CN100350185C - Straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler - Google Patents
Straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN100350185C CN100350185C CNB2006100696899A CN200610069689A CN100350185C CN 100350185 C CN100350185 C CN 100350185C CN B2006100696899 A CNB2006100696899 A CN B2006100696899A CN 200610069689 A CN200610069689 A CN 200610069689A CN 100350185 C CN100350185 C CN 100350185C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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Abstract
A recirculation fluidized bed combustion boiler of straw is prepared as setting material feed mouth and residue extraction mouth on firepot, setting cooling device being connected to ignition combustion chamber and refeeder with secondary wind opening at bottom of firepot, using water cooling wall with top and bottom collection boxes as side wall of firepot, connecting outlet of firepot to separation device being connected to refeeder and two stages of thermo reduction devices separately, connecting one stage of thermo reduction device to a overheat unit with economizer and preheater as well as setting steam pocket and water supply pipe at top of firepot.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is the novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler of fuel with cotton stalk, cornstalk and branch, belongs to biomass straw treatment process and fluidization field.
Background technology
China's biomass resource is very abundant, and its middle cotton stalk, cornstalk, branch etc. account for significant proportion.How efficiently to utilize these agricultural wastes, with realize that it is innoxious, minimizing and resource, become a current important topic both domestic and external.Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is applied to the extensive processing of cotton stalk, cornstalk, branch, solve the shortcoming of traditional treatment method poor efficiency, high pollution, be used for generating or heat supply simultaneously, substitute the part fossil fuel, will play important effect China's energy and environmental protection strategy.
The boiler of existing pure burning stalk mainly contains two kinds of mechanical kiln grate furnace and fluid bed furnaces.In grate furnace, the stirring extent of fuel, distribution of gas, integral combustion reaction speed cause the section thermic load to be lower than fluid bed not as good as fluid bed furnace, make that grate furnace equipment is huge, investment cost height, and fluid bed furnace compact conformation, and floor space is little.Grate furnace requires fuel value to keep relative stability, and the fluid bed emulsion zone has a large amount of high-temperature materials, and the thermal capacity of bed is big, and fuel tolerance is strong.Because recirculating fluidized bed adopts low temperature (800～900 ℃), fractional combustion mode, significantly reduced the generation of nitrogen oxide.On the contrary, grate furnace partial combustion temperature height, pollutant emission height in the flue gas.Therefore, from efficiency of combustion and pollutant emission, fluid bed furnace is better than grate furnace.
The mechanical kiln grate furnace has ripe long-time running experience abroad because simple to operate, and usage quantity is more, and existing many approved products are recently domesticly also brought into use.From present operating position, what external grate furnace use was ideal is the vibration water-cooled grate stove of Denmark BWE company.Fluidization is that the low range differential bed recirculating fluidized bed straw boiler with German KARLBAY company is representative.
Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is as a kind of high-efficient low polluting combustion technology, demonstrates very big advantage at environmental protection and inferior fuel aspect utilizing.But at present domestic design and the manufacturing technology that does not also have to grasp the Circulation fluidized-bed furnace that is used for straw burning, general dependence on import, introducing equipment costs an arm and a leg.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention be exactly for the efficiency of combustion that solves present straw burning equipment low, pollutant discharge amount is big, the problem that the import equipment cost is high provides a kind of novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler, is used for handling on a large scale regenerative resources such as cotton stalk, cornstalk and branch.Not only solve the problem of environmental pollution that the current rural area direct crop straw burning of the edge of a field causes, and can also substitute fossil fuel, be used to produce electric energy and heat energy.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it has sidewall is the burner hearth of water-cooling wall, the burner hearth upper and lower side is water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber and water-cooling wall next part case; The burner hearth upper end also has drum to be connected with supply line; Lower furnace portion has at least one feed opening and slag-drip opening, and its front-back wall is crooked in stove, forms an angle with the burner hearth axis; Burner hearth bottom has water cooled wind chamber to be connected with igniter chamber; Also be provided with at least one material returning device in lower furnace portion, furnace outlet is communicated with at least one high temperature cyclone separator, high temperature cyclone separator is communicated with tail vertical well gas flue, in tail vertical well gas flue, be provided with at least one superheater and economizer, also be provided with the overfiren air port that is staggered layout on the described lower furnace portion front-back wall; Feed opening has three to be arranged on the front wall, wherein gives preceding point for two, gives the back point for one, and they are connected with feeding device; On water cooled wind chamber top is water-cooled distributor; The external heat exchanger of establishing the high temperature superheater of arranging along row in the warp of high temperature cyclone separator bottom is connected with corresponding material returning device, its top is communicated with tail vertical well gas flue by horizontal flue, be provided with convection bank in horizontal flue, the convection bank bottom is an ash bucket, by box tube blower ash discharge; At the tail vertical well gas flue epimere is higher level's low temperature superheater, subordinate's low temperature superheater, at least one economizer of arranging along row, hypomere at back-end ductwork also has at least one air preheater simultaneously, and higher level's low temperature superheater, subordinate low temperature superheater exit are respectively equipped with secondary direct-contact desuperheater and one-level direct-contact desuperheater.
Described economizer is an adverse current twin-stage membrane type, and air preheater is that four backhauls are horizontal, and water-cooling wall is a film water cold wall structure.
Described high temperature cyclone separator has two, for being arranged in juxtaposition.
Medium in the described supply line is through entering drum after the heating of two-stage economizer up and down, in drum, carry out carbonated drink separation, saturation water after the separation enters water-cooling wall next part case, combustion chamber water-cooling wall successively through common downcomer, flows into upper collecting chamber behind the heating evaporation, enters drum then; Saturated vapor after the separation flows into low temperature superheater next part case through the drum fairlead, by entering one-level attemperator desuperheat after subordinate's low temperature superheater heating, flow into secondary attemperator climate comfort by higher level's low temperature superheater heating back then, superheated steam behind spray desuperheating flows into the high temperature superheater that is arranged in the external heat exchanger, enter after superheated steam after the heating is heated to 450 ℃ and exceed outlet collection case, enter the remittance vapour collection case that is arranged in the stokehold then, send into steam turbine power generation at last.
Boiler capacity 20～220t/h of the present invention, steam parameter from medium temperature and medium pressure, inferior high temperature sub-high pressure to HTHP, burner hearth cross section state speed 4～6m/s, 800～900 ℃ of furnace temperature.Fuel used is cotton stalk, cornstalk and branch etc.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, burning straw CFBB efficient of the present invention also has good load adjustment ability simultaneously more than 85%, can regulate in 30～110% load ranges.
2, tube wall temperature is the highest high temperature superheater places external heat exchanger, because basic non-corrosiveness gas in the external heat exchanger, and the solid material particle diameter is little, and fluidizing velocity is low, has effectively prevented the corrosion and the wearing and tearing of high temperature superheater.
3, horizontal flue is arranged convection bank.Convection bank belongs to evaporating heating surface, can be used as not enough the replenishing of burner hearth caloric receptivity, and the alkali metal that volatilizes in the combustion process is condensed, and prevents that the perpendicular also heating surface of afterbody knot ash from stopping up.
4, the adaptability of fuel is good, and CFBB of the present invention can be used for handling on a large scale cotton stalk, cornstalk and branch strip stalks such as (as the jujube tree branches).
5, the granularity adaptability to fuel is good, and size distribution can be 2～20cm, and the stalk fuel crushing mechanism is required to reduce.
6, adopt the reinforced mode of multiple spot, input fuel is evenly distributed in the boiler cross section.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler device front view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler device left view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler device vertical view of the present invention.
Wherein, 1. drum, 2. down-comer, 3. water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber, 4. furnace outlet, 5. adiabatic cyclone separator, 6. burner hearth, 7. converge vapour collection case, 8. water-cooling wall, 9. overfiren air port, 10. feed opening, 11. water-cooled distributors, 12. water cooled wind chambers, 13. scum pipe, 14. convection banks, 15. ash buckets, 16. the secondary attemperator, 17. higher level's low temperature superheaters, 18. one-level attemperators, 19. subordinate's low temperature superheater, 20. low temperature superheater inlet header casees, 21. economizers, 22. tail vertical well gas flue, 23. air preheaters, 24. high temperature superheaters outlet collection case, 25. ash releasing tube, 26. external heat exchangers, 27. high temperature superheaters, 28. material returning device, 29. slag-drip openings, 30. start-up burners, 31. water-cooling wall next part case, 32. box tube blowers, 33. economizer exit collection casees, 34. collection case in the middle of the economizer, 35. economizer inlet header casees, 36. expansion joints.
The specific embodiment
Specify the realization of technology path of the present invention and target below with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 3: adopt the ignition under bed mode, start the bottom that burner 30 is arranged in water-cooled aerofoil 11; Burner hearth 6 bottoms are water-cooled distributor 11 and water cooled wind chamber 12 and slag-drip opening 29, scum pipe 13; Burner hearth 6 bottom front-back wall water-cooling walls are crooked in stove, form certain angle with axis; Water-cooling wall adopts film water cold wall structure pattern 8; 10, two of three material inlets give the back point for preceding point, one, and they are connected with feeding device; Furnace outlet 4 is arranged in juxtaposition two high temperature cyclone separators 5, and the junction of they and water-cooling wall is established expansion joint 36 respectively, and high temperature cyclone separator 5 connects corresponding two material returning devices 28 respectively; Low temperature superheater 17 is along row and is arranged in the epimere of tail vertical well, and high temperature superheater 27 is along row and is arranged in the external heat exchanger 26 in the wall outside behind the fluidized bed combustion chamber; Convection bank 14 is arranged in horizontal flue, and the below is provided with ash bucket 15, by box tube blower 32 ash discharges; One-level direct-contact desuperheater 18 and secondary direct-contact desuperheater 16 are arranged in the outlet of subordinate's low temperature superheater 19 and higher level's low temperature superheater 17 respectively; Adverse current twin-stage membrane type economizer 21 is arranged in the stage casing of back-end ductwork, and economizer top connects economizer exit collection case 33, and the middle part collects case 34 in the middle of connecing economizer, and the bottom connects economizer inlet header case 35; Four backhaul horizontal air preheaters 23 are arranged in the hypomere of back-end ductwork.
Fuel (diesel oil or natural gas) and produce high-temperature flue gas starting 30 burning backs, combustion chamber from the burning wind of primary air fan enters water cooled wind chamber 12, enters burner hearth 6 by water-cooled distributor 11 again, to add the hott bed material.Stalk fuel adds from charge door 10.Air divides wind and secondary wind to send into 6, wind of burner hearth to enter fluidized bed combustion chamber 6 through water cooled wind chamber 12 and water-cooled distributor 11 after air preheater 23 heating; Secondary wind divides three layers to enter in the stove from front-back wall along furnace height after air preheater 23 heating, and three layers of overfiren air port 9 are the staggered front-back wall that is arranged in, spray in the stove at a high speed, and the aftercombustion required air, and strengthen the interior gas-solid of stove and mix.Flue gas and the material of carrying secretly enter the high-temperature heat insulation cyclone separator 5 that is arranged between burner hearth and the tail vertical well gas flue 22 at 4 fens two-way of furnace outlet, the ash that separates, divide two-way to enter burner hearth 6, one the tunnel enters in the external heat exchanger 26, external heat exchanger 26 is a low speed bubbling bed form, arrange high temperature superheater 27 in the bed, return burner hearth after flying dust and high temperature superheater 27 heat exchange and burn: another road is directly returned in the stove, with the Temperature Distribution of control external heat exchanger and burner hearth.Flue gas after the separation is by convection bank 14, the part flying dust falls into ash bucket 15 through after separating, send into the box grey device 32 that fills through ash releasing tube 25, do not have the separated flying dust that gets off in company with flue gas flow through successively low temperature superheater 17 and 19, economizer 21 and air preheater 23, discharge by the exhaust pass of boiler then.Boiler feedwater is through entering drum 1 after 21 heating of two-stage economizer up and down, in drum 1, carry out carbonated drink separation, saturation water after the separation enters water-cooling wall next part case 31, combustion chamber water-cooling wall 8 successively through common downcomer 2, flows into upper collecting chamber 3 behind the heating evaporation, enters drum 1 then; Saturated vapor after the separation flows into low temperature superheater next part case 20 through drum 1 fairlead, by entering one-level attemperator 18 desuperheats after 19 heating of subordinate's low temperature superheater, flow into secondary attemperator 16 climate comforts by higher level's low temperature superheater 17 heating backs then, superheated steam behind spray desuperheating flows into the high temperature superheater 27 that is arranged in the external heat exchanger, enter after superheated steam after the heating is heated to 450 ℃ and exceed outlet collection case 24, enter the remittance vapour collection case 7 that is arranged in the stokehold then, send into steam turbine power generation at last.
The CFBB capacity that uses cotton stalk, cornstalk, branch of the present invention is 20～220 tons/hour, and steam parameter is medium temperature and medium pressure, inferior HTHP and HTHP, boiler efficiency 〉=85%.
Embodiment 1:
As-received phosphorus content 36.54%, hydrogen content 4.87%, oxygen content 40.54%, nitrogen content 0.24%, the sulfur content 0.13% of cotton stalk, ash 1.68%, moisture content 16%, low heat valve 12921.52kJ/kg.Adopt the ignition under bed Starting mode during boiler startup, starting fluid (diesel oil or natural gas) and produce high-temperature flue gas starting 30 burning backs, combustion chamber from the burning wind of primary air fan, high-temperature flue gas with mix wind and in the combustion chamber, be mixed to about 880 ℃, enter water cooled wind chamber 12, enter burner hearth 6 by water-cooled distributor 11, (quartz sand, river sand, potassic feldspar or middle corundum, size distribution are 200 μ m～1mm) to add the hott bed material.Because cotton stalk volatile matter content height, ignition temperature is lower, and when the bed material was heated to 400 ℃, can add chopping back length from charge door 10 was the cotton stalk fuel of 2～20cm.After fuel added, the bed temperature fast rise when bed temperature rises to after 750 ℃, was closed starting fluid (diesel oil or natural gas) system, controlled cotton stalk fuel and added speed and first and second air quantity, progressively furnace temperature was adjusted to 800～900 ℃.After main steam pressure, temperature reach requirement, can the red switch steam turbine generator.After steam turbine generator generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, add speed and first and second air quantity, progressively improve boiler load to requirements by increasing cotton stalk fuel.
Boiler normal combustion required air divides wind and secondary wind to send into burner hearth 6, and primary and secondary air is distributed by a certain percentage.One time wind is heated to about 200 ℃ through air preheater 23, enter burner hearth 6 through water cooled wind chamber 12 and water-cooled distributor 11 then, secondary wind is heated to about 200 ℃ through air preheater, divide three layers to enter in the stove from front-back wall along furnace height, three layers of overfiren air port 9 are staggered to be arranged, sprays in the stove aftercombustion required air at a high speed, and mix in the reinforcement stove, burner hearth cross section state speed is 4～6m/s.Secondary air separating level air supply mode also can be controlled the stove internal combustion, reduces the growing amount of NOx.Flue gas and the material of carrying secretly enter the high-temperature heat insulation cyclone separator 5 that is arranged between burner hearth and the tail vertical well gas flue 22 at 4 fens two-way of upper furnace outlet, the Hui Yilu that separates enters in the external heat exchanger 26, and returns burner hearth after high temperature superheater 27 heat exchange and burns; Another road can directly enter burner hearth 6, with the Temperature Distribution of control external heat exchanger and burner hearth.Flue gas after the separation is by convection bank 14, and the part flying dust falls into ash bucket 15 through after separating, does not have the separated flying dust that gets off in company with flue gas flow through successively low temperature superheater 17, economizer 21 and air preheater 23, enters the exhaust pass of boiler then.Boiler feedwater enters drum 1 after two-stage economizer 21 is heated to 255 ℃ up and down; Saturation water in the boiler enters water-cooling wall next part case 31, combustion chamber water-cooling wall 8 through common downcomer 2, flows into upper collecting chamber 3 behind the heating evaporation, enters drum 1 then; Saturated vapor flows into low temperature superheater next part case 20 through drum 1 fairlead, by entering attemperator 18 climate comforts after 19 heating of subordinate's low temperature superheater, flow into secondary attemperator 16 climate comforts by higher level's low temperature superheater 17 heating backs again then, superheated steam behind spray desuperheating flows into the high temperature superheater 27 in the external heat exchanger, enter after being heated to 450 ℃ and exceed outlet collection case 24, enter the remittance vapour collection case 7 that is arranged in the stokehold again, enter steam turbine power generation at last.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it has sidewall is the burner hearth (6) of water-cooling wall (8), burner hearth (6) upper and lower side is water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber (3) and water-cooling wall next part case (31); Burner hearth (6) upper end also has drum (1) to be connected with supply line; At least one feed opening (10) and slag-drip opening (29) are arranged at burner hearth (6) bottom, and its front-back wall is crooked in stove, forms an angle with burner hearth (6) axis; Burner hearth (6) bottom has water cooled wind chamber (12) to be connected with igniter chamber (30); Also be provided with at least one material returning device (28) in burner hearth (6) bottom, furnace outlet (4) is communicated with at least one high temperature cyclone separator (5), high temperature cyclone separator (5) is communicated with tail vertical well gas flue (22), in tail vertical well gas flue (22), be provided with at least one superheater and economizer (21), it is characterized in that: also be provided with the overfiren air port (9) that is staggered layout on the front-back wall of described burner hearth (6) bottom; Feed opening (10) has three to be arranged on the front wall, wherein gives preceding point for two, gives the back point for one, and they are connected with feeding device; On water cooled wind chamber (12) top is water-cooled distributor (11); The external heat exchanger (26) of establishing the high temperature superheater of arranging along row (27) in the warp of high temperature cyclone separator (5) bottom is connected with corresponding material returning device (28), its top is communicated with tail vertical well gas flue (22) by horizontal flue, in horizontal flue, be provided with convection bank (14), convection bank (14) bottom is ash bucket (15), by box tube blower (32) ash discharge; At tail vertical well gas flue (22) epimere is higher level's low temperature superheater (17), subordinate's low temperature superheater (19), at least one economizer (21) of arranging along row, hypomere at back-end ductwork also has at least one air preheater (23) simultaneously, and higher level's low temperature superheater (17), subordinate's low temperature superheater (19) exit are respectively equipped with secondary direct-contact desuperheater (16) and one-level direct-contact desuperheater (18).
2, novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described economizer (21) is an adverse current twin-stage membrane type, and air preheater (23) is that four backhauls are horizontal, and water-cooling wall (8) is a film water cold wall structure.
3, novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described high temperature cyclone separator (5) has two, for being arranged in juxtaposition.
4, novel straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the medium in the described supply line is through entering drum (1) after two-stage economizer (21) heating up and down, in drum (1), carry out carbonated drink separation, saturation water after the separation enters water-cooling wall next part case (31), combustion chamber water-cooling wall (8) successively through common downcomer (2), flow into upper collecting chamber (3) behind the heating evaporation, enter drum (1) then; Saturated vapor after the separation flows into low temperature superheater next part case (20) through drum (1) fairlead, by entering one-level attemperator (18) desuperheat after subordinate's low temperature superheater (19) heating, flow into secondary attemperator (16) climate comfort by higher level's low temperature superheater (17) heating back then, superheated steam behind spray desuperheating flows into the high temperature superheater (27) that is arranged in the external heat exchanger, enter after superheated steam after the heating is heated to 450 ℃ and exceed outlet collection case (24), enter the remittance vapour collection case (7) that is arranged in the stokehold then, send into steam turbine power generation at last.
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| CNB2006100696899A CN100350185C (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2006-08-11 | Straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler |
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| CNB2006100696899A CN100350185C (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2006-08-11 | Straw circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler |
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| JP2003262907A (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-19 | Kyocera Corp | Pop-up photographic lens system for digital camera or the like |
| JP2004347145A (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-12-09 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Aluminum deposition preventing method for rpf fired circulation fluidized bed boiler |
| CN2702258Y (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-05-25 | 清华大学 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler for burning domestic refuse |
| CN1696569A (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-16 | 清华大学 | Boiler of circulating fluid bed for burning household garbage |
| CN2804620Y (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-08-09 | 南通万达锅炉股份有限公司 | 12t/h cyclic fluidized-bed boiler |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101614392B (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2011-02-16 | 中国华电工程(集团)有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler burning straw-like biomass and feeding method |
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