CN100358645C - Method for mfg. stainless steel strip - Google Patents

Method for mfg. stainless steel strip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100358645C
CN100358645C CNB991220633A CN99122063A CN100358645C CN 100358645 C CN100358645 C CN 100358645C CN B991220633 A CNB991220633 A CN B991220633A CN 99122063 A CN99122063 A CN 99122063A CN 100358645 C CN100358645 C CN 100358645C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
band
casting
strip
roll
stainless steel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB991220633A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1249216A (en
Inventor
弗朗西斯·沙萨涅
弗雷德里克·马祖里埃
帕斯卡尔·格拉塔科斯
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Ugine Savoie SA
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Ugine Savoie SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/40—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling foils which present special problems, e.g. because of thinness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to manufacture a thin strip of stainless steel comprises direct solidification of liquid steel in a casting installation comprising two cooled moving walls; solidification is finished when the strip leaves the walls; and hot laminating this strip using a rolling mill with cylinders having a diameter of 400-900 mm, the strip temperature after leaving the rolling mill is 800-1100 DEG C, the rate of reduction of the strip thickness during hot lamination is 15-50 %.

Description

The manufacture method of stainless steel strip
Technical field
The present invention relates to by solidifying and directly make stainless steel strip from liquid metals in a crystallizer, described crystallizer is by two cooling walls that move with the speed identical with the band that solidifies, and the outer walls that for example have two rotation rollers of trunnion axis constitute.
Background technology
In being in commercial scale exploitation and be considered in this casting method of " twin roller casting ", one of subject matter relevant with quality of strip is that the core at band may exist pore.When on product, finding the pore that produces by band being carried out follow-up metallurgy (for example pickling, annealing, cold rolling and other smelting operation), the degradation of the mechanical performance that will bring because of this pore and limit the application of this product.
The core of twin roller casting band occur these pores reason may with producing shrinkage hole and identical on the ingot bar in the reason that produces centre porosity (on the large-size scale) on the conventional continuous cast products, promptly when product has complete and homogeneous ground to solidify, (when band leaves the wall of crystallizer, do not solidify basically usually and finish, that is to say, the core of band not exclusively is in liquid condition), comprise still and sealed by solid metal by the groove hole of liquid metals.These grooves are cheated the cooling of the liquid metals that is comprised and are solidified the contraction that is accompanied by this metal, and this causes shrinkage cavity of appearance.It can not be filled before solidifying end, because the groove of this sealing hole is no longer charged into new liquid metals.These holes must be distinguished mutually with the spherical defect that be called " bubble (blowholes) ", and the latter is that the release owing to undissolved gas causes, and often appear at product surface near.
Document EP 0396862 has proposed a kind of method, is intended to eliminate in the twin roller casting process of steel band centre porosity and any inside and blemish.According to this method, have accurate in size ring-shaped groove on the surface of casting roll, these grooves are arranged on two rolls in the mode of biasing.Therefore, its objective is that the metal-back that solidifies that prevents on roller surface separates, because divide defection to cause solidifying of band irregular.But, only prevent that as if such separation be not enough to prevent fully centre porosity.
Document JP 8252653 has proposed a kind of like this method, wherein according to casting operation, and hot-rolled band under the condition of the inequality below satisfying:
r≥(2.74×10 -5T 2-6.88×10 -2T+43.55)(t 0/w 0)
R in the formula: the reduction ratio of hot rolling;
T: with ℃ hot-rolled temperature of representing;
t 0: the pore diameter on the thickness direction of band;
w 0: the pore diameter on the width of band.
According to this method, it is necessary carrying out hot rolling with a reduction ratio that is enough to hole is made up in this operation of rolling, and this minimum reduction ratio depends on the shape and the orientation of rolling temperature (being the temperature that band enters the roll gap between the roll) and hole.But, have been found that these rolling conditions still are not enough to make up reliably all holes, especially in the conversion of carrying out band or use in the process of its product, they can not always prevent that these holes that make up from opening again, causes the product open rolling thus
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method, this method guarantees that the central porisity that appears at the band core is closed really after fully solidifying.
For reaching this purpose, theme of the present invention is a kind of method of making stainless steel strip, it is included in the casting device that comprises two cooling moving end-walls and directly becomes the liquid molten steel solidification thickness to be less than or equal to the band of 8mm, the described band of hot rolling then, it solidifies basically and finishes when band leaves described wall, it is characterized in that, on milling train, carry out hot rolling, the working roll of milling train has the diameter between 400mm and 900mm, the temperature of band is between 800 ℃ and 1100 ℃ when leaving milling train, and in course of hot rolling the reduction ratio of thickness of strip between 15% and 50%.
Preferably, as one man carry out hot rolling with the casting of band.Casting device can be " twin roller casting " type.
Be understandable that, the objective of the invention is by diameter in conjunction with relevant hot-rolling mill working roll, when leaving roll the temperature of band and in course of hot rolling the requirement of the reduction ratio of tape thickness realize.
The present invention is applied to be had the silicon that is less than or equal to 1% carbon, is less than or equal to 1% usually, is less than or equal to 15% manganese, 10% to 30% chromium, be less than or equal to 5% copper and be less than or equal in other stainless steel casting of any level of 0.5% nitrogen (these content are represented by percentage by weight).These steel also can comprise a large amount of nickel (being up to 40%) or molybdenum (reaching 8%).And common situation is, other element is present in the metal, perhaps as impurity or as alloying element, and particularly sulphur, phosphorus, titanium, niobium and zirconium.Their total content is no more than 2% percentage by weight.
Mention that above in process of setting, when the liquid tank hole was sealed by solid metal, the stainless steel strip of the twin roller casting heart very easily therein produced pore.This phenomenon occurs when solidifying of pasty state zone finished, and " equi-axed crystal zone " also named in this pasty state zone, and it is between two solidified shell that contact with roll, and this shell is also referred to as " cylindrical region ".The very difficult control in equi-axed crystal zone, its thickness may change according to the freezing rate of cylindrical region.Therefore, the equi-axed crystal zone may be local in advance closed at the fast point of the growth fraction normal condition of cylindrical region.In the downstream of the closing point in equi-axed crystal zone, the liquid tank hole can not be again by filling liquid metal rightly, when solidify in these liquid tanks holes, form hole by the contraction of metal.But, this situation seldom, in fact the isolation in liquids in general groove hole occurs because of the equi-axed crystal crystal clustering in the liquid, this has formed the stopper that hinders the equi-axed crystal zone.The hole that forms in the equi-axed crystal zone is become with the hole group that does not contain gas by groups of slots, its maximum size is corresponding to the thickness (i.e. 100 to 400 μ m) in equi-axed crystal zone on the gauge of sheet direction, and this groove and hole are long by 1 to 2mm in the other direction.Mention above, not because of discharging the spherical bubble that gas produces or appearing at internal flaw on the strip surface.
Basic thought of the present invention be at the band that solidifies in by hot rolling, create conditions, thereby not only make the centre porosity closure as known, and make opposed pore wall realize real welding, make rolling can carrying out together thus.Like this, can guarantee in the post forming process of band or in the process of using the product produced thereby, can not exist the danger of stomatal opening.When carrying out the hot rolling of band, two steps appear.At first, when the thickness of band reduced, the inwall of defective was joined gradually, contacts with each other up to them.Then, in case form contact, then the formation element of invar on whole interface diffusion and the welding of wall takes place.But, leaving at band before the roll gap of milling train, wall must be welded effectively, otherwise the release of the pressurization of the band that takes place when leaving roll will make wall part separate.
The validity of welding depends primarily on two parameters: the temperature when the roll mill mesospore forces the duration of contact to contact generation with this.Therefore this pressure contact must be carried out after band enters milling train as quickly as possible, and for certain mill speed (under the situation of on-line rolling, to a great extent by the thickness decision of band before being rolled), the duration depends primarily on the diameter of operation roll of mill and roll and is applied to reduction in thickness on the band.The diameter of roll is big more, and reduction ratio is high more, and the pressure contact of air vent wall is rapid more and lasting.But following elaboration may be inadequate: in order to solve the problem that proposes satisfactorily, required is with high as far as possible reduction ratio and roller diameter rolled strip.This is because reduction ratio is too high, promptly may surpass the thermal deformation of band, will cause the face crack that appearance should definitely be avoided on band.And the temperature of carrying out the pressure contact of air vent wall depends on that not only band enters temperature in milling train, and depends on the duration that contacts between band and the roll, because the band that this contact causes cooling.If enter temperature for given band, roller diameter is very big, and then the danger of Cun Zaiing is, the cooling that they cause band can make the latter's temperature be not enough to high remaining air vent wall can be welded fully.At this on the one hand, the temperature value of band when leaving roll reflected the physical possibility that air vent wall has been welded to one another well in roll gap (nip)
Therefore, the temperature of leaving the band of roll must be enough high, so that pore can be soldered, but it can not be too high, to avoid thermic load excessive on roll.This will cause the surface degradation, thereby cause the surface appearance of band to degenerate, and show as excessively coarse.Therefore, the temperature iff with the mode that is fit to band in conjunction with diameter, the reduction ratio of roll and when leaving milling train just can reach target of the present invention, and do not influenced the quadratic effect of the oeverall quality of band nocuously.
In order to determine to have carried out a series of tests how in conjunction with these parameters, wherein, for the stainless steel of given type, the temperature the when diameter of change operation roll of mill, the reduction in thickness of band and band leave milling train.Milling train and casting device are as one man placed.Whether effectively each test relates to the welding that can determine pore characterization.This characterization comprises and fractures the tension test test specimen and check break surface.If break surface demonstrates pore open in tension test, can infer that then welding does not meet the requirements.If break surface does not demonstrate tangible pore, can judge that then welding meets the requirements.
The specific embodiment
Table 1 provides the steel grades of testing, and result of the test provides in table 2.The content of different elements is represented with percetage by weight.Table 1 also is given in the thickness of band when leaving casting roll, and these bands are tested, and gives the corresponding casting speed of measuring between casting roll and hot-rolling mill.
Table 1: the composition of the steel of test casting process, the thickness of cast strip and casting speed
Casting process A Casting process A ' Casting process B Casting process C
C 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01
Mn 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.2
P ＜0.04 ＜0.04 ＜0.04 ＜0.03
S ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
Si 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
Ni 8.6 8.6 ＜0.3 ＜0.1
Cr 18 18 16.5 11.5
Cu ＜0.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.2 ＜0.2
Mo ＜0.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.1 ＜0.1
Ti ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.15
N 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01
Thickness of strip 4mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
Casting speed 25m/min. 100m/min. 60m/min. 60m/min.
The composition of A and A ' mold casting process is corresponding to the composition of the conventional austenitic stainless steel of AISI304 type.The Type B casting process is corresponding to AISI430 type ferritic stainless steel.C mold casting process is corresponding to titanium stabilized AISI409 type ferritic stainless steel.
Table 2 has provided the result who band is tested by these casting process.And corresponding experimental condition.
Table 2: the result who in A, A ', B and C mold casting process, tests
According to the present invention The casting process type The diameter of rolling mill roll (mm) Reduction ratio (%) Band leave milling train temperature (℃) The pore welding Other defect
Not A 300 50 1100 Not Do not have
Not A 400 10 1100 Not Do not have
Not A 400 15 750 Not Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 400 15 800 Be Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 400 15 1100 Be Do not have
Not A 400 15 1150 Be Excessively coarse
Not A 400 50 750 Not Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 400 50 800 Be Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 400 50 1100 Be Do not have
Not A 400 50 1150 Be Excessively coarse
Not A 400 60 1100 Be Fine fisssure
Not A 900 10 1100 Not Do not have
Not A 900 15 750 Not Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 900 15 800 Be Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 900 15 1100 Be Do not have
Not A 900 15 1150 Be Excessively coarse
Not A 900 50 750 Not Do not have
Be A’，B，C 900 50 800 Be Do not have
Be A，A’，B，C 900 50 1100 Be Do not have
Not A 900 50 1150 Be Excessively coarse
Not A 900 60 100 Be Fine fisssure
Not A 1000 50 750 Not Do not have
It is evident that according to these tests, when in conjunction with following three conditions, can obtain effective pore welding, and not have face crack in appearance.And the surface of band is excessively not coarse.
The diameter of-operation roll of mill at 400mm between the 90mm;
-reduction in thickness of band is between 15% to 50% in the operation of rolling;
The temperature of-band when leaving milling train is at least 800 ℃, is at most 1100 ℃.
On the other hand, under experimental condition, do not point out the influence that thickness of strip/casting speed combines: the coming to the same thing of the result of A ' mold casting process and A mold casting process, and also the casting parameter is also identical.
Mention above, under the situation before hot-rolling mill and casting device as one man are placed on strip coiling apparatus, carry out these tests.In the context of the present invention, this feature is not indispensable, can therefore carry out hot rolling after the band of casting has been uncoiled and has reheated on the device that separates with casting and devices for taking-up.Yet, because a variety of causes on-line rolling is recommended.At first, this method has the superiority in economy that the characteristics with continued operation interrelate.At first shortened the manufacture process of band.In addition, because of not having coiler and relative high-power reheater can accomplish to save, this is because can make the enough rolling temperature of heat to obtain to be fit to of cast strip by means of the cover cap that stops the radiation of band between outlet of exporting from casting roll at band and the inlet that enters milling train.But if proof heats band again is necessary, then can use lower powered induction furnace to carry out this operation, and this power is enough to the temperature of the band that is moving is improved several Baidu.And on-line rolling need not to coil the band of casting, has got rid of in winding process the danger that damages band by same stroke, and this destruction can be taken place having on the thick relatively band of non-recrystallization texture.At last, because of being heated to hot-rolled temperature to band again from room temperature, the surface of having got rid of the band that often occurs in this operating process reoxidizes.This reoxidizing can form iron scale, is mixed on band and the rolling mill roll so exist, thereby causes the danger of the apparent degradation of product after the pickling.
The present invention not only is applied to the twin roller casting device, also can be applicable to be used for cast stainless steel strip between the translational surface of two coolings, for example the device of any kind of Yun Hang band.

Claims (3)

1. method of producing stainless steel strip, be included in directly liquid metals to be frozen in the casting device that comprises two cooling moving end-walls and be the form that thickness is less than or equal to the 8mm band, with the described band of hot rolling, it solidifies basically and finishes when band leaves described wall, it is characterized in that, on milling train, carry out hot rolling, the diameter of the working roll of milling train is between 400mm and 900mm, the temperature of band is between 800 and 1100 ℃ when band leaves milling train, and the reduction in thickness of band is between 15% and 50% in course of hot rolling.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, on a device of as one man placing with casting device, carry out hot rolling.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the cooling wall of casting device is by two surface compositions with rotation roller of trunnion axis.
CNB991220633A 1998-09-21 1999-09-20 Method for mfg. stainless steel strip Expired - Fee Related CN100358645C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9811777A FR2783443B1 (en) 1998-09-21 1998-09-21 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A STAINLESS STEEL THIN STRIP
FR9811777 1998-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1249216A CN1249216A (en) 2000-04-05
CN100358645C true CN100358645C (en) 2008-01-02

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EP (1) EP0988901B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000094006A (en)
KR (1) KR100573750B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100358645C (en)
AT (1) ATE253992T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4877899A (en)
BR (1) BR9904278A (en)
CA (1) CA2281991A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69912710T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2783443B1 (en)
ID (1) ID25947A (en)
PL (1) PL335499A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2203749C2 (en)
SK (1) SK123999A3 (en)
TR (1) TR199902306A3 (en)
TW (1) TW483781B (en)
UA (1) UA63941C2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA995983B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10046181C2 (en) * 2000-09-19 2002-08-01 Krupp Thyssen Nirosta Gmbh Process for producing a steel strip or sheet consisting predominantly of Mn austenite
ITRM20070150A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-22 Danieli Off Mecc PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL TAPES
CN110404967A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-11-05 山西太钢不锈钢精密带钢有限公司 The manufacturing method of the ultra-thin superhard stainless steel belt of ultra-wide and its steel band of manufacture
CN114247760B (en) * 2020-09-23 2024-02-13 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Comprehensive diagnosis method for cold rolling broken belt of brittle material

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03124352A (en) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-27 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of continuously cast slab having excellent internal quality
JPH07251244A (en) * 1994-03-16 1995-10-03 Nippon Steel Corp Method for preventing porosity of cast slab in twin roll type continuous casting method
WO1996001710A1 (en) * 1994-07-08 1996-01-25 Ipsco Inc. Method of casting and rolling steel using twin-roll caster
JPH08215797A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-27 Nippon Steel Corp Production of austenitic stainless steel thin cast slab excellent in surface characteristic and formability

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02224853A (en) 1989-02-27 1990-09-06 Kawasaki Steel Corp Cooling roll for producing twin roll type rapidly cooling strip
JP2798694B2 (en) 1989-03-17 1998-09-17 新日本製鐵株式会社 Manufacturing method of thin cast slab
JP2690191B2 (en) * 1990-11-30 1997-12-10 新日本製鐵株式会社 Method for producing high δ-Fe-based austenitic stainless steel strip
JP2995520B2 (en) * 1992-10-20 1999-12-27 新日本製鐵株式会社 How to improve the quality of continuous cast slabs
JP2982646B2 (en) * 1995-03-16 1999-11-29 住友金属工業株式会社 Continuous production of thin steel sheets

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03124352A (en) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-27 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of continuously cast slab having excellent internal quality
JPH07251244A (en) * 1994-03-16 1995-10-03 Nippon Steel Corp Method for preventing porosity of cast slab in twin roll type continuous casting method
WO1996001710A1 (en) * 1994-07-08 1996-01-25 Ipsco Inc. Method of casting and rolling steel using twin-roll caster
JPH08215797A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-27 Nippon Steel Corp Production of austenitic stainless steel thin cast slab excellent in surface characteristic and formability

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DE69912710D1 (en) 2003-12-18
EP0988901A1 (en) 2000-03-29
ATE253992T1 (en) 2003-11-15
AU4877899A (en) 2000-03-23
ID25947A (en) 2000-11-16
ZA995983B (en) 2001-03-19
TR199902306A2 (en) 2000-04-21
SK123999A3 (en) 2000-07-11
UA63941C2 (en) 2004-02-16
DE69912710T2 (en) 2004-09-23
RU2203749C2 (en) 2003-05-10
KR100573750B1 (en) 2006-04-24
FR2783443A1 (en) 2000-03-24
JP2000094006A (en) 2000-04-04
BR9904278A (en) 2000-09-26
FR2783443B1 (en) 2000-10-27
TR199902306A3 (en) 2000-04-21
PL335499A1 (en) 2000-03-27
CN1249216A (en) 2000-04-05
KR20000023300A (en) 2000-04-25
EP0988901B1 (en) 2003-11-12
TW483781B (en) 2002-04-21
CA2281991A1 (en) 2000-03-21

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