CN100369583C - Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body - Google Patents
Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body Download PDFInfo
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- CN100369583C CN100369583C CNB2005100190098A CN200510019009A CN100369583C CN 100369583 C CN100369583 C CN 100369583C CN B2005100190098 A CNB2005100190098 A CN B2005100190098A CN 200510019009 A CN200510019009 A CN 200510019009A CN 100369583 C CN100369583 C CN 100369583C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a non-traumatic method and a device for measuring the lead density of human phalanges and relates to an out-of-body direct measurement technology of heavy metal elements in human skeletons, particularly to a rapid non-traumatic method and a device for measuring the content of lead element in human forefinger skeletons. The method comprises the following steps: (1) exciting lead content information in a phalange; (2) detecting characteristic X rays released by exciting the lead content; (3) processing detected photoelectron signals; (4) analyzing, displaying and outputting the lead density value of the phalange. The X direction of an irradiation platform 1 of the device is provided with a finger positioning device 3, and the Y direction is provided with two radiators 2; the lower part of the Z direction is provided with a detector 4. The detector 4, a regulation and control device 5, a multi-channel analyzer 6 and an output device 7 are orderly electrically connected. The present invention can realize the non-traumatic measurement of bone lead in human bodies. If the finger positioning device 3 is simply modified, the device can directly rapidly and quantitatively analyze the content of lead in some foods in a non-destructive mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the external direct measuring of heavy metal element in the skeleton; Relate in particular to a kind of to lead element content in the human body forefinger skeleton carry out fast, the measuring method and the device thereof of non-invasive.Specifically, be that a kind of passing through activated lead element radioactivity in the human body, make it discharge characteristic X-ray fluorescence, again by this XRF of external detection, thus the technology of lead element content in definite body.This technology is called body internal X-ray fluorescence analysis (In vivo XRF).
Background technology
Lead is that the mankind are subjected to industry and environmental pollution to poison serious the first heavy metal trace element.Excessive lead accumulates in human body can seriously cause the multiple disease of human body, as causes the pathological changes of nervous system, hemopoietic system, hormonal system and reproductive system; Destroy human liver, renal function; Have a strong impact on the normal development and the growth of juvenile intelligence and health; More the crowd there is higher carcinogenic probability.
Chemistry commonly used and instrument analytical method on the clinical medicine judge that by measuring the human body blood lead content human body is subjected to the degree (GB11504-89 occupational chronic lead poisoning standard) of lead poisoning evil.Yet blood lead only has more than 20 day at the intravital biological half-life of people, and it can only reflect the recent saturnine situation of body.Lead enters after the human body, and nearly 95% lead element accumulates in the skeleton, and its biological half-life was 25 years.Therefore have only measure content plumbous in the skeleton be only the index of determining the human body lead poisoning order of severity (Lillian JSomervaille et al., phys.Med.Biol., 1985, Vol.30, NO.9,929-943).
External someone recently uses X-ray tube or γYuan to excite lead among the human leg bone, uses body internal X-ray fluorescent technique people's lower limb tibia lead content was carried out laboratory measurement (Huiling Nie at al, Nucl.Instr.﹠amp; Meth.In phy.Resear.B 213,2004 579-583), also has experiment to show that people's phalanges lead density is consistent with people's lower limb tibia and other bony segment lead density, and therefore measuring human body phalanges lead density has important representative meaning.
So far domesticly do not see other suitable clinical medicine is arranged and the counterweight metal is environmental pollution surveys, small-sized, human body phalanges lead content does not have the wound measuring device.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the existing defective of measuring lead content (blood lead) technology in the human body, provide a kind of human body phalanges lead density not have wound measuring method and device thereof, be clinical medicine, environmental pollution surveys, also provide technological means simultaneously for lead content non-destructive analysis in some food (as preserved egg, canning beverage).
1, method
As Fig. 1, this method has the following step:
1. excite a to excite lead element in the phalanges to lead content information in the phalanges, make the information of lead element energy and intensity characterize out by gamma-rays;
2. the characteristic X-ray that lead element is excited to discharge is surveyed b by highly-sensitive detector detection feature X ray, and converts photoelectron signal to;
3. the photoelectron signal that detects is handled c carries out signal waveform by the electronic signal modulator conversion, amplification and preliminary analysis;
4. the lead density value shows and output d multichannel analyzer Analysis of X ray energy spectrum in analysis and the bone, the function demonstration of utilization software and output phalanges lead density value.
2, device
As Fig. 2, this device comprises that the plumbous width of cloth of finger is according to the A of mechanism and the B of collection analysis mechanism two parts;
Refer to the plumbous width of cloth according to the A of mechanism by irradiation platform 1, irradiator 2, refer to that body localizer 3 forms; The B of collection analysis mechanism is made up of detector 4, signals-modulating device 5, multichannel analyzer 6, follower 7;
On irradiation platform 1, its directions X is provided with and refers to body localizer 3, and its Y direction is provided with two irradiators 2, and the bottom of its Z direction is provided with detector 4; Detector 4, modulator 5, multichannel analyzer 6, follower 7 are electrically connected successively.
1) the irradiation platform 1
2) irradiator 2
As Fig. 3, irradiator 2 is made up of γYuan 2.1, wire chamber 2.2, lid 2.3 and base 2.4;
Wire chamber 2.2 and base 2.4 are connected as a single entity, and γYuan 2.1 places in the wire chamber 2.2, and wire chamber 2.2 and lid 2.3 are by being threaded.
3) refer to body localizer 3
As Fig. 4, refer to that body localizer 3 is made up of guide rail 3.1, location-plate 3.2, macro ring 3.3, little ring 3.4, lifting screw 3.5; Location-plate 3.2 belows are provided with lifting screw 3.5 for four jiaos, and location-plate 3.2 places in two guide rails 3.1, are provided with macro ring 3.3 and little ring 3.4 above the location-plate 3.2.
4) detector 4
As Fig. 5, detector 4 is made up of probe 4.1, shield 4.2, base 4.3, frid 4.4;
Shield 4.2 and base 4.3 are connected as a single entity, and base 4.3 and frid 4.4 are connected by emboss pit, are provided with probe 4.1 in shield 4.2.
Probe 4.1 is selected a cover high-resolution, low energy X ray photon probe for use, can survey the following X ray of energy 122kev effectively; When the ray of γYuan 2.1 was orthogonal state with probe 4.1 axis, becoming 90 ° of compton scattered photons peak energy was 98.1 kev.The K of several lead
αThe X ray peak is on the Compton scattering peak height energy slope on one side.
Shield 4.2 selects for use the tungsten metal to make material.
Probe 4.1 can be forward and backward moves or by bolting.
5) modulator 5
As Fig. 6, modulator 5 is made up of time-delay amplifier 5.1, linear amplifier 5.2, analog-digital converter 5.3; Time-delay amplifier 5.1, linear amplifier 5.2, analog-digital converter 5.3 are electrically connected successively.
After the pre-amplifying circuit amplification of the photoelectron signal process of detector 4 receptions, input modulator 5 carries out the analysis of conversion, linear amplification, signal screening and the spoke degree of signal waveform.
6) multichannel analyzer 6 and follower 7
As Fig. 7, multichannel analyzer 6 by amplifier 6.1, standard linear gate 6.2, crest chronotron 6.3, SCA6.4, ADC6.5, depositor 6.6, keyboard or mouse 6.7, controller 6.8, display 6.9, I/O interface 6.10, form;
Amplifier 6.1, standard linear gate 6.2, crest chronotron 6.3, ADC6.5, depositor 6.6, I/O interface 6.10 connect successively;
SCA6.4 is connected with standard linear gate 6.2, ADC6.5 respectively;
Keyboard or mouse 6.7, controller 6.8, I/O interface 6.10 connect successively;
Display 6.9 is connected with depositor 6.6, controller 6.8 respectively.
As Fig. 7, follower 7 is connected with I/O interface 6.10.
Amplify through amplifier 6.1 again from the pulse of modulator 5 outputs, enter the standard linear gate 6.2 of restriction pulse classification, between crest chronotron 6.3 and SCA6.4 and ADC6.5, form the feedback signal computing, numeration is stored in the depositor 6.6.By the operation signal of manual keyboard or mouse 6.7, utilize 6.8 pairs of controllers to deposit signal and carry out " demonstration " (display 6.9) or provide " input, output " (I/O interface 6.10) instruction simultaneously.On display screen, show various x-ray photon counting spectrums.Utilization coded program software is to K
αOr the integral counting analysis is implemented at the L peak.The basic process of multiple tracks energy spectrum analysis that Here it is.On display 6.9 or by output printer, directly provide bone lead density value ρ
x
This device operation principle is:
Finger body ZT[people's left index finger to be measured or forefinger phantom (phantoms)] be positioned in the finger body localizer 3.Lead element in the false bone of phalanges or phantom, by γYuan 2.1 irradiation on one line of front and back, two sources shield by the stainless steel metal body, and make ray obtain collimation.Lead element in the false bone of phalanges or phantom is activated, the electron transition of lead atom and scatter K series and the serial characteristic X-ray of L.Survey the probe 4.1 of axis and the orthogonal detector 4 of radiation and accept all signals.Pre-amplifying circuit by photon probe 4.1 makes weak optical signal be converted to electric impulse signal.Electric impulse signal enters modulator 5,
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1. compare with external prior art, utilize the isotope gamma ray projector to replace the X ray excited fluorescence of polarization X-ray tube, make device miniaturization; Changing measurement forefinger lead content into by measurement people lower limb tibia lead can make human body accept the minimizing of radiolabeled biotin dose equivalent; Utilization coherent scattering canonical measure has avoided people's lower limb X ray image to determine the operation of lower limb tibia sectional area, makes the present invention operate more and oversimplifies.Therefore for generally hospital and public institution's on-radiation occupational staff use this device that favourable prerequisite is provided.
2. chemistry and the instrument analytical method with routine contrasts, the content analysis (In vitro) that the latter can only exsomatize to blood lead (or lead in urine), it just infers human body lead poisoning degree methods indirectly, and because the blood lead biological half-life is very short, therefore accuracy is relatively poor, only can reflect that current period, human body was subjected to the level of lead contamination, can not determine that long term human is subjected to the build-up effect of lead contamination.Have only the traumatic bone sample analyzed in vitro of getting if will obtain content plumbous in the bone, bring disadvantageous wound and misery to human body.And the present invention can realize the noninvasive measurement (in vivo) of human body internal skeleton lead, and the radioactive radiation dosage of being accepted is very little, and is fool proof, and therefore, its superiority is outstanding unusually.
3. as referring to the simple repacking of body localizer 3 dos, can implement direct non-destructive ground to the lead content in some food carry out fast, quantitative analysis, as measurement, so the present invention has multifunctional usage to the lead content in preserved egg, puffed rice, Semen Pisi sativi and canning medicated beer, vinegar, soy sauce, the beverage etc.
Description of drawings
The step block diagram of Fig. 1-this method;
Fig. 2-this device is formed sketch map;
Fig. 3 .1-irradiator front view, Fig. 3 .2-irradiator right view;
Fig. 4 .1-refers to body localizer front view, and Fig. 4 .2-refers to body localizer right view,
Fig. 4 .3-refers to body localizer vertical view;
Fig. 5 .1-detector front view, 5.2-detector right view;
Fig. 6-modulator block diagram;
Fig. 7-multichannel analyzer and follower block diagram.
Wherein:
A-excites lead content information in the skeleton;
B-surveys the characteristic X-ray that lead atom is excited to discharge;
C-handles the photoelectron signal that detects;
The lead density value shows and output in d-analysis and the bone.
ZT-refers to body.
1-irradiation platform, the 1.1-barricade;
The 2-irradiator, 2.1-γYuan, 2.2-wire chamber, 2.3-lid, 2.4-base;
3-refers to the body localizer, the 3.1-guide rail, and the 3.2-location-plate, the 3.3-macro ring,
3.4-little ring, the 3.5-lifting screw;
The 4-detector, 4.1-probe, 4.2-shield, 4.3-base, 4.4-frid;
5-modulator, the 5.1-amplifier of delaying time, 5.2-linear amplifier, 5.3-analog-digital converter;
The 6-multichannel analyzer, 6.1-amplifier, 6.2-standard linear gate, 6.3-crest chronotron, 6.4-SCA, 6.5-ADC, 6.6-depositor, 6.7-keyboard (mouse), 6.8-controller, 6.9-display, 6.10-I/O interface;
The 7-follower.
The specific embodiment
Further specify below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
1. as follows to each part requirement:
◇ such as Fig. 2 regulate two γYuan, 2.1 center radiation lines in YY ' direction, and the finger body ZT direction that adjusting refers to body localizer 3 is in XX ' direction, and XX ' direction and YY ' direction are orthogonal to 0 point; Making the big joint of forefinger be at 0 locates; Pop one's head in 4.1 central axis in ZZ ' direction, and ZZ ' direction passes through at 0 perpendicular to the XY plane.
◇ such as Fig. 3 in the irradiator 2, select two pieces of γYuan 2.1 for use, source strength 2 * 2GBq, diameter phi 3.0mm, thickness 3.0mm.
Wire chamber 2.2, its thickness 3.0mm, internal diameter φ 3.2mm, high 3.2mm; There is the thick copper sheet of 0.5mm in its place ahead as screen plate, to absorb the ray of no using value.
On the lid 2.3 the thick outlet window of 0.2mm is arranged, all material is made of stainless steel.
◇ such as Fig. 4 refer in the body localizer 3, and macro ring 3.3 and little ring 3.4 are semicircle plastic hoop, macro ring 3.3 radius 12-13mm, and little ring 3.4 radius 9-11mm, two rings are at a distance of 35-45mm; Location-plate 3.2 is the vinyon plate, its length and width, thick 70-90mm, 40-60mm, the 4-6mm of being designed to respectively.
◇ such as Fig. 5, in the detector 4, probe is selected for use for 4.1 (containing prime amplifier):
Low?Energy?Ge?Detector(Area?200?mm
2Thickness?20?mm?FWHM?122?kev：520ev)。
◇ such as Fig. 6, in the modulator 5,
Time-delay amplifier 5.1 is selected Model1457 for use,
Linear amplifier 5.2 is selected Model2022 for use,
Analog-digital converter 5.3 is selected Model2015 for use.
◇ such as Fig. 7, multichannel analyzer 6 select Model8701 ADC and Genie-2000 software microcomputer (MCA) for use.
Selected instrument model is a beautiful CANBERRA company product.
2. other technical parameter
I) radiation γYuan
57Co activity 2 * 2GBq, the isotope gamma ray dot source;
Ii) radiolabeled biotin dose equivalent EDE≤4.2 μ Sv that accepted in 1200 seconds during irradiatometer of forefinger;
Iii) pop one's head in and be Low Energy Ge Detector 4.1 (containing prime amplifier)
(?Area?200mm
2Thickness?20mm?FWHM?122?kev：520ev)
Iv) phantom phantoms proofreaies and correct material and lead content
By methyl methacrylate (C
5H
8O
2)
n, make forefinger " muscle " (Tissue), middle with Gypsum Fibrosum preparata (CaSO
42H
2O) cylinder that adds lead content is made " skeleton " (bone), and lead content is respectively 0,5,10,20,40,60,80,100 μ gPb/gbone.
The v) minimum detection limit of the content of bone lead (mass density) (MDL) in the forefinger
ρ≤10μgPb/g·bone。
Claims (1)
1. a human body phalanges lead density does not have the wound measuring device, comprises multichannel analyzer (6), it is characterized in that:
On irradiation platform (1), its directions X is provided with and refers to body localizer (3), and its Y direction is provided with two irradiators (2), and the bottom of its Z direction is provided with detector (4); Detector (4), modulator (5), multichannel analyzer (6), follower (7) are electrically connected successively;
Described irradiation platform (1), it is provided with barricade (1.1);
Described irradiator (2) is made up of γYuan (2.1), wire chamber (2.2), lid (2.3) and base (2.4); Wire chamber (2.2) and base (2.4) are connected as a single entity, and γYuan (2.1) places in the wire chamber (2.2), and wire chamber (2.2) and lid (2.3) are by being threaded;
Described finger body localizer (3) is made up of guide rail (3.1), location-plate (3.2), macro ring (3.3), little ring (3.4), lifting screw (3.5); Location-plate (3.2) below is provided with lifting screw (3.5) for four jiaos, and location-plate (3.2) places in two guide rails (3.1), is provided with macro ring (3.3) and little ring (3.4) above the location-plate (3.2);
Described detector (4) is made up of probe (4.1), shield (4.2), base (4.3), frid (4.4); Shield (4.2) and base (4.3) are connected as a single entity, and base (4.3) is connected by emboss pit with frid (4.4), is provided with probe (4.1) in shield (4.2);
Described modulator (5) is made up of time-delay amplifier (5.1), linear amplifier (5.2), analog-digital converter (5.3); Time-delay amplifier (5.1), linear amplifier (5.2), analog-digital converter (5.3) are electrically connected successively;
Described multichannel analyzer (6) is made up of amplifier (6.1), standard linear gate (6.2), crest chronotron (6.3), SCA6. (4), ADC6. (5), depositor (6.6), keyboard or mouse (6.7), controller (6.8), display (6.9), I/O interface (6.10);
Described follower (7) is connected with I/O interface (6.10);
In the irradiator (2), γYuan (2.1), its source strength 2 * 2GBq, diameter phi 3.0mm, thickness 3.0mm; Wire chamber (2.2), its thickness 3.0mm, internal diameter φ 3.2mm, high 3.2mm, its place ahead is provided with the thick copper sheet of 0.5mm as screen plate; Lid (2.3) is provided with the thick outlet window of 0.2mm;
Refer to that macro ring (3.3) and little ring (3.4) they are semicircle plastic hoop in the body localizer (3), macro ring (3.3) radius 12-13mm, and little ring (3.4) radius 9-11mm, two rings are at a distance of 35-45mm; Location-plate (3.2) is the vinyon plate, its length and width, thick 70-90mm, 40-60mm, the 4-6mm of being designed to respectively;
In the detector (4), probe (4.1) is Low Energy Ge Detector;
In the modulator (5), time-delay amplifier (5.1) is selected Model1457 for use, and linear amplifier (5.2) is selected Model2022 for use, and analog-digital converter (5.3) is selected Model2015 for use;
Multichannel analyzer (6) is selected Model8701 ADC and Genie-2000 software microcomputer MCA for use.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100190098A CN100369583C (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100190098A CN100369583C (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1726868A CN1726868A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| CN100369583C true CN100369583C (en) | 2008-02-20 |
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| CNB2005100190098A Active CN100369583C (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body |
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| CN107854131B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-03-02 | 武汉瑞博恩科技发展有限公司 | Multi-element non-invasive testing method and device for human tissue |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4845729A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-07-04 | Elex Analytical Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for diagnosis of lead toxicity |
| US5461654A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1995-10-24 | Grodzins; Lee | X-ray fluorescence detector |
| CN2829639Y (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2006-10-25 | 王海婴 | Lead density woundless measurer through human finger's bone |
-
2005
- 2005-06-29 CN CNB2005100190098A patent/CN100369583C/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4845729A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-07-04 | Elex Analytical Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for diagnosis of lead toxicity |
| US5461654A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1995-10-24 | Grodzins; Lee | X-ray fluorescence detector |
| CN2829639Y (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2006-10-25 | 王海婴 | Lead density woundless measurer through human finger's bone |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Normalisation with coherent scatter signal: improvementsinthe calibration procedure of the 57Co-based in vivoXRFbone-Pb measurement. Joanne M. et al.Applied Radiation and Isotopes,Vol.54 . 2001 * |
| 体内测量骨铅浓度的X荧光分析技术. 黄士斌，傅华.中华物理医学杂志，第20卷第2期. 1998 * |
| 应用X荧光分析法测定体内骨铅含量方法初探. 田琳，黄士斌.中国职业医学，第30卷第5期. 2003 * |
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Application publication date: 20060201 Assignee: Wuhan Jianghan Meisi Technology Development Co., Ltd. Assignor: Wang Haiying Contract record no.: 2017420000011 Denomination of invention: Non-traumatic method and device for measuring lead density of phalanges in human body Granted publication date: 20080220 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20170405 |
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