CH713010B1 - Solar thermal collector, solar thermal collection method and application of this method. - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar thermal collector (10) for the roof of a building according to the invention is mounted under a roof (12) and comprises at least one circuit of ducts (13) for a heat transfer fluid (14) arranged to capture thermal energy produced directly or indirectly by solar radiation. The circuit of ducts (13) is in direct contact, over part of the surface of the ducts, with a layer of a preformed heat-conducting material (16) providing a network of cells (15) in which said ducts are arranged. (13), said layer of thermally conductive material (16) being deposited on the surface of a thick layer of insulating material (17) and with a circulating air space (20) located between the interior surface of the roof covering (12) and the upper surface of said layer of thermally conductive material (16). The invention also relates to a thermal solar collection method and an application of this method.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a thermal solar collector for the roof and/or facade of a building, comprising at least one continuous circuit of conduits containing a circulating heat transfer fluid and mounted under a roof and/or inside a wall of the facade of a building, said at least one conduit circuit being arranged to capture thermal energy produced directly or indirectly by solar radiation on said roof and/or inside said building with respect to said facade.

[0002] It also relates to a solar thermal collection method, carried out with said solar collector above.

Finally, it relates to an application of the thermal solar capture process carried out with said solar collector, the captured energy being transferred into an energy distribution network of the anergy type,

Prior technique

[0004] Many types of thermal solar collectors with circulation of heat transfer fluid are known, arranged to capture heat energy with a view to injecting it into a conventional heating circuit, often used to heat water in a swimming pool. . The objective of these sensors is usually the production of hot heat transfer fluid, that is to say having a temperature much higher than the ambient temperature or the temperature of the water in a swimming pool, to allow this temperature to be raised. , especially in the off-season, to extend the period of use of swimming pools in temperate regions.

[0005] Known sensors have the disadvantage of being too efficient during periods of high heat and inefficient during other periods. In addition, the known sensors are usually placed directly on the surface of a roof or a facade and are therefore exposed to all dangers, so that they must be protected, in particular against frost or shocks or against dirt which have the effect of considerably reducing the efficiency of the devices. As a result, their installation is costly, the risk of their holding is high and their effectiveness very uncertain. In addition, their installation is subject to strict regulations, which can go as far as a ban on installation depending on the site, for aesthetic or safety reasons, in particular in areas close to airfields, where a glazed surface reflective on roofs can be annoying or even dangerous for air, civil and/or military traffic.

[0006] Consequently, solar collectors intended to heat a heat transfer fluid, and placed directly on a constructed support, in particular a roof or a facade, cannot be maintained without protection and without safety means.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention proposes to overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above by producing solar energy collectors whose installation is economical, which require practically no authorization from the authorities of cities and towns. , because they are not apparent on the exterior surfaces of buildings. Their use can be practically extended throughout the year, because they are designed to work at low temperatures, as part of thermal energy capture, the latter being injected into an anergy network or to charge with thermal energy. , geothermal storage elements arranged to accumulate thermal energy in the ground or in suitable storage bins.

[0008] These objects are achieved by the thermal solar collector for the roof and/or facade of a building as defined in the preamble and characterized in that the said circuit of ducts is in contact with a layer of a preformed thermally conductive material a network of cells in which said circuit of ducts is arranged, said layer of thermally conductive material being deposited on the surface of a layer of insulating material, provided under said roof and/or inside said facade of said building

[0009]According to one embodiment, said circuit of ducts is partially in contact, via a part of the surface of the ducts, with a circulating air space which sweeps the free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material.

Alternatively, said conduit circuit is sandwiched between said layer of thermally conductive material and said layer of insulating material.

[0011] Said layer of insulating material is advantageously made with a rigid insulating material, in which are formed channels arranged to house said network of cells in which said conduits are arranged.

Said channels made in said layer of insulating material and said cells of said network of cells made in said layer of preformed thermally conductive material preferably have a depth at least equal to the radius of the cross section of said conduits.

According to a determined embodiment, said layer of circulating air is located between said free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material and the inner surface of said roof.

[0014] Said layer of circulating air can be located between said free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material and an interior partition of said facade.

[0015] Said layer of insulating material can also be applied directly to the interior wall of an exterior wall of said facade.

[0016] These objects are also achieved by the method defined in the preamble, characterized in that a circuit of ducts is placed in direct contact, on part of the surface of the ducts, with a layer of preformed thermally conductive material a network of cells in which said circuit of ducts is placed, in that said layer of thermally conductive material is deposited on the surface of a layer of insulating material formed under said roof and/or inside said building with respect to said facade, in such a way that said circuit of ducts is partially in contact, by a part of the surface of the ducts, with a layer of air which has been provided in front of the free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material, and in that a heat transfer fluid is circulated in said circuit of ducts so that it captures thermal energy transmitted by said layer of thermally conductive material and by said layer of air in contact with the surface of said ducts.

[0017] Advantageously, an air flow is generated in said layer of circulating air to increase the heat exchange between the air flow and the heat transfer fluid which circulates in the duct circuit.

[0018] These objects are further achieved by an application of the solar thermal capture method carried out with said solar thermal collector according to one of the claims according to the invention, this application consisting in capturing solar thermal energy and supply into an energy distribution network of the anergy type containing a network heat transfer fluid, in which the temperature of the network heat transfer fluid has a temperature substantially between 2 and 20°C and preferably between 9 and 15°C, in wherein the solar thermal capture takes place in at least one circuit of ducts through which a circuit heat transfer fluid passes and in which said circuit heat transfer fluid is coupled to said network heat transfer fluid, with a view to supplying said network heat transfer fluid, thermal energy, via a heat exchanger.

Preferably, said heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, in which the circuit heat transfer fluid and the network heat transfer fluid follow separate paths.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention and its main advantages will appear better in the description of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a partial view of a sloping roof sensor of a building , according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a view of a facade sensor of a building, according to the invention, this sensor being able to be alone or combined with a sloping roof sensor, and FIG. 3 is a view of a roof sensor for a flat roof of a building, according to the invention.

Best way(s) to carry out the invention

With reference to the figures, and in particular to Figure 1, the solar collector 10 shown is a roof solar collector, intended to capture thermal energy initially produced by the radiation of the sun on the cover 11 of the roof 12. It is understood that the covering of the roof can be made in different ways: it can be made of natural or artificial tiles, sheet metal or any other material, in particular translucent tiles, which make it possible to increase the radiation producing heat on the sensors and increase their efficiency. The solar collector 10 comprises a continuous circuit of ducts 13, arranged to convey a heat transfer fluid 14 and which are preformed in parallel rectilinear sections connected two by two. The conduits 13 of the continuous circuit are advantageously polyethylene tubes of circular section which are deposited in a network of cells 15 preformed in a layer of a thermally conductive material 16. Said cells 15 have dimensions equivalent to those of the conduits 13, of so that the network of cells 15 can accommodate and house the continuous circuit of conduits 13. The diameter of the conduits 13 is such that the conduits are forcibly engaged in the cells 15 and are held in position. The layer of thermally conductive material 16 is arranged on the upper surface of a thick layer of insulating material 17 resting on an interior support 18 of the roof 12, this interior support 18 being for example made of paneling or the like. The thick layer of insulating material 17 is preferably made of a relatively rigid material so that its surface can be preformed and include channels 19 arranged to receive said network of cells 15 in which said ducts 13 are arranged.

Between the upper surface of the layer of insulating material 17 and the lower surface of the cover 11 of the roof 12 is formed a circulating air space 20 which sweeps the free surface of the ducts 13 emerging from the cells 15 preformed in said layer of thermally conductive material 16. The thermal energy which heats the surface of the roof 12 by radiation, is transmitted by convection to the air of said circulating air space 20 and to the layer of thermally conductive material 16, to ultimately heat the heat transfer fluid 14 which circulates in the conduits 13. Moreover, part of the heat captured by the roof can be communicated by radiation to the layer of thermally conductive material 16 and transmitted, through the walls of the conduits 13, to the heat transfer fluid 14.

The objective of the process is to capture the maximum quantity of thermal energy and to transmit it to the heat transfer fluid 14 with a view to sending it to an urban network for the distribution of this calorific energy via a low-temperature network, called anergy network. The economic interest is linked to the fact that the manufacture and installation of these sensors is extremely cheap, since they are hidden from the outside of the building, which avoids any obligation to protect them from attacks, in particular meteorological, from the outside or any precaution of the environmental type. Even if the amount of thermal energy is relatively small, compared to a direct exposure solar panel, these 10 solar collectors have the advantage of operating almost all year round and of continuously contributing to supplying the anergy network with thermal energy. regularly at low cost.

[0024] Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of a solar collector 30 according to the invention, which is a facade sensor whose purpose is to convert solar radiation into thermal energy usable by an anergy type network, with specific advantages similar to those described above. The solar collector 30 is intended to capture thermal energy initially produced by the radiation of the sun on the surface of the facade 31. It comprises, as previously, a continuous circuit of conduits 13, arranged to convey a heat transfer fluid 14, and which are preformed in parallel rectilinear sections connected two by two. The conduits 13 of the continuous circuit are advantageously polyethylene tubes of circular section which are deposited in a network of cells 15 preformed in a layer of a thermally conductive material 16. Said cells 15 have dimensions equivalent to those of the conduits 13, of so that the network of cells 15 can accommodate and house the continuous circuit of conduits 13. The diameter of the conduits 13 is such that the conduits are forcibly engaged in the cells 15 and are held in position. The layer of thermally conductive material 16 is arranged on the inner surface of a thick layer of insulating material 17 resting against the inner surface of the facade 31. The thick layer of insulating material 17 is preferably made of a relatively rigid material, of such that its surface can be preformed and include channels 19 arranged to receive said network of cells 15 in which said ducts 13 are arranged.

The facade 31 further comprises an inner partition 32 which is disposed at a certain distance from the inner surface of the layer of thermally conductive material 16 by providing a circulating air space 20 between the layer of thermally conductive material 16 and the partition interior 32.

[0026] Figure 3 illustrates a solar collector 40 specifically intended for use with a flat roof 12a which comprises a sheet 41a of a waterproof material, disposed on the surface of the roof, a thick layer of an insulating material 17 rigid which is placed on the upper surface of a support 41b, for example of corrugated iron. The solar collector 40 is composed of a continuous circuit of ducts 13, arranged to convey a heat transfer fluid 14. The ducts 13 of the continuous circuit of ducts are advantageously polyethylene tubes of circular section which are deposited in a network of cells. 15 preformed in a layer of a thermally conductive material 16. Said cells 15 have dimensions equivalent to those of the conduits 13, so that the network of cells 15 can accommodate and house the continuous circuit of conduits 13. The layer of thermally conductive material 16 is arranged on the upper surface of the thick layer of insulating material 17.

In this embodiment, no circulating air space is provided between the thermally conductive material 16 and the thick layer of insulating material 17, the conduits 13 being placed directly under the sheet 41a of sealed material.

[0028] Various variants could be imagined by those skilled in the art, as regards the production of the solar collectors and their arrangement. In particular, the variants intended for the roof of FIGS. 1 and 3 and the variant intended for the facade of FIG. 2 could be combined.

Claims (12)

1. Solar collector (10, 30, 40) thermal roof (12, 12a) and / or facade (31) of a building, comprising at least one continuous circuit of conduits (13) containing a heat transfer fluid (14) circulating, and mounted under a roof and/or inside a wall of the facade of a building, said at least one circuit of ducts (13) being arranged to capture thermal energy produced directly or indirectly by solar radiation on said roof and/or on said facade of said construction, characterized in that said at least one circuit of ducts (13) is in contact with a surface of a preformed heat-conducting material (16) providing a network of cells ( 15) in which said conduit circuit (13) is arranged, said layer of thermally conductive material (16) being deposited on the surface of a thick layer of insulating material (17), provided under said roof and/or at the interior of said facade of said building. 2. Solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said circuit of ducts (13) is partially in contact, by a part of the surface of the ducts, with a circulating air space (20) which sweeps the free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material (16). 3. Solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said conduit circuit (13) is sandwiched between said layer of thermally conductive material (16) and said thick layer of insulating material (17). 4. Solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said thick layer of insulating material (17) is made with a rigid insulating material, in which are formed channels (19) arranged to receive said network of cells (15 ) in which said at least one conduit circuit (13) is arranged. 5. Thermal solar collector according to claim 4, characterized in that said channels (19) made in said thick layer of insulating material (17) and said cells (15) of said network of cells made in said layer of thermally conductive material (16 ) preformed have a depth at least equal to the radius of the cross section of said ducts (13). 6. Solar thermal collector according to claim 2, characterized in that said layer of circulating air (20) is located between said free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material (16) and the inner surface of said roof (12, 12a) . 7. Solar thermal collector according to claim 2 characterized in that said circulating air layer (20) is located between said free surface of said layer of thermally conductive material (16) and an interior partition (32) of said facade (31) . 8. Solar thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that said thick layer of insulating material (17) is arranged directly applied to the inner wall of an outer wall of said facade (31). 9. A method of solar thermal collection carried out with a solar thermal collector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a circuit of conduits (13) is placed in direct contact, on a part of the surface ducts, with a preformed layer of thermally conductive material (16) providing a network of cells (15) in which said circuit of ducts (13) is placed, in that said layer of thermally conductive material (16) is deposited the surface of a thick layer of insulating material (17) arranged under said roof and/or inside said building with respect to said facade, such that said circuit of ducts (13) is partially in contact, by a part of the surface of the ducts, with a layer of circulating air (20) which has been provided in front of the free surface of the said layer of thermally conductive material, and in that a heat transfer fluid is circulated in said conduit circuit to capture thermal energy mic transmitted by said layer of thermally conductive material and by said layer of air in contact with the surface of said ducts. 10. Thermal capture method according to claim 9, characterized in that an air flow is generated in said layer of circulating air (20) to increase the heat exchange between said air flow and said heat transfer fluid. which circulates in said conduit circuit. 11. Application of the solar thermal collection method according to claim 9 or 10 in an energy distribution network of the anergy type, the solar thermal energy being collected with a solar thermal collector according to one of claims 1 to 8, the energy distribution network of the anergy type containing a network heat transfer fluid, in which the temperature of the network heat transfer fluid has a temperature between 2 and 20°C and preferably between 9 and 15°C, in which the thermal capture solar takes place in at least one circuit of ducts (13) through which a circuit heat transfer fluid (14) passes and in which said circuit heat transfer fluid is coupled to said network heat transfer fluid, with a view to supplying said network heat transfer fluid , thermal energy, via a heat exchanger. 12. Application according to claim 11, in which said heat exchanger is a plate exchanger, in which the heat transfer fluid (14) of the circuit and the network heat transfer fluid follow separate paths.