CN100354407C - Method for producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues - Google Patents
Method for producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for producing feed protein from solid and solid state fermented apple dregs, which has the production processes that pulverized apple dregs are firstly prepared into a solid state fermentation medium A and is added in cultivated ripe mixed bacteria for solid state fermentation; then, fermented products are rapidly dried at low temperature; finally, the dried products are added in a solid state fermentation medium B for secondary solid state fermentation, and apple dreg feed protein products are obtained. Compared with independent solid state fermentation, the solid and solid state production method has the advantages that a large-size fermentation tank is not needed for liquid cultivation in the process of production, the production technique is relatively simple, and the cost of investment and production is relatively low. Because the bacteria are added in the next solid state cultivation system in a solid state form, the use level of the bacteria is little, the storage and the transportation are convenient, and the bacteria are not easy to die.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fermentation of apple pulp and produce the method for thalline song and feedstuff protein.
Background technology
Usually the feedstuff protein of saying (Feeding protein) is single cell protein (Single cell protein, SCP), claim microbial proteinous or tropina again, be meant yeast, fungi, mould, and unicellular organism body such as non-characteristic of disease bacterium in contained protein, content is up to 45%-74%, and reasonable, the A wide selection of colours and designs of each seed amino acid collocation, and VITAMIN and trace element are abundant, do not contain cholesterol etc., these advantages all be general farm crop feed can not compare.
China is the maximum in the world apple place of production, more than 2,200 ten thousand tons of annual production, Gross World Product 1/3rd more than.Shaanxi Province is again the apple production base of China's maximum, and the whole province's apple cultivation total area reaches 6,020,000 mu at present, more than 550 ten thousand tons of gross annual output amounts, and the position is the first in the nation.Since the nineties in last century, the a large amount of apple condensed juice machining production lines of introducing in the whole nation, only Shaanxi Province just has more than 20, the production apple condensed juice reached 300,000 tons in 2003, almost account for 1/3rd of quantum of world trade, export more than 30 countries and regions, become the maximum apple condensed juice in the whole nation and concentrate the producing region.When producing a large amount of fruit juice concentrates, more than 60 ten thousand tons apple residue will be discharged in annual only Shaanxi.After drying on a small quantity, to add outside the utilization as simple feed, the overwhelming majority is because of the moisture content height, and protein content is low, and nonnutritive value is very easily rotten smelly, can't all utilize and abandoned.Particularly the processing fruits busy season, around the fruit juice source mill, pile up like a mountain for slag crust, and through microbiological degradation, acid is smelly unpleasant, serious environment pollution not only, and cause the waste of the plain and hemicellulose resource of GF.
Utilizing pomace to produce protein fodder is the good approach of a utilization of waste material, and it is many that current utilization (pomace) cellulose resource is converted into the research of protein fodder.Joshi, and VK (Bioresourcetechnology.1996,56,251-255), Rahmat, H (World journal of microbiology ﹠amp; Biotechnology.1995,11 (2): 168-170), Roussos, S. (Advances in solid-statefermentation.1997:257-271), Sandhu, D.K (Journal of Scientific ﹠amp; IndustrialResearch.1997, (56) 2:86-90) etc., and Zhang Yuzhen (food and fermentation industries, 1996,3:29-32), nationality is kept tie, and (biotechnology makes progress, 1999,19 (5): 30-33), Zhang Changxia (Shandong food fermentation, 2003,4:20-22), Gao Zaixing (Northwest University's journal, 2003,33 (6): 701-704), Li Juxiu (Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's journal, 2003,31 (increasing): 79-81), Chang Xianbo (Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's journal (natural science edition) 32 (1): 40-46), Zhang Naifeng (new agricultural technology, 2004,2:46-47), Wang Yanhua (Chinese feed, 2004,8:35-35), Luo Wen (science and technology and engineering, 2004,4 (5): 371-374) grade has reported that respectively they utilize the single bacterial classification or the mixed strains of screening, and adopting independent solid state fermentation is the research of main raw material fermentative production feedstuff protein with the apple residue.Owing to the initial incubation based component, adopt the bacterial classification and the difference of solid-state fermentation process parameter separately, so the protein content of product is not quite similar, and from 15% to 35% all has report.The process that fermentation of apple pulp is produced feedstuff protein is the concentration process of " nitrogen ", and for example the crude protein content of fermentation raw material from 20% ferments to 40% content, just needs the carbohydrate of half quality to become H during the fermentation
2O and CO
2Owing to the objective requirement of microbial growth environment, protein content can not be too high simultaneously, and protein content does not have comparability at this.Simultaneously, be not quite similar, generally between 48-108h for choosing also of fermentation time.Disclose the method that a kind of apple residue double-bacterium ferment prepares feedstuff protein as Chinese patent application 03127919.8, its fermentation time also reaches 48-72h.Overall consideration, separately solid state fermentation exists that seed culture medium consumption is many, inoculum size big, equipment is used more relatively and fermentation time deficiency such as length, say from economic angle, investment is higher with production cost, for producing the lower product of this added value of feedstuff protein, suitability for industrialized production is difficult to implement, and still is in experimental study and preliminary industrialization stage at present.
Summary of the invention
The method of the object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of technology is simple, equipment uses less, investment is low, product is of high nutritive value, production cost is low, suitable suitability for industrialized production and middle or small plant and orchard worker carrying out the producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues of self-supplying production.It is many to overcome existing independent manufacturing feedstuff protein by solid state fermentation seed culture medium consumption, the liquid complexity of cultivating of bacterial classification, equipment complexity, investment and the higher deficiency of production cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the production method of a kind of apple residue thalline song, so that medium and small plant and orchard worker carry out self-supplying production.
Fermentation of apple pulp is produced the method for thalline song:
(1) at first the apple residue of pulverizing is prepared burden into solid-state fermentation culture medium A, insert the sophisticated mixed strains of cultivation and carry out solid state fermentation;
(2) then the rapid drying of tunning low temperature is obtained apple residue thalline song product.
The solid state fermentation parameter is:
Seed inoculum size: 8-20mL/100g substrate bed thickness: 3-4.5cm
Fermentation time: 48-54h leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃.
Low temperature rapid drying condition is:
Time of drying: 24-36h drying temperature: 32-36 ℃.
Composition and content are apple residue 65%-75% among the solid-state fermentation culture medium A, wheat bran 15%-20%, cotton seed cake 5%-10%, urea 1%-3%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-2%, KH
2PO
41%-2%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 60%-75%.
Mixed strains is formed and volumetric mixture ratio is a Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=(4-5.5): (1.5-3): (2-4).
Fermentation of apple pulp is produced the method for feedstuff protein:
(1) at first the apple residue of pulverizing is prepared burden into solid-state fermentation culture medium A, insert the sophisticated mixed strains of cultivation and carry out solid state fermentation;
(2) then with the rapid drying of tunning low temperature;
(3) at last with carrying out solid state fermentation once more among the above-mentioned dry back product access solid-state fermentation culture medium B, promptly get the apple dreg fodder protein product.
One time the solid state fermentation parameter is:
Seed inoculum size: 8-20mL/100g substrate bed thickness: 3-4.5cm
Fermentation time: 48-54h leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃
Secondary solid state fermentation parameter is:
Switching amount: 4%-6% (g/g) bed thickness: 3-5.5cm
Leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃ fermentation time: 72-96h.
Low temperature rapid drying condition is: time of drying: 24-36h drying temperature: 32-36 ℃.
Composition and content are apple residue 65%-75% among the solid-state fermentation culture medium A, wheat bran 15%-20%, cotton seed cake 5%-10%, urea 1%-3%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-2%, KH
2PO
41%-2%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 60%-75%.
Composition and content are apple residue 75%-85% among the apple residue solid-state fermentation culture medium B, wheat bran 10%-20%, urea 2%-4%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-3%, KH
2PO
42%-4%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 50%-75%.
Mixed strains is formed and volumetric mixture ratio is a Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=(4-5.5): (1.5-3): (2-4).
Compare the major advantage of present method with independent solid state fermentation:
1, do not need large fermentation tank to carry out liquid state in the fermenting process and cultivate, production technique is simple relatively, and investment is also relatively low with productive expense.
2, bacterial classification inserts next step solid-state culture system with solid-state form (thalline song), and not only consumption is less, and the storage convenient transportation, and bacterial classification is difficult for dead.And after the liquid state fermentation spawn culture maturation, needing within a short period of time carries out next step fermentative production, not so causes the death of bacterial classification and self-dissolving and liquid substratum consumption big easily, transportation storage inconvenience.
3, the thalline song of Sheng Chaning, both can be used as the bacterial classification of further production fermentation, can be used as direct distribution again, carried out self-supplying production for middle-size and small-size plant or orchard worker, make the inventive method easy to utilize, be more conducive to thoroughly solve the difficult problem that apple residue is handled.
4, because the unit inoculum size is bigger, and thalli growth is rapid, fermentation time is shorter relatively.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the process flow sheet of producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the production of feedstuff protein
Seed culture medium: potato (potato) 200g, sucrose 20g, water is some; Its making method is: potato is cut into small pieces, adds an amount of tap water and boil and boil 20-30min, filter, get filtrate and add tap water to 1000mL, add 20g sucrose, dissolve and mix.
The seed culture of strains: get the 300mL seed culture medium and insert the 500mL Erlenmeyer flask and at 121 ℃ of 20min that sterilize down, insert slant strains after the cooling room temperature, under 30-32 ℃ of airbath shaking table, 120-140rpm cultivates 36-54h, obtains cultivating sophisticated seed bacterial classification.
Solid-state fermentation culture medium A consists of: apple residue 65%, wheat bran 21%, cotton seed cake 10%, urea 2%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%, KH
2PO
41%, adding water adjusting initial water content is 60%.
The mixed strains and the ratio that insert: Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=4: 2: 3.
Solid medium B consists of: dried apple residue 74%, wheat bran 20%, urea 2%, (NH
4)
2SO
42%, KH
2PO
42%, adding water adjusting initial water content is 65%.
Bright wet pomace is made solid-state fermentation culture medium A through 75 ℃ of dryings of hot air drier and after pulverizing 24 mesh sieves, the amount of pressing the 15mL/100 substrate then inserts the sophisticated mixed strains of seed culture, under 32 ℃, behind the solid state fermentation 48h solid state fermentation thing is transferred to the rapid drying case, 34 ℃ of dry 30h, transfer among the solid-state fermentation culture medium B with 6% amount again, under 32 ℃, unsterilised, bed thickness 4.5cm condition, take out fermented sample behind the solid-state cultivation 84h, drying, granulation, packing promptly obtain the apple dreg fodder protein product.
Correlated independent solid state fermentation experiment: bright wet pomace is prepared burden into solid-state fermentation culture medium through 75 ℃ of dryings of hot air drier and after pulverizing, and it consists of: dried apple residue 74%, wheat bran 20%, urea 2%, (NH
4)
2SO
42%, KH
2PO
42%.The amount of pressing the 10mL/100 substrate inserts the sophisticated mixed strains of seed culture (blending ratio: Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=4: 2: 3.), initial water content 65%, bed thickness 4.5cm under the unsterilised condition, takes out fermented sample behind 32 ℃ of solid-state cultivation 96h, and drying granulation, packing promptly obtain the apple dreg fodder protein product.
The product main component, trace element and the amino acid composition measuring result that carry out above-mentioned two kinds of different fermentations forms are shown in table 1, table 2 and table 3:
Table 1 main component content (%)
| Crude protein | True albumen | Crude fat | Robust fibre | Ash content | |
| The solid solid state fermentation product of the independent solid state fermentation product of fermentation raw material | 16.28 28.43 28.76 | 10.02 26.59 26.61 | 8.94 13.47 13.42 | 16.68 10.84 10.57 | 4.25 6.52 7.67 |
Table 2 micronutrient levels (mg/kg)
| Ca(％) | Mg(％) | Fe | Zn | Mn | Cu | Se | Pb | Cd | As | |
| The fermentation of apple pulp product | 0.113 0.456 | 0.061 0.214 | 169.2 262.1 | 14.6 27.3 | 13.1 21.1 | 9.8 17.1 | 0.18 0.24 | 0.6 1.4 | 0.02 0.57 | 0.17 0.81 |
Table 2 aminoacids content (%)
| Project | Apple residue | Fermentation raw material | Independent solid state fermentation product | Gu solid state fermentation product |
| Aspartic acid ASP threonine THR serine SER glutamic acid GLU proline PRO glycine GLY alanine ALA cysteine CYR valine VAL methionine MET isoleucine ILE leucine LEU tyrosine TYR phenylalanine PHE lysine LYS histidine HIS arginine ARG | 0.4887 0.1987 0.1779 0.8055 0.2782 0.2347 0.2014 0.0607 0.3136 0.0594 0.2261 0.4382 0.1958 0.2700 0.1846 0.0711 0.2477 | 0.848 0.3391 0.3727 1.683 0.5266 0.5057 0.4838 0.0843 0.9772 0.1482 0.2364 0.5368 0.4149 0.6014 0.2753 0.194 0.5048 | 1.6950 0.7533 0.8395 2.4060 0.8500 0.8489 0.9595 0.1050 0.9767 0.1846 0.8545 1.2120 0.5996 0.8269 1.0010 0.3935 0.8729 | 1.8125 0.7568 0.8354 2 5120 0.7802 0.8821 0.9981 0.2510 1.2101 0.1964 0.8457 1.3012 0.6475 0.8149 1.1621 0.4124 0.9321 |
| Total amount | 4.4523 | 8.7322 | 15.3789 | 16.3505 |
Measuring method:
The mensuration of crude protein: adopt GB GB/T6432-86, promptly micro-Kjeldahl determination.
Very proteic mensuration: adopt improved micro-Kjeldahl determination---take by weighing solid state fermentation product 5g,, fully stir with 40mL 75% ethanol lixiviate 24h, suction filtration, filter residue is used 40mL 75% ethanol repetitive scrubbing 2 times again, with flush away inorganic nitrogen and urea, and the while precipitating proteins.To be deposited under 65 ℃ and be dried to constant weight, and accurately take by weighing and carry out nitratedly about 1g, measure promptly above-mentioned GB GB/T6432-86 again with micro-Kjeldahl determination.
The mensuration of crude fat content: adopt GB GB/T6433-86, promptly Soxhlet is put forward the method for taking out.
The mensuration of crude fiber content: adopt GB GB/T6434-86, i.e. the acid-alkali washing method.
The mensuration of ash oontent: adopt GB GB/T6438-86, i.e. ashing method.
Amino acid whose mensuration: measure by the 121-MB of Institute of Analysis of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology type amino acidanalyser.
By the said determination result as seen, with the apple residue is main raw material, behind the mixed strains liquid-solid state fermentation, considerable change all takes place in the product main component, crude protein, true albumen and crude fat content have improved 76.7% respectively, 165.6% and 50.1%, robust fibre has then reduced by 36.63%, determined amino acid analysis through 17 kinds of necessity, its content is increased sharply and is abundant, complete, especially for the long crucial Serine of fowl dirty swine, Methionin, tyrosine and arginine etc. have improved 124.1% than fermentation raw material respectively, 322.1%, 56.1% and 84.6%, nutritive value significantly increases.
By determination of trace elements as can be known, beneficial element content is abundant, and contents of heavy metal elements meets similar feed base-material state health standards requirement (GB13078-91).Detect leavened prod through feeding quality supervision inspection center of the authoritative department Ministry of Agriculture (Xi'an), Salmonellas does not all detect, AFB
10.0039mg/kg be far smaller than the requirement of similar feed base-material such as wheat bran, corn national forage health standards (GB13078-91) such as (0.05mg/kg).Carry out the toxicity check through the disease prevention and control center, Shaanxi Province, the nontoxic level in the true border of product can be used as protein fodder and is widely used in the breed field.
Embodiment 2: the production of thalline song
The seed culture of strains is identical with embodiment 1.
Bright wet pomace is made solid-state fermentation culture medium A (apple residue 70%, wheat bran 20%, cotton seed cake 5%, urea 2%, (NH through 75 ℃ of dryings of hot air drier and after pulverizing 24 mesh sieves
4)
2SO
41%, KH
2PO
42%, adding water adjusting initial water content is 65%.), the amount of pressing the 15mL/100 substrate then inserts the sophisticated mixed strains of seed culture (Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=3.5: 1.5: 3), under 32 ℃, behind the solid state fermentation 54h solid state fermentation thing is transferred to the rapid drying case, 34 ℃ of dry 30h can get the song of apple residue thalline.
Claims (2)
1, fermentation of apple pulp is produced the method for thalline song, it is characterized in that:
(1) at first the apple residue of pulverizing is prepared burden into solid-state fermentation culture medium A, insert the sophisticated mixed strains of cultivation and carry out solid state fermentation;
Composition and content are among the described solid-state fermentation culture medium A: apple residue 65%-75%, wheat bran 15%-20%, cotton seed cake 5%-10%, urea 1%-3%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-2%, KH
2PO
41%-2%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 60%-75%;
Described mixed strains is formed and volumetric mixture ratio is a Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=(4-5.5): (1.5-3): (2-4);
The solid state fermentation parameter is:
Seed inoculum size: 8-20mL/100g substrate
Bed thickness: 3-4.5cm
Fermentation time: 48-54h
Leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃
(2) then tunning is obtained apple residue thalline song product at 32-36 ℃ of dry 24-36h.
2, the method for producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues is characterized in that:
(1) at first the apple residue of pulverizing is prepared burden into solid-state fermentation culture medium A, insert the sophisticated mixed strains of cultivation and carry out solid state fermentation;
Composition and content are among the described solid-state fermentation culture medium A: apple residue 65%-75%, wheat bran 15%-20%, cotton seed cake 5%-10%, urea 1%-3%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-2%, KH
2PO
41%-2%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 60%-75%;
Described mixed strains is formed and volumetric mixture ratio is a Candida utilis: fruit wine yeast: viride=(4-5.5): (1.5-3): (2-4);
The solid state fermentation parameter is:
Seed inoculum size: 8-20mL/100g substrate
Bed thickness: 3-4.5cm
Fermentation time: 48-54h
Leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃;
(2) then with tunning at 32-36 ℃ of dry 24-36h;
(3) at last with carrying out solid state fermentation once more among the above-mentioned dry back product access solid-state fermentation culture medium B, promptly get the apple dreg fodder protein product;
Composition and content are apple residue 75%-85% among the described apple residue solid-state fermentation culture medium B, wheat bran 10%-20%, urea 2%-4%, (NH
4)
2SO
41%-3%, KH
2PO
42%-4%, adding water adjusting initial water content then is 50%-75%;
The solid state fermentation parameter is:
Switching amount: 4%-6% (g/g)
Bed thickness: 3-5.5cm
Leavening temperature: 30-34 ℃
Fermentation time: 72-96h.
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| CN103652396A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-03-26 | 周天林 | Pig feed prepared by fermenting apple pomace and preparation method of pig feed |
| CN103609841A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-03-05 | 周天林 | Cattle/sheep forage prepared by fermentation of apple slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN106666077A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 四川省旺达饲料有限公司 | Preparation method of fruit-flavored fermented rice bran |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001084950A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | The Iams Company | Hypoallergenic dietary composition and method for diagnosing food allergies in companion animals |
| CN1470181A (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-01-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for producing protein feed by using apple residue double-baterial fermentation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001084950A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | The Iams Company | Hypoallergenic dietary composition and method for diagnosing food allergies in companion animals |
| CN1470181A (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-01-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for producing protein feed by using apple residue double-baterial fermentation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 苹果渣混合菌发酵生产饲料蛋白的研究 徐抗震等.饲料工业，第24卷第7期 2003 * |
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Assignee: Dongguan KONDARL Feed Co. Ltd. Assignor: Northwest University Contract record no.: 2010440000702 Denomination of invention: Method for producing fodder protein by solid-solid state fermenting apple residues Granted publication date: 20071212 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20050928 Record date: 20100609 |
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