CN100356014C

CN100356014C - Flooring

Info

Publication number: CN100356014C
Application number: CNB2004800127524A
Authority: CN
Inventors: F·R·米勒
Original assignee: Offshield Ltd
Current assignee: Offshield Ltd
Priority date: 2003-05-13
Filing date: 2004-05-06
Publication date: 2007-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 2024-05-06
Also published as: CN1788128A; GB0310916D0

Abstract

A flooring of pre-stressed deck construction has an elongate decking (10) extending along the flooring, the decking (10) having an upwardly facing asymmetrically profiled channel formation (11) whereby the neutral axis is above a central horizontal plane. A tension rod (40) extends between stressing brackets (20) secured to each end of the decking (10) and is located below the neutral axis of the decking (10) along the length of the decking (10). Each stressing bracket (20) is secured to upwardly extending sidewalls (13) of the channel (11) above the tension rod (40). The decking (10) is attached to the girder framework (44) of a building. Since the tension rod (40) is below the neutral axis of the decking (10), the bending stress applied to the decking (10) is positive, causing upward arching of the decking (10). This is stress relieved when the concrete flooring (53) is applied to the decking (10). Since the attachment of the stressing brackets (20) to the decking (10) is above the tension rod (40), there is no negative bending stress applied to the ends of the decking (10). In fact, the positive bending stress applied is enhanced by this configuration.

Description

A kind of flooring

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of flooring, relate in particular to a kind of flooring of pre-stressed deck construction.

Background technology

Many buildings, especially industrial construction and highrise building, all by setting up a steel girder frame to build, and the ground tier that comprises the steel paving each beam by the beam framework supports, and paving self is then in order to support concrete floor.Floor span by in the paving by the deflection of the weight of concrete floor and paving and concrete floor and the flexural stress that produces limited.In order to increase floor span, well-known be in the place of striding support the paving and solidified and reached enough intensity up to concrete floor.Yet the time that reaches this intensity may four week of offer, and simultaneously, the existence of this support has also limited further construction working.In addition, this support expense is high and extra installation is arranged and remove required time and cost.Perhaps, the paving also can be supported by additional " secondary beam " on the beam that is fixed on the beam framework, but just there is a surcharge again in this.In addition, the existence of this secondary beam has also limited various service channels and has passed this floor space, for example the pipeline of gas, power and water and cable.But as the another kind selection scheme, this flooring can be formed by prestressed concrete, but its production and to be transported to on-the-spot expense be very big.In addition, also need the hoisting mechanism of big performance to lay this flooring.

For fear of or reduce these defectives for big floor span, known, for example in US3712010, before concrete floor cast thereon, in the paving, introduce a curved surface that makes progress, make to produce positive moment of flexure thus.This scheme is intended to offset in the paving downward deflection and the hogging moment that the weight owing to concrete floor produces, and uses a bigger floor span and does not exceed the limit of stress and deflection so that allow.US3712010 discloses two kinds of methods that realize this curved surface that initially makes progress and positive bending moment.In first method, specifically shown in accompanying drawing 1 to 8 and 13 to 17, wherein there are a pull bar or tendon to extend between the end, paving.This pull bar be arranged in the paving upwards towards groove, wherein the shape of this groove is the paving about a central horizontal face the neutral axis symmetry is shaped.Pull bar is fixed to the end that is connected described paving or is bent upwards on the support of end, so that it only is positioned at below the neutral axis of paving pull bar in span center meaningfully.As a result, the positive bending moment that produces in the paving when pull bar is tightened up will be very little, and the stress in the pull bar must enough greatly just can get a desired effect, and therefore need to adopt high-tensile steel.In addition since by support or crooked end and produce on the end, paving load act on the bottom surface in paving complete or most ofly, therefore will produce a hogging bending stress in the end, paving.This has reduced the positive curve stress at span center place, paving further.In the embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 5 to 8 and 13 to 17, when being welded to the center, paving, pull bar needs the operation of consuming time and high cost.In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing 9 to 12, pull bar be positioned at the paving downwards towards groove in.Even in this case, pull bar is being connected to (especially referring to accompanying drawing 12) on the paving above the neutral axis, so that make the gradient maximization of pull bar, thereby picture has produced some hogging bending stress as in the above described embodiments in the end, paving.In addition, this embodiment has also introduced the composition of pillar at the center that is arranged on so that form curved surface upwards in the paving, and can require the pulling force of independent action in the two ends of pull bar effectively.The operation that this pillar is assembled to the paving is not only consuming time but also expensive, and structure is had be subjected to the danger of fire.And this structure has also hindered the service channel of passing floor space.WO88/01330 discloses a kind of floor groove and has been arranged on pull bar below the neutral axis of this groove.Yet the neutral axis of this groove is below central plane, and this low neutral axis will cause occurring bigger flexural stress of not expecting and the lower stress that appearance is not expected in the base section of cross section in the upper level part.

Summary of the invention

One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flooring of pre-stressed deck construction, and it has overcome these defectives of known structure at least to a great extent.

The flooring of pre-stressed deck construction provided by the invention, it comprises microscler paving, be extended with on this paving upwards towards the groove structure, and the pull bar that between the end in paving, extends, and this pull bar is arranged in this groove and along the length direction in paving and be in the below of the neutral axis in paving, wherein, above-mentioned structure can be to be shaped asymmetricly, thus, make neutral axis be positioned at the top of central horizontal face.

Preferably, this flooring comprises the stress support that is fixed to each end, paving, and pull bar then is connected on each stress support.Each stress support can be fixed on the paving above the pull bar.This stress support can be fixed on the upwardly extending sidewall of described groove.The extensible loading sleeve pipe that is positioned in each stress support that passes of pull bar.Each stress support can be constituted and is bent so that compression face and upper flange, lower flange and two relative side flanges to be provided by sheet material, and each flange is substantially perpendicular to compression face and extends.Above-mentioned loading sleeve pipe can be arranged in the hole in this compression face.

On the centre position, paving, linkage can be connected to pull bar on the paving.Linkage can be the prop clip of being made by elastomeric material.This prop clip also spring steel make.Between pull bar and paving, thermal insulation material can be set.This thermal insulation material can be a polypropylene, or the mineral fibers of porous preferably.

The paving can have along the upper flange of groove horizontal expansion, and this flange can have the interlock of extending along its longitudinal edge, and thus, the paving can be meshing with each other abreast with adjacent paving.The cloudy interlock that this paving also can have the positive interlock of extending along the edge of a upper flange and extend along the edge of another upper flange, this moon interlock is suitable for holding the positive interlock in another paving.

This flooring can comprise the brace summer framework, and wherein this paving is connected on the beam framework.In this case, the stress support can be connected on this beam framework.This beam framework can comprise the i beam with upper flange and lower flange, and in this case, the stress support can be fixed on the upper flange of this i beam, and can be fixed to the bottom surface of this upper flange.Above-mentioned stress support can be fixed on the I-shaped beam flange by stud.Above-mentioned stud then can pass countersunk collar and be bearing on this flange.This bolt extends upward on the upper flange of i beam, and enters in the concrete floor that is supported by the paving.

This flooring can comprise along the transverse bar of paving horizontal expansion.This transverse bar can be supported on the top, paving by cushion block.This transverse bar can be connected on the paving and can be connected on the interlock in paving.This transverse bar can be connected on this interlock by connecting clip.Above-mentioned connection clip can be made by elastomeric material, and can be made by spring steel.

Can have a cavity at least in the concrete floor.This cavity can be lined with impermeable material, and it can be a kind of plastic material.This cavity lining can storage of water, and water can be heated or cooled.Can be provided with stopper in the hole in the cavity lining, if the material that this stopper adopted melted when being fit near flooring breaking out of fire.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described with reference to the following drawings, wherein:

Accompanying drawing 1 is depicted as one section the phantom drawing in paving,

Be respectively shown in the accompanying drawing 2 and 3 and launch and folding stress support,

Accompanying drawing 4 is depicted as a longitudinal plan that dissects from the end that is connected the paving on the beam framework,

Accompanying drawing 5 is depicted as a horizontal section that dissects from the central span position in two adjacent pavings,

Accompanying drawing 6 is the end-views that are depicted as one two adjacent paving,

Accompanying drawing 7 is depicted as the enlarged drawing of the prop clip in the accompanying drawing 5,

Accompanying drawing 8 is depicted as the enlarged drawing of the connection clip in the accompanying drawing 5,

Accompanying drawing 9 be depicted as when transportation stacked parts and

Be respectively the side view and the plan view of an interchangeable prop clip shown in the accompanying drawing 10 and 11.

The specific embodiment

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, be depicted as a section of paving 10.Paving 10 have in use one upwards towards the groove 11 that pass through base plate 12 and sidewall 13 formations.Also be provided with rib 14 to reach the purpose of reinforcement for 13 li at base plate 12 and sidewall.In addition, paving 10 also is formed with the upper flange 15 that also is provided with ribs 14.Groove 11 downward convergents, upper flange 15 is more many greatly than base plate 12.Because the profile that paving 10 is such, as shown in the figure, neutral axis is high as much as possible in feasible region on the kernel of section line.So just maximized the size between neutral axis and the pulling force that applied.A upper flange 15 is formed with a cloudy interlock 16 along its free margins, and it is fit to hold a positive interlock 17 that forms along the free margins of another upper flange 15.By this method, adjacent paving 10 can interconnect shown in accompanying drawing 5 and 6 like that.Said structure provides a vertical shear formula interlocking and lateral thrust formula Load Transfer to distribute along all directions to help the load in the paving between adjacent paving 10.

Each end in paving 10 provide one shown in accompanying drawing 2 and 3 expansion and the stress support 20 of foldable structure.This stress support 20 forms by sheet material, is preferably steel, thereby it is bent and forms a compression face 21 and upper flange 22, lower flange 23 and two opposite flank flanges 24 respectively.When stress support 20 during by o ing, each flange 22,23,24 is substantially perpendicular to compression face 21 and extends.In addition, side flanges 24 further is bent to form upper flange 25.Hole 26 is set in compression face 21, hole 27 is set in side flanges 24, and hole 28 is set in upper flange 25 is used for below with purpose of description.A torsion plate 29 is set, strides the place in for example being arranged on, as a preventative reinforcing in paving 10.This will reduce contingent torsional deformation when transportation.

With reference to accompanying drawing 4, be depicted as a stress support 20 that is fixed on 10 ends, paving.The side flanges 24 of stress support 20 is passed on the sidewall 13 that hole 27 is fixed to paving 10 by bolt or rivet.Because these bolts or rivet are arranged in the vertical substantially sidewall 13 in paving 10, be delivered to this stress support 20 effectively from the shear loads in paving 10.As a more economical substitute that is used for the industrial preparation parts, this stress support 20 can be that resistance spot welding forms.Stress support 20 is bearing on the reinforcement pressure zone that is positioned at 10 ends, paving under the neutral axis effectively.Pure axial compression stress will be in this regional development.The end of span shearing relevant with the weight in paving 10 bears by the vertical substantially sidewall 13 in paving 10, and is delivered on the support 20 by bolt, rivet or welding means.This device has reduced the combined stress effect in pressure zone and shear sidewalls 13.Pull bar 40 passes the loading sleeve pipe 41 in 26 li in the hole of a compression face 21 that is arranged on stress support 20.Thereby the nut 42 on pull bar 40 ends is tightened with tension pull bar 40 and applies a flexural stress to paving 10.Because pull bar 40 below the neutral axis in paving 10, so the flexural stress that is applied on the paving 10 is positive, thereby makes paving 10 upwards arch upward.And, because stress support 20 this connection to the paving 10 is above pull bar 40, so there is not hogging bending stress to be applied to the end in paving 10.In fact, the positive curve stress that is applied has obtained enhancing by this structure.

Stress support 20 is fixed on the upper flange 43 of i beam 44 of a part that forms building beam framework.For this reason, shear studs 45 is passed in the hole 28 on the upper flange 25 of the countersunk of 43 li of upper flanges and stress support 20.Nut 46 on shear studs 45 bottoms is fixed together this stress support 20 and i beam 44.In known structure, shear studs is soldered on the flange of beam framework, but this operation is not only time-consuming but also expensive.With regard to device of the present invention, shear studs 45 is passed a countersunk collar 47 and is supported on the flange 25, and, to compare with former scheme, paving 10 is simplified cost less simultaneously to the assembling of beam framework 44.In addition, utilize shear studs 45 that stress support 20 is connected to and also constituted a rigid structures on the i beam 44, this rigid structures provides the lateral delfection of horizontal restrain to prevent to produce for beam 44 under load.

With reference to accompanying drawing 5 to 8, be depicted as adjacent paving 10, its positive interlock 17 by a paving 10 is accommodated in the cloudy interlock 16 in adjacent with it paving 10 and is connected to each other together.In the center of span, each pull bar 40 is connected on the paving 10 by a spring steel prop clip 50.This provides additional center support for paving 10 so that offset the flexural stress that is produced and stride deflection in the caused paving 10 of the weight of concrete floor 53.Yet, be different from that previously known what be welded to connect is that above-mentioned such connection can not make heat pass floor 53 easily and pull bar 40 is delivered on the paving 10.In addition, the thermal insulation material 51 for example mineral fibers filler of polypropylene or porous is arranged between pull bar 40 and the paving 10, is used to prevent the purpose of fire spread.In order to prevent the generation of the shrinkage crack in concrete floor 53, or reduce to minimum, transverse bar 52 is set above paving 10 to this risk of major general.This transverse bar 52 connects clip 54 by spring steel and is connected on the paving 10 with suitable spacing.This connection clip 54 is clipped on the

interlock

16,17 in paving 10.By this method, the relative longitudinal motion between the adjacent paving 10 is stoped, thereby stops the vertical shear of 53 li of concrete floors and provide longitudinal restraint for beam 44.As shown in the figure, a services aperture 48 is arranged in the beam 44.By plastic material for example a plurality of lightweight cushion blocks 57 (only showing in the accompanying drawing 5) of making of dense polystyrene be provided for support as transverse bar 52.This just makes transverse bar 52 be arranged on the optimum height in order to control concrete shrinkage crack in the floor 53.In addition, cushion block 57 has guaranteed that transverse bar 52 does not have destructive the contact with paving 10.As shown in Figure 9, cushion block 57 is used as liner/spacer in the transportation in paving 10.

After assembling like this, and after pull bar 40 was strained the upward and stress that reaches required in the paving 10, concrete floor 53 was cast on the paving 10.Because paving 10 is added load by concrete floor 53, the arch of being introduced in advance in paving 10 by the tension of pull bar 40 will be straightend, and is followed by sagging to the centre deflection of allowing.This just produces end rotation in paving 10, thereby has increased the tension force in the pull bar 40 and therefore cut down on the paving 10 because the hogging bending stress that weight produced of concrete floor 53, promptly this set partly the oneself eliminate stress.As shown in Figure 6, for clearer description, described i beam 44 has been removed from above, and concrete floor 53 encases the shear studs 45 that has cannelure so that stop the shearing in the floor 53 to pass i beam 44.Countersunk collar 47 has reduced the risk of the slip between shear studs 45 and flange 43.Floor 53 also encases transverse bar 52, has stoped the shearing in the floor 53 again.For thereby the weight that reduces floor 53 also reduces in the paving 10 because the hogging bending stress that the weight of concrete floor 53 produces is provided with cavity 55 in floor 53.The position that cushion block 57 also limits transverse bar 52 to be allowing the maximum size of cavity 55, and forms light cavity to alleviate the weight of floor 53 in they self the inside.Cavity 55 is lined with nondegradable material, and for example plastic material, and water or other fire prevention fluid for example inert gas such as carbon dioxide is full of.The lining of cavity 53 is suspended from the transverse bar 52.A pipe 56 extends to insulation blanket 51 from the cavity 55 in this belt material.If the material that can melt rapidly during by a kind of breaking out of fire and the stopper (not shown) made is set at 56 li on pipe flows out when the breaking out of fire to allow water or other fluid.If necessary, water or other fluid can be heated or cooled so that underfloor heating/cooling is provided.

The connection clip 58 of the another kind of form of replacement connection clip 54 is shown in accompanying drawing 10 and 11.The preferably flexible steel wire of clip 58, and following advantage is arranged, and promptly it does not stretch in the concrete floor 53, and it is supported on transverse bar 52 on the plane near cushion block 57, and has different size so that change to the supporting depth of transverse bar 52, is watered the concrete floors 53 of thickness to be used for difference.

By the present invention, provide a kind of possibility does not exceed the pre-stressed deck construction of stress and flexible limit than bigger in the past span flooring that has.For one both for the device of sizing, because amount of deflection is striden by lower flexural stress level and central authorities, paving and pull bar can adopt dry steel, thereby make the structure cheapness.This structure also provides lateral stiffness that is enhanced and the ability of resisting shearing and lateral delfection simultaneously, makes brace summer more effectively support by retraining compression flange, and the trend of breaking that has reduced concrete floor.In addition, the ability that this structure provides stronger opposing to transmit by the heat of floor, and increased its safety under the situation of fire.

Claims

1, a kind of pre-stressed deck construction flooring, comprise microscler paving (10), be extended with on this paving upwards towards groove structure (11), has the pull bar (40) that between the end of paving (10), extends, and this pull bar is arranged in this groove and (10) length direction and be in the below of the neutral axis in paving (10) along the paving, it is characterized in that: groove structure (11) is to be shaped asymmetricly, thus, makes neutral axis be positioned at the top of central horizontal face.

2, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: stress support (20) is fixed to each end in paving (10).

3, flooring according to claim 2 is characterized in that: pull bar (40) is connected on each stress support (20).

4, according to claim 2 or 3 described floorings, it is characterized in that: each stress support (20) is fixed on the paving (10) in pull bar (40) top.

5, flooring according to claim 4 is characterized in that: stress support (20) is fixed on the upwardly extending sidewall (13) of groove (11).

6, flooring according to claim 5 is characterized in that: pull bar (40) extends through the loading sleeve pipe (41) that is positioned at each stress support (20) lining.

7, flooring according to claim 2 is characterized in that: each stress support (20) is made of sheet material and is bent so that compression face (21) and upper flange (22), lower flange (23) and two relative side flanges (24) to be provided.

8, flooring according to claim 7 is characterized in that: each flange (22,23,24) is substantially perpendicular to this compression face (21) and extends.

9, flooring according to claim 8 is characterized in that pull bar (40) extends through the loading sleeve pipe (41) that is positioned at each stress support (20) lining, and wherein, this loading sleeve pipe (41) is arranged in the hole (26) of compression face (21).

10, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the centre position, paving, linkage (50) is connected to pull bar (40) on the paving (10).

11, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between pull bar (40) and paving (10) thermal insulation material (51) is set.

12, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that paving (10) has along the upper flange (15) of groove (11) horizontal expansion.

13, flooring according to claim 12 is characterized in that: this flange (15) has the interlock (16,17) of extending along its longitudinal edge, and thus, paving (10) can be meshing with each other abreast with adjacent paving (10).

14, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have brace summer framework (44), wherein this paving (10) are connected on the beam framework (44).

15, flooring according to claim 14 is characterized in that: stress support (20) is fixed to each end in paving (10), and wherein stress support (20) is connected on the beam framework (44).

16, flooring according to claim 15 is characterized in that: this beam framework (44) comprises the i beam (44) with upper flange and lower flange, and wherein stress support (20) is fixed on the upper flange of this i beam (44).

17, flooring according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: this stress support (20) is fixed on the flange of i beam (44) by stud (45), and this stud (45) passes countersunk collar (47) and is bearing on this flange and extends upward on the upper flange of i beam (44) in the concrete floor (53) that is supported by paving (10).

18, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have the transverse bar (52) of (10) horizontal expansion along the paving, this transverse bar is connected on the paving (10).

19, flooring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have concrete floor (53), wherein this concrete floor (53) has at least one cavity that is lined with impermeable material (55).

20, flooring according to claim 19 is characterized in that: have stopper in the hole in the cavity lining, if the material that this stopper adopted melted when being fit near flooring (53) breaking out of fire.