CN100365301C - 轴承总成 - Google Patents

轴承总成 Download PDF

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CN100365301C
CN100365301C CNB021017468A CN02101746A CN100365301C CN 100365301 C CN100365301 C CN 100365301C CN B021017468 A CNB021017468 A CN B021017468A CN 02101746 A CN02101746 A CN 02101746A CN 100365301 C CN100365301 C CN 100365301C
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bearing
layer
rubber
bearing assembly
cover
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CN1368607A (zh
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小罗伊·李·奥恩多夫
菲利普·保罗·布雷迪
沃伦·基恩·兰斯顿
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Duramax Marine LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/32—Other parts
    • B63H23/321—Bearings or seals specially adapted for propeller shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/14—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load specially adapted for operating in water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/06—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement by means of parts of rubber or like materials
    • F16C27/063—Sliding contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/08—Attachment of brasses, bushes or linings to the bearing housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/22—Sliding surface consisting mainly of rubber or synthetic rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B29C66/73151—Hardness
    • B29C66/73152—Hardness of different hardness, i.e. the hardness of one of the parts to be joined being different from the hardness of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C2326/30—Ships, e.g. propelling shafts and bearings therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49668—Sleeve or bushing making
    • Y10T29/4967—Nonmetallic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴承总成，包括：一个圆柱形的外套，其内表面限定一个环形腔；多个部分弧形的轴承区段，它们附着在所述套的内表面上，每个区段部分地围绕所述内环形腔的周围延伸，所述每个部分弧形的轴承区段包括：复合的圆柱形壳体，其具有内圆周面和外圆周面，所述壳体的外圆周面附着在套的内表面上；和弹性轴承层，接合在所述壳体的内圆周面上；以及保持装置，用于将所述部分弧形的轴承区段保持在所述圆柱形套上。

Description

轴承总成
发明领域
本发明涉及轴承总成，特别涉及，如在大型舰艇中，在支撑水润滑推进器轴中用的新型轴承总成。
发明背景
带有弹性轴承件的轴承总成已知特别适用于这类用途，因为，它们具有良好的抗腐蚀性流体的性能，并具有良好的抵抗在轴和轴承工作的海水中悬浮的外来颗粒的磨损性能。
这类轴承总成之一包括一个外耐腐蚀的支撑或壳，和多个在壳内设置的沿圆周均匀分隔开的弹性栅，所述栅选择地接触轴，支撑轴。
另一类这样的轴承总成包括一个外耐腐蚀的支撑或壳，和一个较大的弹性轴承接触表面，它设置在壳内，在比带栅的轴承类型更大的圆周面积上接触轴。这类轴承称为圆孔或部分圆弧轴承(某些情况中)。
部分圆弧轴承制造起来困难，因为，它们必须具有精确的公差。迄今，部分圆弧轴承是通过将轴承件固定到壳的内表面，并将所述弹性件加工到正确尺寸进行制造。然而加工过程使所述件产生疤痕，从而显著提高轴承和轴间的摩擦系数，并使得这两件的磨损速度提高。
一直在努力改进这类轴承的多功能性，实用性和效果。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种轴承总成，该轴承总成用于在大型舰艇中支承水润滑推进器轴，所述轴承总成包括：一个圆柱形的外套，其内表面限定一个环形腔；多个部分弧形的轴承区段，它们附着在所述套的内表面上，每个区段部分地围绕所述内环形腔的周围延伸，所述每个部分弧形的轴承区段包括：复合的圆柱形壳体，其具有内圆周面和外圆周面，所述壳体的外圆周面附着在套的内表面上；和弹性轴承层，接合在所述壳体的内圆周面上；以及保持装置，用于将所述部分弧形的轴承区段保持在所述圆柱形套上。
本发明形成的部分圆弧轴承总成具有减小的摩擦系数，和磨损速度，同时减小制造成本。
通过对附图所示的说明实施例的详细说明，本发明的目的，特点和优点会变得明了。
附图的简要说明
图1是本发明轴承总成侧视，部分剖视图；
图2是本发明轴承总成端视图；
图2a是取自图2的2a-2a线内的部分的放大图；
图3是本发明轴承材料部分端视图；
图4是本发明轴承总成施加粘结剂工具等轴图；
图4a是对本发明轴承总成，用图4所示工具施加的粘结剂图形的顶视图；
图5是根据本发明固化时，本发明轴承总成等轴图；
图6a-6b是为本发明轴承总成用的轴承材料的另一实施例的等轴图。
详细说明
见图，图中相同的标号表示相同的或一致的部件，图中示出，轴承总成10具有一个外圆柱轴承套15。它围绕轴向中心线5。这刚性的轴承套15可以是金属结构的，如黄铜的，或塑料的壳，或一个带有多个环形设置的，径向相邻的层的非金属复合材料结构，或一个由玻璃纤维强化的或树脂基体浸渍的复合材料结构。套15具有凸缘17，它具有在内的安装孔18。
结合到套15内表面的是多个部分圆弧轴承段20。轴承总成10被示出具有八个轴承段20，但较多或较少也可用。每个段围绕套15的内部在圆周上延伸约180度。轴承段20具有一个光滑的轴承表面16。轴承段20限定在内安装轴(未示出)中心孔14，轴接触轴承表面16。轴承段20由多个片26固定，固定片用螺栓或螺丝30牢靠地安在套15上。最好在段20的圆周端，形成导角34，形成与固定片或横条26的良好的界面，并防止段20向孔14的中心凸出。
轴承段20最好由两层22、24组成，并且一个弹性体层22最好粘结到玻璃纤维强化的环氧树脂壳24上。弹性体限定为这样的物质，在室温它可伸长至少到它原来长度的两倍，并且在伸长后应力除去，若施加力又在短时间恢复到大约它的原来长度。(见Glossary of Terms，ASTM Committee D-11准备的关于橡胶和类似橡胶的材料，由美国测试材料协会公布)。在构成本发明中可用的弹性体和橡胶材料包括任何已知的弹性体，如天然橡胶，丁腈橡胶，SBR橡胶，丁二烯和丙烯腈的共聚物，丁二烯和苯乙烯的共聚物，丁二烯和烷基丙烯酰胺共聚物，异丁橡胶，如乙烯-丙烯的烯烃橡胶类和EPDM橡胶，碳氟橡胶类，氟硅橡胶，硅橡胶，氯磺化聚乙烯，聚丙烯酸盐，聚丁二烯，氯丁橡胶等。然而如前所述，具有高弹性的丁腈橡胶和其它弹性体是最好的。这样的弹性体具有较低肖氏A硬度(小于90)。最好材料是B.F.Goodrich Company供应的系列号H-201的材料。H-201是丁腈橡胶，具有约85±5的肖氏A硬度。
复合壳24最好由玻璃纤维强化的环氧树脂构成，玻璃重量约占70％。
轴承总成段20的制造如下：
A·轴承段模制
1.固化的H-201橡胶碾压成薄板，使得它可装配到一定的模中。模底板应具有光滑表面光洁度(即小于8微英寸)。
2.将模预热到215。围绕板的周边系上一个直径0.250英寸的绳子，将碾压的薄板装入模，将它保持在中心。在弹性体的整个顶部表面放一个薄的聚酯薄板，最好是MYLAR。MYLAR是DuPontdeNemours E.I.Company的商标。在215和低压下(小于1,000psi)闭合模20分钟。这使弹性体薄板成形。然后打开模，并用无皱纹的MYLAR替换皱了纹的。然后闭合模，在310°高压下(2,000-2,600psi)固化45分钟。
3.不冷却，并从模中取下固化的薄板，切割成形。然后从边部去掉绳子。
4.用自动研磨机，砂磨所述段的背部的橡胶(即光滑轴承表面的相反表面)达到希望要的厚度。在轴和轴承间的复合材料套的内径，粘结剂层厚度，轴外径和希望的间隙都涉及到希望橡胶厚度的计算。
B·复合材料套的制造
1.使用Dura Wound Company供应的11-A型的丝线缠绕机，在一个适当大小的复合材料芯轴上缠绕环氧树脂浸渍的玻璃纤维，到希望的外直径尺寸。缠绕前用MYLAR带盖上芯棒。丝线与轴向中心线的角度应约为78度，以便使圆环强度最大，减少回跳到最小。
2.在室温固化套48-72小时。
B·取下芯棒并加工复合材料套
1.从芯棒拉出套。
2.剥掉套内径表面的MYLAR。测量并平均粗的内径测量值。将车床的软铁卡爪卡盘切割成粗直径大小。加工内径的1.5长度。切割软卡爪大到产品的内径尺寸。然后整个车削壳体，并精加工内外径到正确尺寸。应注意，套可以加工到希望内径尺寸的0.0001英寸。
C·将砂磨的弹性体轴承段结合到套
1.将橡胶弹性体段切割到正确尺寸。在套内径上标出中心线。将约50％体积的B.F.Goodrich Company供应的样本号为EL2995A环氧树脂粘结剂和50％体积的B.F.Goodrich Company供应的样本号为EL2995B的胺混合。
见图4，用图示的带槽镘刀40将粘结剂分布于套上。镘刀可通过加工槽制成。槽应约0.09375英寸宽，0.0625英寸深，带有0.125英寸的槽间的分开距离。镘中的槽使得粘结剂以相互平行圆周线分布，当被轴承段压缩时，粘结剂被弄平到固定厚度的粘结剂层，没有或很小的空隙。图4a示出平行粘结剂线40a的图形。用较好的镘刀，可获得小于或等于0.005英寸的粘结剂厚度，最好是0.001英寸。为了与层的粘结强度最大，必须仔细施加粘结剂，获得约0.001英寸的厚度。如果粘结剂层过厚，会发生开裂或脆断。一次粘结一个半圆周轴承，在侧面的中心线停止。
然后在粘结的内径上放置每个轴承段。用一个辊相对于复合材料壳的内径表面滚压弹性体薄板。
2.见图5，将一个可膨胀的空气囊42置于套内径的中心。气囊42最好是由两层弹性体薄层44，46，在它们的各自外边结合在一起制成。膨胀阀48，压力计和管50用于使气囊42膨胀。在气囊的顶上放置一个橡胶垫(约0.50英寸)。将气囊42胀大约3.5psi，并保持7小时或更长时间。用气囊42确保向整个的轴承表面施加相等的径向压力。因为气囊42是由较软(肖氏硬度A＝65±5)的弹性体制造的，不会损坏轴承表面。应注意，气囊42从气囊的中部到端部自然膨胀，因此在粘结剂分散开成为均匀层时，通过推压在粘结剂中存在的气泡有邦助从套的端部消除气泡。
3.粘结剂应在室温，大气压下固化，因为加热和压力会不利地改变橡胶轴承材料22的摩擦系数和耐磨性，并且使粘结剂层变薄。粘结剂层固化后，将气囊放气，取出。
D·分开和加工45度角
1.然后将轴承段20置于水平镗床上，被分开，并加工它们的侧角。
2.用甲基乙基酮(MEK)清洁套。组装轴承并安装固定片。沿条垫垫片，需要时用不锈钢垫片。
应注意，本发明避免在弹性体轴承表面上的加工，从而保持一个光滑的象玻璃一样的精度，这使得水润滑的摩擦系数保持在一个很低的水平。通过准确的加工轴承套15的内径，仅准确的加工每个弹性体轴承段的结合表面，使用带槽的镘刀在套内径上分布粘结剂，并在粘结剂固化时用气囊向轴承段施加缓和的均匀的压力，避免了所述加工。膨胀装置42也可利用空气外的流体作为介质，向轴承套施加固化轴承材料径向压力。而且，套也可切割成较小的单位，以便更好地易于弹性体轴承段的安装，然后在固化或安装前再组装。
见图6a-6b，示出轴承段20的轴承材料22的另一实施例。轴承材料模制成大型柔性的板坯。材料22模制成大型柔性板坯。材料靠着一个带有很多凸起的粗织物或板模制成形。模制的板坯由弹性体/塑料复合材料制成，如在共有的美国专利3,993,371中说明的那些，或最好是，美国专利4,725,151；4,735,982公开的匀质滑动聚合物合剂(SPA)。以上专利本说明全部引述。SPA轴承材料层最好约为0.125英寸厚。然后当板坯固化时，粘结到丁腈橡胶衬薄板上。橡胶衬使得板坯可弯曲，并且，当被研磨，使用室温固化的环氧树脂粘结剂或接触水泥，容易与金属或复合材料轴承套结合。用机床易于快速砂磨或研磨橡胶支撑衬，形成特定轴承尺寸的正确的总板坯厚度。粘结剂层大约增加轴承总壁厚的0.001英寸。因此不需要研磨或加工轴承表面。研磨轴承表面增加摩擦力和磨损。
见图6a，通过在一个模中形成弹性体的底部层110，可制成另一个轴承材料22。较好的弹性体的产品样本号为H-212，B.F.GoodrichCompany供应。另外，在弹性体上形成滑性聚合物合剂(SPA)的顶层112。热塑性塑料和热固橡胶剂料以及少量润滑剂形成SPA。SPA是多相的合剂，其中热塑性塑料是连续的相，热固橡胶是不连续的相分散在其中。即，形成热塑性塑料基体，它具有热固剂料和润滑剂分散于其中，与搀和不同。
热塑性剂料可以是任何具有韧性，低摩擦系数和好的耐磨性的聚合物。这种聚合物的特定组包括各种通常本领域已知的超高分子量的聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。超高分子量聚乙烯一般分类为，具有平均分子量大于2.5百万的那些，即在3.0百万-7.0百万间，使用溶解粘度法(solution viscosity method)形成。一个希望的范围是4百万-6.5百万，最好的范围是5百万-6百万。这样的聚乙烯由Hoechst CelaneseCorporation供应，名为GUR413。
超高分子量聚乙烯以及其他一般对本发明适用的聚合物，具有低的摩擦性，如轴速在每分钟零转数时，0.25或更小的静摩擦的剥离(breakaway)系数，最好在0.20以下，优选在0.15以下。本发明的希望的热塑性塑料也具有20或更大的V形缺口冲击韧性值(ASTMD256)，最好是30或大于30。但是，无缺口测定试样是不断裂的。本发明的热塑性塑料也具有砂浆磨损试验测定的良好的耐磨性。砂浆磨损测定是Hoechst Celanese Corporation的一个测试法，其中测试试样(1″×3″×1/4″)一般是在含有两份水和三份砂的砂浆中，以1200转/分，旋转24小时以上。
使用超高分子量的聚乙烯的有效量，使得它在SPA中形成连续的相。一般来说，热塑性塑料剂料的量足以包裹以颗粒状态存在的热固橡胶剂料，更为理想的量是超过包裹以颗粒状存在分橡胶所要的量。根据SPA的总量，常用的热塑性塑料重量是约25-90％，在40-75％较好，在55-65％最好。
热固剂料是固化的橡胶剂料，它一般具有低摩擦和良好的防油和水性能。低摩擦意味着，在水润滑时，希望厚度范围的橡胶轴承，在通常的轴颈(轴)工作速度，形成流体力学的润滑。由于弹塑流体动力学效应，薄橡胶轴承比任何其他已知的轴承材料，形成在更低轴速度的水动力学摩擦。流体动力学润滑是在轴承和旋转轴间的流体膜的形成。“防油和水”的涵义是在水中浸泡弹性体是不受影响的(不溶解或软化)，引起的体积增加在5％以下，最好3％以下。
一般来说，具有这样摩擦的和防水性能的橡胶剂料均可使用。这样的剂料特定组是已知的各种丁腈橡胶。例如，可用BFGoodrichCompany制造的各种丁腈橡胶剂料。较硬的丁腈橡胶较好。这种橡胶的特殊例子是BFGoodrich Company制造的H-201剂料(85±5肖氏A硬度)。另一例是较软的丁腈橡胶，如H-203剂料，它也是BFGoodrichCompany制造的，具有约70±5的肖氏A硬度。其他的橡胶包括：Butyl橡胶，EPDM，它是由乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体制造的橡胶，和以乙烯叉氟和六氟丙烯共聚物为基的氟化橡胶，它被认为是具有以下重复的结构-CF-CH-CF-CF(CF)-。这些共聚物是由DuPont以“Viton”商标出售。虽然这些其它的橡胶剂料可用，丁腈橡胶是最好的，因为丁腈橡胶具有的弹性和蠕变性能好。
本发明的一个重要方面是，在合剂生成前，固化的橡胶剂料起初可以与热塑性塑料剂料干混，或混合。
因此，橡胶剂料被固化，并为了混合这两组分，将它磨碎到适当大小。可用常规的粉碎方法，如机械或冷冻法。固化的橡胶剂料的颗粒大小通常是重要的。颗粒大小一般是以能通过较细的，特定的Tyler筛网测量。因此固化的橡胶剂料一般具有比35目小的颗粒度，比65目小较好，最好是小于100目。在SPA中的固化橡胶的重量一般在SPA总重量中的比例是约10-70％，较好是约12％-40％，最好是约15-30％。
润滑剂一般以固体形式加入，因此是非液体的。为了确保它的足够的分散，润滑剂一般呈粉末状。粉末的意思是，它的颗粒的主要部分，至少70％，80％或90％，最好是95％小于Tyler的100目筛孔，即150微米。粉末的主要部分，一般是80％，90％甚至时95％，希望小于200目，即75微米。最好，石墨粉末的主要部分，即70％，80％或90％小于325目，即44微米。对SPA赋予润滑性能的任何已知的润滑剂均可用。润滑性能的涵义是，当磨损开始时，被制成的SPA的表面摩擦系数被减少，例如，约至少10％，减少至少20％或30％更好。润滑剂也应是不磨损的。石墨是一个较好的润滑剂。特定石墨的例子是Asbury Graphite Mills，Inc.生产的117-A级。其他特定润滑剂是二硫化钼。虽然一般来说不是最好，但二硫化钼在没有水分，如大气中的水分，的干燥的最终应用中是理想的。硅油也可使用，其重量在SPA的总重量所具有的比例约为2-10％，希望为3-6％。特定的硅油例包括Dow Corning生产的200 Fliud.可采用的另一润滑剂时PTFE(polytetrafluorethylene)，DuPont deNemours E.I.Company供应。
润滑剂重量在SPA总重量中一般约为0.5或3％到25％，约1.0-20％较好，约2-10％最好。
另外，一个图形被转移到轴承材料22的轴承表面的顶层。图形形成从顶层112轴向向内凸起的凸起，凸台，或接触点114。每个凸起114，单独成为流体润滑时的流体动力学表面。将此图形转移的优选方法是，在固化前，放置一个聚酯薄板，它位于一片粗的松的编制物间，此织物将此聚酯薄板和织物压入到SPA轴承材料22的表面中。所述织物最好是Geogia Duck供的样本号为8708。聚酯分离薄板最好是0.003英寸厚聚酯膜(MYLAR)。聚酯薄板使制成的SPA层平滑，凸起114的边圆滑。应注意，在将聚酯和织物压入到织物中前，以已知的方式，应喷淋分型剂，如Chem-Trend供的样本号为RTC9110的分型剂，以确保，在固化后织物可取下。在织物和聚酯薄板在未固化的轴承部分的顶部就位后，它们应被压入，如通过闭合模。然后，在350，约1000-1500psi下，固化4.5小时。这样模制后，使模温回到室温，但保持压力。模应允许在模制后约1小时冷下来。在压力下冷却帮助防止最后物件的变形。也可在模外加水将模冷却的时间减少到1小时，防止产品的变形。
见图6b，可根据图6a所示的复合物程序制造另一个轴承材料，从而制出一个具有弹性体底层120和SPA顶层122的复合材料体，所述顶层具有做在其中的金刚石成形的凸起，凸台，或接触点124。凸起124轴向向内凸出，在流体润滑时各个可成为流体动力学轴承表面。然而，在顶层422的金刚石成形的图形，是通过使用具有在其中设置的一定压痕或图形的橡胶模形成。在固化前，聚酯薄板，如MYLAR聚酯薄膜，可位于橡胶模和SPA之间。聚酯薄板最好约0.03英寸厚。聚酯薄板使得最终的SPA层光滑，使凸起的角圆滑。
应注意，为使轴承符合流体动力学要求，可以在顶部合剂层中设置，在本说明中未特定公开的其他形状和尺寸的图形。
虽然已详细说明了本发明的特定实施例和某些变化，业内人士会理解，在不偏离本发明的原理情况下，可进行改变。

Claims (2)

1.一种轴承总成，用于在大型舰艇中支承水润滑推进器轴，其特征在于，所述轴承总成包括：
一个圆柱形的外套，其内表面限定一个环形腔；以及
多个部分弧形的轴承区段，它们粘结在所述套的内表面上，每个区段部分地围绕所述内环形腔的周围延伸，每个所述部分弧形的轴承区段包括：
复合的圆柱形壳体，其具有内圆周面和外圆周面，所述壳体的外圆周面粘结在所述套的内表面上；和
弹性轴承层，粘结在所述壳体的内圆周面上；以及
保持装置，用于将所述部分弧形的轴承区段保持在所述圆柱形套上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承总成，其中所述弹性轴承层是具有一上表面的底弹性层，并且所述轴承总成还包括：
第二层，其具有上表面和下表面，所述第二层是滑动聚合物合剂，并且所述滑动聚合物合剂层的所述上表面具有多个突起的触点，所述滑动聚合物合剂层的所述下表面接合在所述底弹性层的所述上表面。
CNB021017468A 1996-04-18 2002-01-17 轴承总成 Expired - Lifetime CN100365301C (zh)

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