gas spring resonators that are provided with at hot driving tube work done outlet side.Other structures are identical with the 1st embodiment.The basic structure of this pulse tube refrigerating machine is identical with existing pulse tube refrigerating machine shown in Figure 11.The piston of phase shifter can free reciprocating this point difference.By hot driving tube, feedback network 6, phase shifter 7 and resonator 8, constitute hot driving pressure wave generating device.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 2nd embodiment with said structure describes.When heating is fully heated with heat exchanger 3, in work done transfer tube 5, produce self-excited vibration, this self-excited vibration relatively, resonator 8 is with the prescribed phases difference resonance.In the resonator 8 that is arranged at hot driving tube outlet side, the resonating pressure wave of working gas and produce standing wave, the pressure wave that produces because of resonator 8 resonance is a standing wave, so, be eliminated (get り and go out The) without any work done.And the exchange of the work done between the resonator 8, the difference in one-period are zero.It is big that the amplitude of the working gas that moves in hot driving tube becomes, and the work done that is exaggerated in hot driving tube is transported in the pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.The work done that is generated in storage heater 2 is flowed to the direction opposite with hot-fluid.The action of phase shifter 7 is identical with the 1st embodiment.
This hot driving pressure wave generating device is a gas-powered self-excitation Stirling engine.The form of the energy stream of Stirling cylic engine is shown in Fig. 9 (a).Heat Qin supplies with from the high temperature side of storage heater 2, as heat Qout, is discharged from from the low temperature side of storage heater 2, and phase shifter 7 is as the acoustic energy inertia (sound Ring inertia) of feedback network.In order to reduce the vibration of machinery, phase shifter 7 and resonator 8 are disposed symmetrically.For at come-up state lower support piston, use the deflection bearing.The diameter of piston is 52mm.Movable quality is 1.85kg.The size of storage heater 2 is, diameter is 52mm, and length is 57mm, fills up the screen cloth of 200 meshes.The gap of piston and cylinder is about 15 μ m.In heating-up temperature is 580K, and average pressure is 1.5MPa, and when driving frequency was 24.5Hz, minimum work done magnifying power was 1.57.Driving frequency is higher than the resonant frequency 23.5Hz of piston.This hot driving pressure wave generating device is applicable to the inertia type pulse tube refrigerating machine, also can use in generator etc.
As mentioned above, in the 2nd embodiment of the present invention, be to come driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine by hot driving pressure wave generating device with hot driving tube, resonator, phase shifter and feedback network.Therefore, can constitute small-sized and do not have the vibration and the pulse tube refrigerating machine of electrical noise, and can improve refrigerating efficiency with simple structure.
(the 3rd embodiment)
The 3rd embodiment of the present invention is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that drives about by the hot driving pressure wave generating device with hot driving tube and resonator.Hot driving pressure wave generating device is a standing wave type.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 3rd embodiment.In Fig. 3, storage heater 2 is the devices that form the isothermal space with uniform temperature gradient.Heating is devices from heat to the high temperature side of storage heater 2 that supply with heat exchanger 3.Heat release is devices with the low temperature side cool to room temperature degree of storage heater 2 with heat exchanger 4.High temperature buffer 16 is reflected pressure ripple and the pipe that produces standing wave in hot driving tube.Constitute hot driving tube with heat exchanger 3, heat release with heat exchanger 4 and high temperature buffer 16 by storage heater 2, heating.Resonator 8 is the gas spring resonators that are provided with on the connecting portion of hot driving tube and pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.Constitute hot driving pressure wave generating device by hot driving tube and resonator 8.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 3rd embodiment with said structure describes.The pressure wave of working gas produces standing wave in resonator 8 resonance.
The end of the sealing of high temperature buffer 16 is the gas displacement node of standing wave.The connecting portion of resonator 8 is the antinode of standing wave.It is big that the amplitude of the working gas that moves in hot driving tube becomes, and the work done of amplifying in hot driving tube is transported in the pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.With the exchange of the work done of resonator 8, be zero in one-period difference.This hot driving pressure wave generating device is the standing wave type thermoacoustic engine.Use is known as the coarse net storage heater 2 of blast pipe.Different with the 1st, 2 embodiments, in this hot driving tube, the direction of work done stream is identical with the direction of hot-fluid.Flowing of energy flowed in the mode shown in Fig. 9 (d).The work done that pressure wave produces is from the low temperature side input of hot driving tube, and reflection in high temperature buffer 16 is amplified in storage heater 2, from the low temperature side output of hot driving tube.Thus, the low temperature side of hot driving tube becomes input, the output of work done.Even the length of hot driving tube is short, by means of resonator 8, also can make the amplitude of the antinode of standing wave become big, therefore,, also can improve the luminous efficiency of pressure wave even hot driving pressure wave generating device is small-sized.This hot driving pressure wave generating device is applicable to the inertia type pulse tube refrigerating machine, also can use in generator etc.
As mentioned above, in the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, because, by having the hot driving pressure wave generating device of hot driving tube and resonator, come driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine.Therefore, can constitute small-sized and do not have the vibration and the pulse tube refrigerating machine of electrical noise, and can improve refrigerating efficiency with simple structure.
(the 4th embodiment)
The 4th embodiment of the present invention is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that drives about the hot driving pressure wave generating device that is provided with resonator by the opposite side at hot driving tube outlet side.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 4th embodiment.In Fig. 4, pulse tube refrigerating machine 1 is an orifice pulse tube cooler.Storage heater 2 is the devices that form the isothermal space with uniform temperature gradient.Heating is devices from heat to the high temperature side of storage heater 2 that supply with heat exchanger 3.Heat release is devices with the low temperature side cool to room temperature degree of storage heater 2 with heat exchanger 4.Work done transfer tube 5 is adiabatic spaces, and is the pipe that transmits work done by the pressure wave of working gas.Heat release is a device with the work done outlet side cool to room temperature degree of work done transfer tube 5 with heat exchanger 4a.Constitute hot driving tube with heat exchanger 3, work done transfer tube 5 and heat release with heat exchanger 4a with heat exchanger 4, storage heater 2, heating by heat release.Hot driving tube is so a kind of device: the high-temperature portion of heating storage heater 2, the cooling low-temp. portion whereby, forms certain thermograde on storage heater 2, the work done of air pressure ripple is amplified.Resonator 8 is the gas spring resonators that are provided with in the hot driving tube and an opposite side of the connecting portion of pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.Constitute hot driving pressure wave generating device by hot driving tube and resonator 8.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 4th embodiment with said structure describes.In heat release heat exchanger 4 sides of temperature T a, a pair of resonator 8 (displacer) of left-right symmetry type is installed.To convert work done stream to the part of the hot-fluid of heat exchanger 3 from the heating of temperature T h.And then its part is discharged from heat exchanger 4 sides from the heat release of temperature T a, is used to drive resonator 8 (displacer).All the other works done are discharged from heat exchanger 3 sides from the heating of temperature T h, and supply with pulse tube refrigerating machine 1 by work done transfer tube 5.Owing to do not form closed loop (loop), so, the caused unstability of generation of circular flow eliminated.
The pressure wave of working gas resonates by resonator 8, and produces standing wave in resonator 8.It is big that the amplitude of the working gas that moves in hot driving tube becomes, and the work done of amplifying in the hot driving tube is transported in the pulse tube refrigerating machine 1.With the exchange of the work done of resonator 8, be zero at one-period.
In the experiment of hot driving pressure wave generating device, working gas is a helium and with resonant frequency 31.5Hz vibration, has obtained pressure ratio more than or equal to 1.1 by the average pressure 2.3MPa that is fit to driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine.Heating-up temperature Th is 723K, and chilling temperature Ta is 290K.In case pressure vibration begins, just continue vibration, become smaller or equal to 450K up to heating-up temperature, this experimental result is shown in Figure 8.This hot driving pressure wave generating device is applicable to the inertia type pulse tube refrigerating machine, also can use in generator etc.
As mentioned above, in the 4th embodiment of the present invention, be to come driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine by the hot driving pressure wave generating device that the opposite side at hot driving tube outlet side is provided with resonator.Therefore, can realize small-sized and do not have the vibration and the pulse tube refrigerating machine of electrical noise, and can improve refrigerating efficiency with simple structure.
(the 5th embodiment)
The 5th embodiment of the present invention is about have the pulse tube refrigerating machine of gas spring resonator between pulse tube and throttle orifice.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 5th embodiment.In Fig. 5, resonator 8a be will the sealing gas as spring, make the resonator of reciprocating motion of the pistons.Reservoir 13 is buffer tank of depositing working gas.Throttle orifice 14 is paths that working gas is applied resistance and it is passed through.Other structures are identical with the 4th embodiment.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 5th embodiment with said structure describes.Generally, as the phase control mechanism of the high pulse tube refrigerating machine of efficient, use being known as the long tube of inertia tube and " the inertia phase control mechanism " that storage container is connected in series.But this mechanism can not be applicable in the small-sized pulse tube refrigerating machine effectively.Its reason is, need dwindle the diameter of long tube, and the result has increased the pressure loss at the gas of this pipe internal vibration, simultaneously, reduced the gaseous mass that is present in this pipe, thereby desirable resonance condition is false.
On the other hand, if utilize control system with solid piston and choke valve and usefulness, even then very little pulse tube refrigerating machine, desirable resonance condition is also fully set up.Desirable resonance condition is meant, realizes that the gas displacement of pulse tube temperature end and the phase difference of pressure vibration surpass 90 states of spending.If the advanced technology that adopts nearest micromachine to learn is made the microminiature piston and just can not had any problem, this also is one of the factor of this technology of realization that levels off to.In order to make the pulse tube refrigerating machine miniaturization, the phase control mechanism of this mode is important.
By means of resonator 8a set between pulse tube 15 and choke valve 14, even short pulse tube also can produce resonance.Because resonator 8a becomes the antinode of vibration, so, can with big amplitude and choke valve 14 between carry out intercoursing of working gas.Can realize small-sized and effective phase control mechanism.Can use any type of pressure vibration generating means.
As mentioned above, in the 5th embodiment of the present invention, because pulse tube refrigerating machine constitutes: between pulse tube and choke valve, be provided with the gas spring resonator, therefore, do not need to use long resonantron, can realize small-sized and not have the pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibration and electrical noise, and can be with simple formation raising refrigerating efficiency.
(the 6th embodiment)
The 6th embodiment of the present invention is the pulse tube refrigerating machine that has phase shifter between pulse tube and choke valve.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 6th embodiment.In Fig. 6, phase shifter 7 is the devices that make the travel(l)ing phase delay of working gas.Other structures are identical with the 4th embodiment.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 6th embodiment with said structure describes.By means of the phase shifter 7 that is arranged between pulse tube 15 and the choke valve 14, postpone the travel(l)ing phase of working gas, can improve refrigerating efficiency.Compare with the situation of having only choke valve 14,, just can increase amount of phase shift, improve refrigerating efficiency the gas displacement of pressure wave by phase shifter 7.As 0 degree, if choke valve 14 then is set, phase difference just becomes 90 degree the phase place of the situation that does not have choke valve 14.And then when phase shifter 7 was set, phase difference just became the degree of 110 degree.In addition, owing to can therefore, can realize best operating characteristic by desired such characteristic that designs phase shifter 7.In addition, can utilize the pressure vibration generating means of the driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine of arbitrary type.
As mentioned above, in the 6th embodiment of the present invention, because pulse tube refrigerating machine constitutes: between pulse tube and choke valve, be provided with phase shifter, therefore, can realize small-sized and not have the pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibration and electrical noise, and can be with simple structure raising refrigerating efficiency.
(the 7th embodiment)
The 7th embodiment of the present invention is to have the pulse tube refrigerating machine that leaks phase shifter between pulse tube and reservoir.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the pulse tube refrigerating machine structure of expression the present invention the 7th embodiment.In Fig. 7, leak phase shifter 12 and be and between piston and cylinder, be provided with the displacer that makes the gap that working gas passes through.Choke valve is not set.
Action to the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention's the 7th embodiment with said structure describes.Be arranged on the leakage phase shifter 12 between pulse tube 15 and the reservoir 13, have the function of double as displacer and choke valve.On function, basic identical with the 6th embodiment.In the 6th embodiment, phase shifter and choke valve are connected in series, and be relative therewith, in this embodiment, considers from function, and phase shifter and choke valve are connected in parallel.By the gap between the cylinder and piston of leakage phase shifter 12 is used as choke valve, do not need to be provided with in addition choke valve, and can make equipment miniaturization.In addition, can use the pressure vibration generating means of arbitrary type.
As mentioned above, in the 7th embodiment of the present invention, pulse tube refrigerating machine is provided with the leakage phase shifter between pulse tube and reservoir, therefore, can constitute the work done absorption plant with simple structure.
Be appreciated that from the above description in the present invention, with the vibration generating arrangement of pulse tube refrigerating machine as hot driving pressure wave generating device.The reservoir of the band choke valve that the vibration generating arrangement of above-mentioned pulse tube refrigerating machine has pulse tube, the regenerator that is connected with the pulse tube low temperature side, the vibration generating arrangement that is connected with the regenerator high temperature side, be connected with the pulse tube high temperature side.Above-mentioned hot driving pressure wave generating device has: the hot driving tube that is made of with heat exchanger and work done transfer tube with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; One end is connected the phase shifter of this hot driving tube output; And the feedback network that the input of the other end of phase shifter and hot driving tube is linked together, therefore, can constitute small-sized and do not have the pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibration and noise.
Claims (7)
1. a pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with described pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with described regenerator high temperature side; The reservoir of the band choke valve that is connected with described pulse tube high temperature side is characterized in that,
Described vibration generating arrangement is hot driving pressure wave generating device, and this hot driving pressure wave generating device has: the hot driving tube that is made of with heat exchanger and work done transfer tube with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; One end is connected the phase shifter on the described hot driving tube output; And the feedback network that the input of the other end of described phase shifter and described hot driving tube is linked together; Described phase shifter is a face-off type solid displacer phase shifter.
2. a pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with described pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with described regenerator high temperature side; The reservoir of the band choke valve that is connected with described pulse tube high temperature side is characterized in that,
Described vibration generating arrangement is hot driving pressure wave generating device, and this hot driving pressure wave generating device has: hot driving tube, and it is made of with heat exchanger and high temperature buffer with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; Resonator is connected on the low-temp. portion end of described hot driving tube; Described resonator is a face-off type solid displacer resonator.
3. a pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with described pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with described regenerator high temperature side; The reservoir of the band choke valve that is connected with described pulse tube high temperature side is characterized in that,
Described vibration generating arrangement is hot driving pressure wave generating device, and this hot driving pressure wave generating device has: hot driving tube, and it is made of with heat exchanger and work done transfer tube with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; Resonator is connected on the input of described hot driving tube; Described resonator is a face-off type solid displacer resonator.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described pulse tube refrigerating machines, it is characterized in that,
Between described pulse tube and described choke valve, be provided with another face-off type solid displacer resonator.
5. pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described solid displacer resonator is the gas spring resonator.
6. as claim 2 or 3 described pulse tube refrigerating machines, it is characterized in that,
Have phase shifter between described pulse tube and described choke valve, described phase shifter is a face-off type solid displacer phase shifter.
7. a pulse tube refrigerating machine has: pulse tube; The regenerator that is connected with described pulse tube low temperature side; The vibration generating arrangement that is connected with described regenerator high temperature side; Reservoir with described pulse tube high temperature side is connected is characterized in that,
Described vibration generating arrangement is hot driving pressure wave generating device, and this hot driving pressure wave generating device has: hot driving tube, and it is made of with heat exchanger and high temperature buffer with heat exchanger, heat release storage heater, heating; Resonator is connected on the low-temp. portion end of described hot driving tube; Described resonator is a face-off type solid displacer resonator; Have the leakage phase shifter between described pulse tube and described reservoir, described leakage phase shifter is a face-off type solid displacer phase shifter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003091376 | 2003-03-28 | ||
| JP091376/2003 | 2003-03-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1768238A CN1768238A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
| CN100371657C true CN100371657C (en) | 2008-02-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800085447A Expired - Fee Related CN100371657C (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | Pulse tube refrigerator |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060277925A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1610075A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4362632B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100371657C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004088217A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4193970B2 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2008-12-10 | 独立行政法人 宇宙航空研究開発機構 | Pressure vibration generator |
| DE102005004269B4 (en) * | 2005-01-29 | 2006-11-02 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Magnetic resonance apparatus with in-phase coupling of pressure pulses of a working gas |
| US7434409B2 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2008-10-14 | Sunpower, Inc. | Pulse tube cooler having ¼ wavelength resonator tube instead of reservoir |
| US7628022B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2009-12-08 | Clever Fellows Innovation Consortium, Inc. | Acoustic cooling device with coldhead and resonant driver separated |
| US7614240B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2009-11-10 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Control method for pulse tube cryocooler |
| US8205459B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2012-06-26 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Thermo-electro-acoustic refrigerator and method of using same |
| CN102042194B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-09-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermocompressor driven by linear motors |
| JP2011099599A (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2011-05-19 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Heat transport pipe |
| CN101900447B (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-08-15 | 南京柯德超低温技术有限公司 | G-M refrigerator with phase modulating mechanism |
| US9163581B2 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2015-10-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Alpha-stream convertor |
| JP6564775B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2019-08-21 | チャート・インコーポレイテッドＣｈａｒｔ Ｉｎｃ． | Cryogenic cooler with magnetic reciprocating piston |
| JP6305286B2 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2018-04-04 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator |
| TWI609622B (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-12-21 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Cooling module |
| JP6740188B2 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2020-08-12 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Cryogenic refrigerator and pulse tube refrigerator temperature raising method |
| CN107806977B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Combined wide Mach number high enthalpy pulse wind tunnel tube structure |
| CL2017003498A1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-04 | Ahr Energy Spa | Method to produce heat transfer between two or more means and a system to execute said method. |
| CN113324343B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-06-07 | 太原理工大学 | Combined cooling heating and power system capable of recovering waste heat |
| FR3130017B1 (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-12-22 | Equium Groupe | Thermoacoustic machine with phase shift modulation |
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- 2004-03-26 CN CNB2004800085447A patent/CN100371657C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1610075A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| US20060277925A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
| JP4362632B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| WO2004088217A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| JPWO2004088217A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| CN1768238A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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