A kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of CFBC equipment, particularly relate to a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed steam boiler producing superheated steam, belong to colm, solid waste, the burning of city and the inferior fuel such as industrial sludge, living beings and steam generating equipment, be particularly suitable for firing the steam utilization systems such as the industry heating of inferior fuel and small power generation.
Background technology
At present, the low-grade fuels such as burning inferior coal, solid waste, mud, living beings produce hot water, the boiler of steam mainly contains chain furnace, water-cooling vibration furnace grate boiler and CFBB etc., the different qualities of based on fuel can select the different type of furnaces, the different type of furnaces has respective feature.Hot-water boiler is mainly used in urban heat supplying, and steam boiler is mainly used in industry heating, steam-electric power etc.
CFBB is the boiler technology of the high-efficiency cleaning that development in recent years is got up, and fuel tolerance is wide, the fuel such as burning fat coal, colm, solid waste, living beings.Because its efficiency of combustion is high, can carry out the operation of the Environmental capacity such as desulfuration in furnace, denitration, have the advantages such as low NOx and SOx discharge, thus current obtaining at electricity market is developed rapidly simultaneously, to maximization future development, the CFBB of 600MWe is being put into commercial operation.In power industry, the use due to fuel such as colm, solid waste, living beings easily causes the stopping accident that generates electricity, and thus the direct burn application of these fuel receives a definite limitation, the fuel that actual many adaptation qualities are higher.In contrast, at Industrial Boiler and provide the fields such as small power plant for oneself, because the evaporation capacity of boiler is little, convenient, the vapour system of flexible operation, maintenance adopts piping-main scheme, flexibly for subsequent use, and thus the fuel etc. such as colm, solid waste, living beings is favored day by day.Traditional vertical, to there is shaft in single-stage circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler high, the shortcomings such as boiler island is bulky, requires higher to workshop building.Simultaneously the supporting steel frame of boiler island and the steel consumption of boiler island body comparatively large, make Project Cost and initial cost higher.For the defect of vertical circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler in Industrial Boiler field, Chinese patent literature CN200510126362.6 discloses a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed combustion apparatus and circulating combustion method thereof, adopt external vertical cyclone separator, the burner hearth of traditional vertical boiler be divided into main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber and secondary furnace three parts, thus effectively reduce furnace height.Chinese patent literature CN201010110352.4 discloses a kind of multipath circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprise main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber and secondary furnace, leave blanking channel between the bottom surface of secondary furnace and the bottom surface of subsidiary combustion chamber, secondary furnace bottom surface arranges loosening hood, ensures smooth separation and the conveying of material.But these type boilers are used for producing hot water or saturated vapor, thus cannot be applicable to the higher level industry heating of temperature and pressure requirement or steam generating system.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed for prior art and defect, the present invention proposes a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler, and one side structural configuration is compact, fluidized combustion, can produce the high-quality superheated steam of high temperature, high pressure on the other hand.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler, it comprises the main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber, secondary furnace, drum, carbonated drink fairlead, saturated vapor fairlead, separator and the back-end ductwork that are made up of main combustion chamber emulsion zone and main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone, air distribution plate is had in main combustion chamber lower disposed, the first water-cooling wall partition wall is had between main combustion chamber and subsidiary combustion chamber, there is the second water-cooling wall partition wall between subsidiary combustion chamber and secondary furnace, bottom subsidiary combustion chamber and secondary furnace, have V-arrangement ash bucket; Separator is connected with secondary furnace by interface channel, and separator can arrange one or two according to boiler size; Separator bottom is connected with material returning device by feed back passage; Material returning device is connected with V-arrangement hopper bottom with returning charge mouth respectively; Be furnished with low-level (stack-gas) economizer, high-temperature economizer and air preheater in back-end ductwork, low-level (stack-gas) economizer and high-temperature economizer are connected in series.Multi-screen hyperthermia radiation superheater arranged by described a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler in main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone, arranges low temperature convection superheater in subsidiary combustion chamber; Low temperature convection superheater is connected with drum by saturated vapor fairlead; Hyperthermia radiation superheater is connected with low temperature convection superheater by steam liaison tube; Steam liaison tube arranges direct-contact desuperheater; Often shield hyperthermia radiation superheater to be made up of inlet header, outlet header and superheater tube; Low temperature convection superheater is made up of upper header, lower collecting box and coiled pipe.
Technical characteristic of the present invention is also: the distance S1 in described multi-screen hyperthermia radiation superheater between tube panel is 0.6 ~ 2.0m; Spacing S1 be 0.6 ~ 2.0m; Between superheater tube pipe, pitch S2 is 1.25 ~ 1.50 with the ratio of caliber D1.The top of described low temperature convection superheater is ladder-like arranged, from the first water-cooling wall partition wall 8 to the second stepped downward-sloping layout in water-cooling wall partition wall 28 direction; Between coiled pipe, transverse pitch S3 is 60 ~ 150mm, longitudinal pitch S4 is 50 ~ 120mm.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and high-lighting effect: 1. compared with traditional Horizontal CFB Boiler, can produce high temperature and high pressure steam.Owing to being provided with direct-contact desuperheater, can accurately control superheater outlet vapor (steam) temperature.2. the hyperthermia radiation superheater in main combustion chamber and the low temperature convection superheater arranged in series in subsidiary combustion chamber, make full use of radiant superheater, convection superheater outlet steam temperature with the opposite characteristic of load variations, steam temperature control characteristic is good, is convenient to temperature control.3. the convection superheater arranged of horizontal in subsidiary combustion chamber, ladder, fully adapt to the Gas-particle Flows outside pipe, the balance circulation and the heat transfer that are conducive to material are balanced.The present invention, on the basis of traditional Horizontal CFB Boiler, arranges unique superheater system.The present invention is in " stove ", and the fuel tolerance not only inheriting Horizontal CFB Boiler is wide and efficiency of combustion is high, the advantage of desulfuration in furnace, denitration, and in " pot ", can produce high temperature and high pressure steam.The present invention is specially adapted to the occasion needing high-quality steam to utilize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic diagram of a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is boiler steam and water circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are the low temperature convection superheater tube bank schematic diagram that ladder is arranged.
Fig. 4 is hyperthermia radiation superheater tube screen schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the top view of the Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler of a layout separator.
Fig. 6 is the Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler top view of layout two separators.
In figure: 1-air distribution plate; 2-main combustion chamber emulsion zone; 3-fuel apparatus for feeding; 4-direct-contact desuperheater; 5-steam liaison tube; 6-hyperthermia radiation superheater; 7-main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone; 8-first water-cooling wall partition wall; 9-down-comer; 10-carbonated drink fairlead; 11-superheated steam exports; 12-saturated vapor fairlead; 13-drum; 14-subsidiary combustion chamber; 15-secondary furnace; 16-interface channel; 17-separator; 18-horizontal flue; 19-back-end ductwork; 20-high-temperature economizer; 21-low-level (stack-gas) economizer; 22-air preheater; 23-exhanst gas outlet; 24-returning charge mouth; 25-material returning device; 26-V shape ash bucket; 27-feed back passage; 28-second water-cooling wall partition wall; 29-rear water wall; 30-low temperature convection superheater; 31-spray desuperheating control valve; 32-desuperheating water pipeline; 33-upper header; 34-coiled pipe; 35-lower collecting box; 36-inlet header; 37-outlet header; 38-superheater tube.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention and the course of work are further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic diagram of a kind of Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler provided by the present invention, it comprises the main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber 14, secondary furnace 15, drum 13, carbonated drink fairlead 10, saturated vapor fairlead 12, separator 17 and the back-end ductwork 19 that are made up of main combustion chamber emulsion zone 2 and main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone 7, air distribution plate 1 is had in main combustion chamber lower disposed, the first water-cooling wall partition wall 8 is had between main combustion chamber and subsidiary combustion chamber 14, there is the second water-cooling wall partition wall 28 between subsidiary combustion chamber 14 and secondary furnace 15, bottom subsidiary combustion chamber 14 and secondary furnace 15, have V-arrangement ash bucket 26; Separator 17 is connected with secondary furnace 15 by interface channel 16, can arrange one or two; Separator 17 bottom is connected with material returning device 25 by feed back passage 27; Material returning device 25 is connected with bottom returning charge mouth 24 and V-arrangement ash bucket 26 respectively; Be furnished with low-level (stack-gas) economizer 21, high-temperature economizer 20 and air preheater 22 in back-end ductwork 19, low-level (stack-gas) economizer 21 and high-temperature economizer 22 are connected in series.In main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone 7, arrange multi-screen hyperthermia radiation superheater 6, in subsidiary combustion chamber 14, arrange low temperature convection superheater 30.Low temperature convection superheater 30 is connected with drum 13 by saturated vapor fairlead 12; Hyperthermia radiation superheater 6 is connected with low temperature convection superheater 30 by steam liaison tube 5; Steam liaison tube 5 is arranged direct-contact desuperheater 4.
Fig. 2 is Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler boiler circuit schematic diagram of the present invention, boiler feedwater enters drum 13 successively after low-level (stack-gas) economizer 21, high-temperature economizer 20, then distributes to the water-cooling wall in main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber 14 and secondary furnace 15 by down-comer 9.Boiler feedwater forms steam water interface after absorbing heat in water-cooling wall, and steam water interface causes drum 13 by carbonated drink fairlead 10 again.Steam water interface is through the water separator of drum inside, hot water section is continued to be fed into down-comer 9 and is participated in circulation, saturated vapor part is then caused in low temperature convection superheater 30 by saturated vapor fairlead 12 again and continues absorb heat and reach superheat state, forms superheated steam.Superheated steam is caused in hyperthermia radiation superheater 6 by steam liaison tube 5 and continues heat absorption, until after reaching design parameter, exports 11 draw boiler by superheated steam.Desuperheating water of superheater draws from boiler feedwater, causes direct-contact desuperheater 4 via desuperheating water pipeline 32.Superheated steam by with the object reaching superheated steam desuperheating water mixing in direct-contact desuperheater 4 and lower the temperature.Desuperheating water pipeline 32 being furnished with spray desuperheating control valve 31, by regulating the aperture of spray desuperheating control valve 31 to control the quantity entering desuperheating water in direct-contact desuperheater 4, thus realizing the regulating and control of temperature.
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are the low temperature convection superheater tube bank schematic diagram that ladder is arranged, low temperature convection superheater 30 is made up of upper header 33, lower collecting box 35 and coiled pipe 34; The top of low temperature convection superheater is ladder-like arranged, from the first water-cooling wall partition wall 8 to the second stepped downward-sloping layout in water-cooling wall partition wall 28 direction; Coiled pipe 34 transverse pitch S3 are 60 ~ 150mm, longitudinal pitch S4 is 50 ~ 120mm.Low temperature convection superheater is met flue gas and is carried out flow path direction, step inclined is arranged, the high concentration material be conducive near secondary furnace 15 direction in subsidiary combustion chamber 14 flows through smoothly (because grain flow is through the centrifugal action of the inverted U passage between main chamber and secondary furnace, the material concentration near secondary furnace direction is high).
Fig. 4 is hyperthermia radiation superheater tube screen schematic diagram, and described often screen hyperthermia radiation superheater 6 is made up of inlet header 36, outlet header 37 and superheater tube 38.Every platform boiler can arrange multi-screen as required, arranges 3 screens in this example, and the spacing S1 of tube panel is 0.6 ~ 2.0m; Between superheater tube 38 pipe, pitch S2 is 1.25 ~ 1.50 with the ratio of caliber D1.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represents that the structural representation of the embodiment of one and two separator arranged by Horizontal type circulating fluid bed superheated steam boiler respectively.When boiler capacity is 3 ~ 10t/h, a separator should be arranged; When boiler capacity is 10 ~ 20t/h, should determine to arrange one or two separators according to actual conditions; When boiler capacity is greater than 20t/h, two separators should be arranged.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
Fuel is sent into from fuel apparatus for feeding 3, support that the air of burning is sent into from air distribution plate 1 after air preheater 22, fuel is successively in main combustion chamber emulsion zone 2, main combustion chamber dilute-phase zone 7, subsidiary combustion chamber 14 and secondary furnace 15 combustion, the flue gas carrying granule materials that burning produces is separated by separator 17, flue gas enters back-end ductwork 19 by separator and horizontal flue 18, flow through high-temperature economizer 20, low-level (stack-gas) economizer 21 and air preheater 22 successively, leave boiler through exhanst gas outlet 23.When granule materials in flue gas flows through the V-arrangement ash bucket 16 between subsidiary combustion chamber 14 and secondary furnace 15, due to inertial separation effect, some granule materials are separated and be deposited in V-arrangement ash bucket, the granule materials do not separated continues to flow into separator 17 along with flue gas, is separated further in separator 17.The granule materials that separator 17 separates flows into material returning device 25 along feed back passage 27, with flow into material returning device 25 endoparticle material from V-arrangement ash bucket 26 and converge, whole material is transmitted back to main combustion chamber emulsion zone 2 eventually through material returning device 25 through returning charge mouth 24, completes a Matter Transfer.By the granule materials circulation unburnt carbon granule of burning capable of circulation on the one hand, improve efficiency of combustion, can also improve the granule materials concentration of main combustion chamber, subsidiary combustion chamber on the other hand, higher building material concentration is conducive to improving the flue gas heat transfer coefficient being arranged in superheater in main combustion chamber and subsidiary combustion chamber.