CN100354342C - 具有与旋转方向相关的特性的弯曲部件 - Google Patents

具有与旋转方向相关的特性的弯曲部件 Download PDF

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CN100354342C
CN100354342C CNB2003101026477A CN200310102647A CN100354342C CN 100354342 C CN100354342 C CN 100354342C CN B2003101026477 A CNB2003101026477 A CN B2003101026477A CN 200310102647 A CN200310102647 A CN 200310102647A CN 100354342 C CN100354342 C CN 100354342C
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S·蒙谢默
M·拜尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种各向异性的弯曲部件，它至少含下列的层：I.增强层I，它含有纤维质增强成分I，其拉伸模量为1800—20000N/mm2，以及II.弹性体层II，其拉伸模量为2—1300N/mm2，其中该增强层或多层增强层I的成分I和该弹性体层或多层弹性体层II的弹性体的总量之间的重量比为1∶99—40∶60，在围绕平行于增强层I的转动轴线弯曲时，整个弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与反向旋转方向时的刚性比至少是1.2。该弯曲部件例如用作运动鞋的插入配件。

Description

具有与旋转方向相关的特性的弯曲部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在至少一个空间方向上具有与旋转方向相关的刚性的各向异性的模制部件。该模制部件在正向旋转时比在反向旋转时吸收明显高的力并由此相应地具有较高的回复力。本发明还涉及这种模制部件在运动鞋中作为插入配件的应用。
背景技术
具有各向异性刚性的模制部件是已知的。在DE-OS 19716179中描述了一类模制部件，该模制部件在受对纵向呈横向方向的力作用下表现出刚性，而在受另一方向的力作用下表现出明显的软性。这是通过在弹性基质嵌入热塑性带实现的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种模制部件，该模制部件在至少一个空间方向上以正向旋转方向弯曲时的行为与以反向旋转方向弯曲时的行为明显不同。例如在用于足球鞋的插入配件情况下，在跑动时需要软特性，以使脚的前部可展开，反之在射球时，即在改变旋转方向时，通过部件的较高刚性产生的明显支承是有利的。
这一目的通过一种呈各向异性的弯曲部件来实现，该部件至少含下列的层：
I。增强层I，它含有纤维质的增强成分I，其按照DIN EN ISO 527的拉伸模量为1800-20000N/mm2，优选12000-18000N/mm2，以及
II.弹性体层II，其按照DIN EN ISO 527的拉伸模量为2-1300N/mm2，优选80-800N/mm2，
其中该增强层或多层增强层I的成分I和该弹性体层或多层弹性体层II的弹性体的总量之间的重量比为1∶99-40∶60，在围绕层中的轴线弯曲时，整个弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与反向旋转方向时的刚性比至少是1.2。
在一种实施方案中，该模制部件由一层层I(1)和一层层II(2)组成，如图1所示。但其刚性与旋转方向的关系仅可通过软性部分(层II)的断面高度或材料强度和/或增强成分I的种类或量来调整。与旋转方向有关的刚性比较高，但在较软方向的刚性对某些应用是太低了，因为它仅由软性材料来决定。
在一种优选实施方案中，该模制部件由两层层II(2)组成，其间偏心地安置一层层I(1)，如图2所示。这里其刚性与旋转方向的关系可由内置的增强层(I)的位置来调整。但是因为层I优选吸收拉力，所以按旋转方向仅两层层II中的一层承受压力。因此该部件的结构较厚。
在另一种实施方案中，该模制部件由两层层I(1)和两层层II(2)组成，如图3所示。其中在最小结构厚度的情况下，其刚性与旋转方向的关系可通过内置增强层(1)的位置来调整。
在特定情况下，具有5、6、7或更多层的实施方案也是可能的，但它会引起结构上耗费的增加。
本发明的模制部件通常为长条或平面构形。如图1，2和3所示，它具有两条平行于增强层I的转动轴线x和y以及一个垂直于增强层I的转动轴线z。术语“平行”包括轴线x和y也可位于增强层I之一的内部。如果该弯曲部件为长条形，则通常该x-轴线是纵向轴线，y-轴线为旋转轴线。当该弯曲部件为平面形时，x-轴线和y-轴线都可代表旋转轴线。
增强纤维可具有任意的截面，例如圆的、椭圆的或扁的。其直径视模制部件的尺寸而定；通常为0.0001-2mm，优选0.1-0.6mm。增强纤维可由各种材料组成，如由棉、再生纤维素或乙酰纤维素(人造纤维)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、碳、硼、钢或玻璃组成。该增强纤维可以短纤维、长纤维或连续纤维使用，或以粗纱、纱、单向带(UD-带)、非织物、织物或针织物形式使用，还可任选含不同的纺织种类如麻织物、斜纹织物或缎纹织物。由不同纤维类构成的混合织物以及由不同非织物和织物组成的层结构也可用作增强成分。
弹性体层II由生橡胶、橡胶或热塑性弹性体组成。适用的生橡胶例如是丁苯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、乙丙橡胶(EPM)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)或其混合物。这些生橡胶或由其制成的生橡胶混合物可在模制部件中被硫化成橡胶。所有这些生橡胶以及其硫化反应是专业人员所熟知的，因此不需在此详述。生橡胶的具体选择视应用要求而定，这在本发明中并不重要。
同样，适用的热塑性弹性体例如是聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚醚酯、EPM或EPDM和聚烯烃的混合物、苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物，其也可为任选氢化的、热塑性聚氨酯、其混合物或一种或多种这些热塑性弹性体与生橡胶的混合物。这类物质也是专业人员熟知的。
在本发明范围内，层I I的弹性体和层I的增强成分互相粘结是所希望的。根据现有技术，对专业人员而言有下列可能性：
-已知是相容的材料的选择(例如PA12作为增强物和基于PA12的聚醚酯酰胺或聚醚酰胺作弹性体；PA11作为增强物和基于PA11的聚醚酯酰胺或聚醚酰胺作为弹性体以及基于其它聚酰胺如PA6或PA612的相应组合)；
-通过具有反应性基团的化合物如马来酸酐的聚入或接枝对成分，通常是弹性体成分进行改性；
-应用粘合剂。
本发明的模制部件可按各种方法制备。通常层I以单独的操作制备。有一系列可用来制备增强部件的方法，其中增强纤维被弹性体充分润湿和牢固包围。在这些方法中示例性提及：
a)将呈各种应用形式(如粗纱、织物、针织物、UD-带)的增强纤维用弹性体溶液浸湿，溶剂经蒸发，并且同时或之后使该增强部件成形，如通过高温下的压制来成形。
b)将呈各种应用形式的增强纤维和热塑性弹性体的薄膜交替地互叠置，将该层构件在压热器或压机中于高温及加压下变形。
c)在呈各种应用形式，优选呈非织物、织物或针织物形式的增强纤维上散布热塑性弹性体的粉末，接着使带有粘结粉末的纤维通过加热区，优选通过红外炉，炉中聚合物粉末熔融并牢固粘合在纤维上。由此所得的预浸件经压延机冷却，然后例如在压机中于高温下使其形成所需形状。
d)加工粗纱，首先将其分开，并在此状态下于流化床中用弹性体粉末润湿。之后该润湿的粗纱用同样聚合物的挤压膜覆盖。然后将该粗纱加工成织物预浸件或UD-预浸件，其本身，例如在压机中于高温下变形成增强部件。
这些和类似方法有其共同点，即在第一步将增强层I制成预浸件。
在第二步中，将该预浸件与弹性体层组合在一起。例如将预浸件放入铸模或注模中，并喷上弹性基质。另外，这种模制部件也可经压制制造。当其涉及仅由两层构成的复合体时，这样形成的复合部件就已是成品了。
如果该复合部件含有三层，即外层为弹性体基质，内层但不是中心是增强层，则将该经喷涂的部件再次放入模具中，并从另一面进行同样的喷涂。如果外表面还要有增强层(四层复合部件)，则它同样作为预浸件置入，并在两置入部件之间喷注弹性体。
如果该增强成分是足够的粗纤维，则也可不经预先加工成预浸件而与一层弹性体或多层弹性体进行压制。这种情况下，将弹性体渗透进各纤维之间的空隙中，并将空隙充满。
制备本发明弯曲部件的另一种可能性在于应用短纤维作为增强成分，即为制备层I采用短纤维增强的弹性体复合物，并利用两组分的喷注制备模制部件。
该整个弯曲部件在正向旋转方向的刚性与在反向旋转的刚性的比优选为1∶1.2-1∶6，特别优选为1∶1.5-1∶5，十分特别优选为1∶1.8-1∶3。
该弯曲部件除层I和II外，还可含其它的层，如漆层、粘合层或装饰膜层。此外，它还包括另外的结构部件，例如用于引入力的喷注的固定点。
本发明的弯曲部件的应用，在该应用中它围绕平行于增强层I的转动轴线不仅可以正向旋转方向弯曲，也可以反向旋转方向弯曲，例如作为运动鞋的插入配件，特别是足球鞋的插入配件，用于运动器械如桨或在医学工程中如用于假肢的插入件。

Claims (16)

1.一种运动鞋插入件，其包含：
一种各向异性的弯曲部件，它包含：
至少一种增强层I，其各自含有纤维质增强成分I，其按照DIN ENISO 527的拉伸-E-模量为1800-20000N/mm2，以及
至少一种弹性体层II，其各自含有弹性体，并且按照DIN EN ISO527的拉伸-E-模量为2-1300N/mm2，其中
纤维质增强成分I的弯曲部件与弹性体的重量比为1∶99-40∶60；和
当弯曲部件围绕平行于增强层I的轴线弯曲时，弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与弯曲部件在反向旋转方向时的刚性比是1∶1.2或更高；
其中所述弯曲部件被成形为能够插入到运动鞋中。
2.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中该弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与弯曲部件在反向旋转方向时的刚性比为1∶1.2-1∶6。
3.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中该弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与弯曲部件在反向旋转方向时的刚性比为1∶1.5-1∶5。
4.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中该弯曲部件在正向旋转方向时的刚性与弯曲部件在反向旋转方向时的刚性的比为1∶1.8-1∶3。
5.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中纤维质增强成分I包含增强纤维，其各自具有的直径为0.0001-2mm。
6.权利要求5的运动鞋插入件，其中增强纤维包含选自下列的材料：棉、人造纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、芳族聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、碳、硼、钢和玻璃。
7.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中弹性体包含选自下列的材料：生橡胶、橡胶和热塑性弹性体。
8.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
弹性体包含生橡胶；和
生橡胶包含选自下列的材料：丁苯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、乙丙橡胶EPM、三元乙丙橡胶EPDM及其混合物。
9.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
弹性体包含橡胶；和
橡胶是通过硫化生橡胶来制备的，其中所述生橡胶包含选自下列的材料：丁苯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶、天然橡胶、异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、乙丙橡胶EPM、三元乙丙橡胶EPDM及其混合物。
10.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
弹性体包含热塑性弹性体；和
热塑性弹性体包含选自下列的材料：聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酰胺、聚醚酯、乙丙橡胶EPM和聚烯烃的混合物、三元乙丙橡胶EPDM和聚烯烃的混合物、苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物、热塑性聚氨酯及其混合物。
11.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中至少一个弹性体层II各自直接粘结到一个或多个至少一个增强层I上。
12.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其进一步包含位于至少一个弹性体层II之一与至少一个增强层I之一之间的一个粘合层。
13.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
至少一个增强层I由单一的增强层I组成；和
至少一个弹性体层II由单一的弹性体层II组成。
14.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
至少一个弹性体层II包含两个弹性体层II；和
至少一个增强层I包含一个增强层I，其位于两个弹性体层II其间并且偏心地安置。
15.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中
至少一个增强层I包含第一增强层I和第二增强层I；
至少一个弹性体层II包含第一弹性体层II和第二弹性体层II；和
第一增强层I、第一弹性体层II、第二增强层I以及第二弹性体层II以该顺序在弯曲部件中安置。
16.权利要求1的运动鞋插入件，其中所述运动鞋是足球鞋。
CNB2003101026477A 2002-10-29 2003-10-28 具有与旋转方向相关的特性的弯曲部件 Expired - Fee Related CN100354342C (zh)

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