CH707053A1 - Kit for forming a supporting structure. - Google Patents

Abstract

The kit for forming a supporting structure comprises columns (1), each having a core body (2) and at least one jacket, which in the assembled state surrounds the core body (2) at a distance. At least one connecting part (20) is provided, which comprises connecting ends for connecting two columns (1). The connecting part (20) has connecting surfaces on the periphery for connecting bars.

Description

The invention relates to a kit for forming a supporting structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

For the formation of supporting structures in the form of skeletons or buildings in general, columns that run vertically, and beams are used, which extend transversely thereto.

Various patents with the same inventor as in the present application are already known for this field of application: From AT 405 067 B, a kit is known, which supports in the form of I-profiles, beams and lockable in the manner of lock and key connection plates for fixing the beams has. From AT 405 661 B a supporting structure is known, which is composed of space cells with two penetrating floor frames. These are connected to each other at the periphery via a closed frame which is polygonal or round. From AT 502 604 B1, a composite support serving as a pillar is known, which has a steel support as the core body and a jacket in the form of a steel casing. The space between the steel girder and the enclosure is filled with a filler such as concrete. At least one connecting element, which extends between the steel girder and the casing, is fastened to the steel girder. The enclosure has an opening in the region of the connecting element for fastening a beam. A similar arrangement is known from AT 502 603 B1, in which, however, the connecting element does not extend to the steel girder, but ends in the space between the steel girder and the cladding.

Next are known from the prior art, serving as a support columns: DB 10 004 768 A1 discloses columns which have a solid core as core body, a concrete jacket and a steel pipe jacket. Two pillars, arranged one above the other in adjacent storeys, are coupled together by connecting the solid cores together through the ceiling. In this construction, no beams are provided. In DB 19712 235 Al a support, also called "Geilinger support" is described, which has a core body made of steel and a steel jacket. As a core body non-normalized solid profiles are used. This complicates a simple interpretation of the support to the given conditions. In particular, the static calculations are relatively expensive. A steel frame with cross struts ("steel mushroom"), which is arranged at the end of a column, is used to join a ceiling. In this construction, no beams are provided. There are also no special measures provided to connect two superimposed columns together. Furthermore, in the manufacture of the support, it is difficult to precisely position the core body within the tubular steel shell at the desired position. Overall, the use of Geilinger columns is particularly problematic in the construction of multi-storey buildings: Without special precautions there is a risk that the supports do not come to lie exactly on top of each other and therefore the core body or the steel shells do not act in alignment. A lateral offset is, however, from a static point of view absolutely to avoid, otherwise the whole construction loses stability. There are also known relatively simple columns, which are made of spun concrete. For the production of such supports, the concrete is brought into rotationally symmetrical shapes in which the reinforcement is arranged, and then compacted by rotation. This results in reinforced concrete hollow bodies. There are no special measures provided to connect such supports with each other or with beams.

In order to build a stable support structure of columns and beams, especially the joints are designed so that the most optimal power line takes place. With regard to this aspect, the constructions mentioned here require improvement.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a kit that allows the formation of a particularly stable support structure.

This object is achieved by the kit according to claim 1. The further claims specify preferred embodiments of the kit according to the invention, a supporting structure produced with a kit according to the invention, a building with at least one such supporting structure and / or with at least one mounted kit according to the invention and a method for creating a skeleton or a building by means of at least one inventive kit.

According to claim 1, a connecting part is provided, the connecting ends comprises for connecting two columns and having on the periphery connecting surfaces for connecting bars. This makes it possible to create "frictional and rigid" connections between columns and beams extending transversely thereto, ie. H. Compounds that have an effective power line and are able to absorb moments.

The inventive kit is u. a. suitable to build stable structures and therefore particularly advantageous for use in earthquake-prone areas or for the construction of acoustically isolated buildings in which mechanical waves, the z. B. due to structure-borne noise or impact sound are produced, are largely reducible.

Preferably, normalized profiles can be used as core body, which simplifies the design of the column to the given conditions and in particular the static calculations. Another advantage over the use of non-normalized profiles is that immediate deployment is possible without additional regulatory approvals being required.

If at least one additional inner jacket is preferably arranged between the core body and the jacket of a column, then there are various free spaces which can be filled with different materials. This makes it possible in particular to design the properties of the column for the given static and dynamic loads, in order to be able to effectively damp vibrations in particular. The column can be designed so that one or more inner shells can be easily mounted between the core body and the outer sheath.

Preferably, the jacket comprises two half-shells, which facilitates the manufacture, transport and assembly. Thus, in particular in the production of the core body can be precisely mounted with respect to the mantle, so that in the construction superimposed columns are precisely aligned and core body and coats act in alignment.

Further specific design features and their advantages are apparent from the following description and drawings of exemplary embodiments.

Show it

[0014] <Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> parts of a kit according to the invention in an exploded view; <Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> the parts according to Figure 2 in a partially assembled state. <Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> a pillar ring element of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 4 shows a connector ring element of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> a connecting part of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view from below; <Tb> FIG. 6 <SEP> the connecting part cut in the plane VI-VI of FIG. 5; <Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> the connecting part according to FIG. 5 in a perspective view from above; <Tb> FIG. 8 shows a final part of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 9 <SEP> the end part cut in the plane IX-IX according to FIG. 8; <Tb> FIG. 10 <SEP> a filling part of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 11 <SEP> a column of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 12 <SEP> the column according to FIG. 11 with bars, but without core body; <Tb> FIG. 13 <SEP> a beam with connecting plates of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 14 shows a connection surface of the connection part according to FIG. 5 and the beam and the connection plate according to FIG. 13 in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 15 <SEP> a variant of the arrangement according to FIG. 14; <Tb> FIG. 16 <SEP> a supporting structure formed from parts of the kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 17 <SEP> a variant of the column in a plan view; <Tb> FIG. 18 <SEP> another variant of a column in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 19 <SEP> another variant of the column in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 20 <SEP> the column according to FIG. 10 in the assembled state; <Tb> FIG. 21 <SEP> an anchoring part of a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. FIG. 22 shows a variant of a connecting part in a perspective view; FIG. <Tb> FIG. 23 <SEP> parts of the further variant of the kit according to the invention in an exploded view; <Tb> FIG. 24 <SEP> the variant of the arrangement according to FIG. 23 with ring elements; <Tb> FIG. 25 <SEP> another variant of a column in a plan view; <Tb> FIG. 26 <SEP> the variant according to FIG. 25 without column ring element; <Tb> FIG. 27 <SEP> another variant of a column in a plan view; <Tb> FIG. FIG. 28 shows another variant of a column in a perspective view, with only a part being shown; FIG. <Tb> FIG. 29 <SEP> the column according to FIG 28 in a partial longitudinal section after filling the gaps; <Tb> FIG. 30 <SEP> the connection of two, only partially shown profiles by means of a connecting body in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 31 <SEP> the first half of a further variant of a connecting part in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 32 <SEP> the second half of the further variant of a connecting part in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 33 <SEP> the halves according to FIGS. 31 and 32 in the assembled state; <Tb> FIG. 34 <SEP> the connecting part according to FIG. 33 with beams attached thereto in a plan view; <Tb> FIG. 35 <SEP> the connecting part according to FIG. 34 in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 36 <SEP> the parts according to FIG. 35 in combination with columns, which are only partially shown; <Tb> FIG. 37 <SEP> a room cell formed from a kit according to the invention in a perspective view; <Tb> FIG. 38 <SEP> the room cell of Figure 37 in a schematic representation without central support. and <Tb> FIG. 39 <SEP> a variant of a room cell formed from a kit according to the invention.

If a part described below as «firmly connected» with another part or as «attached» to this part, so that all types of connections are covered, which are suitable for immovable attachment of the two parts together, z. As bonding, welding, riveting, screwing, etc. and also combinations thereof, for. B. rivets and screws. Preferably, such a fixed connection is designed so that the parts are non-positively and rigidly connected to each other.

The kit shown in Fig. 1 for forming a support structure comprises columns 1, the end by means of ring members 30, 40 are connected to a connecting part 20.

A column 1 has a core body 2 and a jacket 3, which runs around in the assembled state around the core body 2 and is spaced therefrom (see also Fig. 2). The one end 2a of the core body 2 protrudes beyond the end of the shell 3, so that it can protrude into a receiving opening 21 in the connection part 20.

In the assembled state, a respective pillar ring member 30 extends around the jacket 3 and is connected to this z, B. by screwing.

The connector ring members 40 are end of the connecting part 20 can be arranged and with this z. B. connectable by screwing.

The ring elements 30, 40 include flanges z. B. are connected to each other by screwing, so as to secure the columns 1 on the connecting part 20.

Fig. 2 shows the situation in which the pillar ring members 30 are fixed to the pillar 1 and the connector ring members 40 on the connecting part 20. This connecting part 20 has at the bottom a projection 20a (see also Fig. 5), which in the an end 2b of the core body 2 can be inserted.

Fig. 3 shows the pillar ring member 30 which includes an annular wall 31 which projects from a flange 32. The annular wall 31 and the flange 32 are provided with through holes 33, 34, through which screw ends can be passed to fix the annular wall 31 on a column 1 and the flange 32 on the connector ring member 40.

If the annular wall 31, as shown here, formed circular, so additional positioning means 35 may be provided, which allow the rotational position of the pillar ring member 30 with respect to the column 1 to be determined so that during installation, the passage openings 33 in the Column 1 formed mounting holes 4 come to rest (see Fig .. 11). The positioning means here have a projection 35 which protrudes inwardly from the inside of the annular wall 31 and can be introduced into a recess 5 in the casing 3 of the column 1 (see Fig. 11, where the recesses 5 are indicated by dashed lines).

The connector ring member 40 of FIG. 4 is similar to the pillar ring member 30 and includes an annular wall 41 with through holes 43 for attachment to the connecting part 20, a flange 42 with through holes 44 for attachment to the pillar ring member 30 and positioning means 45 for fixing the Rotary position with respect to the connecting part 20. The positioning means 45 here have a projection 45 which protrudes from the inside of the annular wall 41 inwardly and in a (not shown) groove in the connecting part 20 can be inserted.

Fig. 5 to 7 show the connecting part 20, which has a passage opening 21 with different inner diameter. In the FIG. 6 upper end of the connecting part 20, the one end 2 a of the core body 2 of the column 1 can be inserted. The upper end of the passage opening 21 is adapted to the corresponding shape of this end 2a of the core body 2 and here has a first cylindrical inner surface 21a, to which via a shoulder a second cylindrical inner surface 21b connects with a smaller diameter. 6, the lower end 20a of the connecting part 20, which protrudes, can be inserted into the other end 2b of the core body 2 of the column 1 and is adapted to the shape of this end 2b. Here, the end 20a of the connecting part 20 has a shoulder 20b on the outside. The dimensions of the inner surfaces 21a, 21b and the end 20a may be selected so that core bodies 2 can be connected, which have different dimensions and / or shapes. The connecting part 20 then acts as a translator of different dimensions and / or shapes of the core body 2 to be joined.

Outside of the connecting part 20 mounting holes 23 are arranged, on which in the assembled state, the through holes 43 of the connector ring members 40 come to rest, so that the ends of screws through the through holes 43 into the mounting holes 23 are inserted. These are z. B. provided with threads to tighten the screws can.

The connecting part 20 has outside connecting surfaces 25 for connecting bars 50 (see Fig. 13).

Fig. 8 and 9 show a termination part 60, which serves as a conclusion at the upper end of a column 1. The closure part 60 is formed closed and comprises an inwardly offset insertion end 60 a, which is insertable into the core body 2 of the column 1.

10 shows a filling part 65, which serves as a funnel for filling a column 1 and has an inner region 65a and an outer region 65b extending around it. Depending on which intermediate space in the column 1 is to be filled, either - as shown here - the inner region 65a is open and the outer region 65b is closed or the inner region 65a is closed and the outer region 65b is open.

Fig. 11 shows a column 1 with a jacket, which is composed here of two half-shells 3a, 3b. This multi-part design of the shell has the advantage that production, transport and installation of the column 1 are facilitated.

The column 1 has at least one spacer 6a, which on the core body 2 and on the jacket, z. B. is attached to the half-shell 3a and thus hold the core body 2 in its position with respect to the jacket. On the core body 2 intermediate elements 6b are fixed, which extend from the outside of the core body 2 to the inside of the shell 3a, 3b. Those intermediate elements 6b, the end of the one half shell, z. B. abut, can be firmly connected to this, while the other intermediate elements 6 b in the assembled state only on the other half shell, z. B. 3b, rest. After the assembly of the connector ring elements 30, there is also a frictional connection between the intermediate elements 6b and the half shell 3b. In order to facilitate any filling of the column 1 with filling material and to prevent any air cells, the intermediate elements 6b may be round and / or tapered.

In Fig. 11, the mounting holes 4 and the outside of the shell 3 arranged depressions 5 are indicated, in which the ends of the screws or the projections 45 come to rest in the attachment of the connector ring members 30 on the jacket 3a, 3b. The mounting holes 4 are z. B. provided with threads to tighten the screws can.

In the embodiment shown here, the core body 2 is formed in the form of a tube which protrudes at the one end 2a over the end of the shell 3a, 3b, to be able to plug it into a connecting part 20. The end 2a here is smaller in outer diameter than the rest of the tube 2. In the other end 2b of the tube 2, the end 20a of the connecting part 20 can be inserted.

Between the core body 2 and the jacket 3 rods 8 may be arranged. These are shown in Fig. 12 together with the sheath 3a, 3b. The rods 8 extend in the longitudinal direction of the core body 2 and / or transversely thereto and are fastened to fastening points 8a on the inside of the jacket 3a, 3b. Number and course of the rods 8a and the locations of the attachment points 8a are adapted depending on the application of the column 1. The rods 8 are made of common materials, eg. As steel, aluminum, in particular reinforced aluminum, plastic, in particular reinforced plastic, etc.

By the prior attachment of the rods 8 on the casing 3, the static behavior of the column 1 is better predefined, since the rods 8 can be included in the calculations in which the column 1 is designed for a particular application. Also, the transport is facilitated because no excess of rods 8 is to be transported.

In the assembled state results between the core body 2 and the jacket 3, a free space, which is filled if necessary with a filling material. Depending on the intended use, the selected filling material has properties that are anchoring, damping, insulating, sound-insulating, etc. The filler material can be filled when filling z. B. in flowable or pourable form and include the following components: - Concrete or other hardenable mass, z. Plastic, - elastic plastic (eg elastomers), - Sand, - pebble, - earth, etc.

Optionally, the materials are to be pretreated, in particular in the case of sand, earth, etc. (for example by drying and / or cleaning), so that they are suitable for permanent use.

If rods 8 are provided, they act as a reinforcement when attaching a curable composition in the space between the core body 2 and the shell 3. In damping materials in the free space, for. As sand, the rods 8 also act as damping elements: These channel energy waves that arise, for example, in vibrations (eg due to an earthquake), and thus define their direction of propagation through the filler.

In the present embodiment, the core body 2 is hollow, so that it can also be filled with filler of choice.

By providing filler, the column 1 special properties can be imparted, so that they z. B. forms a particularly stable anchoring, any vibrations and / or internal waves reduced or even absorbed, sound-absorbing and / or insulating effect, static forces better redirects or dissipates, etc.

As mentioned above, bars 50 can be fastened to the connecting part 20. Fig. 13 shows an example of a beam 50 in the form of an I-profile. At the respective end of the beam 50 head thrust plates 51 (hereinafter also called "connection plates") can be fastened.

Fig. 14 shows the connection surface 25 of the connecting part 20, which here opposite a round, convex-shaped inner surface is arranged, which comes to lie on the circular peripheral surface of the connecting part 20. The connection surface 25 is here provided with mounting holes 26 which merge into threads formed in the connection part 20 in order to tighten screws. Corresponding to the mounting holes 26, the connection plate 51 has passage openings 52, through which the screw ends can be passed in order to secure the connection plate 51 and thus the beam 40 non-positively and rigidly on the connection surface 25 of the connecting part 10 can. As explained above, other types of connection for forming a solid connection between the connection surface 25 and connection plate 51 are conceivable as welding, gluing, riveting, etc., and also combinations thereof, for. B. rivets and screws.

Instead of the mounting holes 26 or in addition thereto, also dowel pins may be provided which protrude from the connection surface 25 and protrude after assembly through the through holes 52 of the connection plate 51. The dowel pins are threaded at the ends, so that z. B. nuts can be attached. It is also conceivable to design the ends of the dowel pins so that they can be deformed to form a rivet connection to rivet heads.

In the example according to FIG. 14, the connection plate 51 is fastened to the end face of the I-profile 50. Fig. 15 shows a variant in which on the connection plate 51, two spaced-apart holding elements 55 are fixed, between which come to lie in the assembly, the middle part of the I-profile 50. The holding elements 55 each have a passage opening 55a. As indicated by the dashed lines 50a in FIG. 15, the middle part of the I-profile 50 also has a through-hole 50a which, after assembly, is aligned with the through-holes 55a so that a bolt is passed through the through-holes 55a and 50a to attach the beam 50 to the terminal plate 51.

Thus, the parts 1, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are useful as a kit for forming a support structure, they are made of a material which is suitable for the corresponding application and which z. B. may be the following: metal, especially steel or aluminum, plastic, wood, etc. If the column 1 at least partially made of electrically conductive material, in particular metal, so it can also be used for grounding. If core body 2 and jacket 3 are made of metal, then by providing an electrically conductive material for the spacers 6a in FIG. 11, differences in the electrical charges can be compensated.

Core body 2 and shell 3 assume a supporting function here. Depending on the application, a structural engineer can design the column so that the force distribution on the core body 2 and jacket 3 takes place in the desired ratio.

Of course, outside of the jacket 3 more elements may be arranged, the z. B. should only fulfill a decorative purpose and therefore need not be designed to be load-bearing (see, the variants in Fig. 25 to 29}.

16 shows, by way of example, a part of a support structure comprising columns 1, connecting parts 20, ring elements 30, 40, beams 50 and end part 60.

Set the shell 3 of the column 1 - as explained above - from half shells together, they are firmly connected to each other during assembly and each end a column ring member 30 is mounted so that it acts as a pressure and fixing ring, the additional Cohesion of the shell 3 causes. Next, the respective pillar ring member 30 serves to fix the column 1 on the connecting part 20th

The connector ring element 40 is fixed on the element 30 with the jacket 3, which here forms the outermost surface of the column 1. Even in the case where the column 1 has one or more inner shells (see reference numeral 9a in Fig. 25 and 9a, 9b in Fig. 28), the connector ring member 40 is designed so that it can be fixed to the outer jacket 3.

When joining the columns 1, the individual parts are connected to each other both horizontally and vertically non-positively and rigidly. In this case, the horizontal connection between the core body 2 and jacket 3 via the elements 6a, 6b, while on the elements 30, 40, the vertical connection between the outermost coats 3 comes about.

The lowest column 1 according to FIG. 16 is anchored to the ground B by means of an anchoring part 70. For this project grub screws 71, which z. B. are mounted in a pile driven into the ground and to which the anchoring part 70 can be fastened by means of nuts. The two lower columns 1 are connected to each other directly by means of the column ring members 30. The lower end 2a of the core body 2 (not visible in FIG. 16) in the second lowest column 1 engages directly into the upper end 2b of the core body 2 (not visible in FIG. 16) in the lowermost column 1.

The three upper columns 1 according to FIG. 16 are in each case firmly connected to one another via a connecting part 20. The beams 50, which are each attached to a connecting part 20, define a ceiling plane E1 or E2, which is indicated in FIG. 16 by dashed lines. The ends of the beams 50 which are free in this FIG. 16 can be connected to further beams 50 and / or further connecting parts 20.

To form a ceiling or floor in the plane E1 or E2, it is conceivable to attach flat prefabricated elements to the beam 50. It is also conceivable to provide cladding or the like, and to apply concrete or the like to fill the space between the beams 50. By providing the connecting parts 20 for attaching the beams 50, a projectile can be provided in which the connections between the columns 1 are accommodated directly in the ceiling or in the ground.

Core body 2, shell 3, ring elements 30, 40 and connecting part 20 and end part 60 are shown here by way of example in each case with a circular cross-section. Of course, these parts can also be designed differently, for example so that the cross section has a different round shape, for. B. an elliptical, or a polygonal shape, for. B. a rectangular. Fig. 17 shows an example with a core body 2 and a shell 3, each having a square cross-section.

Fig. 18 shows an embodiment in which, in contrast to the example according to FIG. 11 and 12 rods 8 are not attached to the shell 3, but within the tube 2, as indicated by the dashed lines 8. The tube 2 is filled after mounting the column with material. It is also conceivable, in addition or alternatively, for example, according to FIG. 18 to arrange bars 8 between tube 2 and jacket 3 and to fasten them to the outer surface of the tube 2. These different variants, in which the rods 8 are attached to the core body 2, z. B. then used when an attachment to the jacket 3 is not an option, eg. B. when plastic is used for the jacket 3, so that welding of metal rods 8 is not possible.

As far as the core body 2 has been shown in the form of a hollow body. Of course, embodiments are conceivable in which the core body 2 is partially or completely solid. In addition to hollow sections and box sections are as core 2 u. a. Rolled profiles, in particular I and T profiles conceivable. Various materials are suitable for the manufacture of the core body 2, for example: steel, light alloys, aluminum, reinforced aluminum, plastic, reinforced plastic such. As glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, etc.

Fig. 19 shows an embodiment with a rolled section 12 as the core body, which is designed here as an I-profile. Similar to the core body 2 according to FIG. 11, spacers 6a and intermediate elements 6b are fastened to the I-profile 12.

In order to be able to connect the end of the column to an anchoring part 75 (compare Fig. 21) and / or connecting part 80 (cf., Fig. 22), the profile 12 protrudes beyond the end of the shell 3 at each end.

The shell 3 is composed here, as in the example according to FIG. 11, of two half shells, which are joined together during assembly, cf. Fig. 20, and then surrounded by column ring members 30 as shown in FIG.

Fig. 21 shows an anchoring part 75 with a central body having a recess 76 which corresponds to the shape of the profile 12. The central body is surrounded by a spaced annular wall 77 and a flange 78 for attachment.

Fig. 22 shows a connecting part 80 with a central body 81, in which on both sides in each case a recess 82 is incorporated, which corresponds to the shape of the profile 12.

The respective recess 82 thus terminates in the central body 81 to form a stop surface for the end of the profile 12.

Similar to the connecting part 20 according to FIG. 7, the connecting part 80 has, on the outside, connection surfaces 85 for connecting bars 50.

In the variant according to FIG. 22, ring elements 40 are likewise attached to the connecting part 80 for connection to the ring elements 30.

Fig. 23 shows an example of an arrangement with two columns of shell 3 and profile 12, which are connectable in the middle by means of a connecting part 80. The lowermost column 3, 12 can be fastened by means of the anchoring part 75 to pins 71 protruding from the bottom B. The uppermost column can be closed with a closing part 60, which has a recess (not visible in FIG. 23) for receiving the end of the profile 12.

Fig. 24 shows an arrangement similar to the example according to FIG. 23, wherein here also the ring elements 30, 40 are shown, by means of which the columns 3, 12 are connectable to the end with the adjacent parts. In this arrangement, the anchoring part 75 and the lowermost column 3, 12 are anchored in the ground.

The exemplary embodiments of the column illustrated so far each have a jacket 3 as a cladding of the core body 2, 12. Of course, it is conceivable to provide one or more hollow profiles in the form of tubular sheaths as a jacket in between.

25 to 27 show embodiments in which the core body in the shape of the tube 2 and the I-profile 12 are surrounded by an inner shell 9a and the outer shell 3. Flexible intermediate parts 7 serve to fasten the core body 2, 12 to the inner casing 9a and the inner casing 9a to the outer casing 3. The intermediate parts 7 may contain connection plates, the z. B. each formed in the shape of the plate 51 in Fig. 14 and fixed to the jacket 9 a and 3, for. B. by screwing.

Rods 8 are also indicated in FIGS. 25 to 27, which can optionally be provided and are fastened to the jacket 9a and / or 3.

Depending on the application, the gap between jacket 9a and 3 and / or the space between the core body 2 and jacket 9a is used as a channel for lines, as described for. B. be installed in buildings in the form of water, sewage and / or power lines.

For filling the gaps, a funnel in the manner of the filling part 65 according to FIG. 10 can be used. The inner region 65a and the outer region 65b of the filling part 65 are designed so that the intermediate space between the sheath 9a and 3 and / or the space between the core body 2 and the sheath 9a are accessible for filling.

Correspondingly, a closure part in the manner of the closure part 60 according to FIG. 9 can be used to completely or partially cover the column.

Depending on the application, the outer shell 3 may be non-load-bearing, if he z. B. is used only for decorative purposes.

Of course, it is also possible to combine the columns according to FIGS. 25 to 27 with other columns. For example, can be used for the lower floors of a building columns according to FIGS. B. to form the foundation, and for projectiles above column without additional inner jacket, as shown in Fig. 1. Suitably designed connecting parts in the manner of the connecting part according to FIG. 5 or FIG. 22 make it possible to connect superimposed columns of different dimensions with one another. For example, the connecting part is formed in a tapered shape, so that in the column according to FIG. 25, the intermediate space between the sheaths 3 and 9a is covered at the top and can be connected to the sheath 3 of the overlying column, which, for. B. is designed as shown in Fig. L.

The use of columns 1 in the manner according to FIGS. 25 to 27 makes it possible to meet the static requirements of designing one or more areas of a supporting structure or of a building in a particularly viable manner. This is z. B. in the case of the case, the stairwell, in the establishment of a helipad, as he z. B. is provided at the top of hospitals, and in the provision of rooms in which bank safes or other heavy objects can be placed. If several room cells are constructed, as explained below with reference to FIGS. 37 to 39, it may also be expedient to provide a single, particularly load-bearing column in the manner according to FIGS. 25 to 27 instead of two adjacent columns.

Figs. 28 and 29 show an embodiment in which between the core body 12 and outer shell 3, two inner shells 9a and 9b are arranged. The parts 12, 9 a, 9 b, and 3 are fixedly connected to each other by means of intermediate parts 7. They are thus non-positively connected to each other by means of a rigid construction, wherein the vertical connection by means of the parts 80 and 97 as shown in FIG. 22 and 30 takes place.

If the outer shell 3 is used only for decorative purposes, it does not necessarily have to be designed to be load-bearing. Of course, outside the jacket 3 decorative elements can be attached.

The spaces between the parts 12, 9a, 9b and 3 are filled with a filling material 10a, 10b, 10c, as shown in Fig. 29 can be seen. As explained above, depending on the application, a suitable filling material is selected. In Fig. 29, two variants are indicated for the choice of material for the filling material 10c, wherein the hatched part of 10c z. Concrete or other hardenable mass and the dotted portion of 10c indicate a damping and / or insulating material. Of course, the various interstices may be filled with different materials or even left empty, thereby providing a variety of possibilities to interpret the properties of the column for the given static and dynamic loads.

The respective part 12, 9a, 9b, 3 may optionally be provided with a protective layer in order to avoid exposure to, for example, aggressive and / or corrosive materials.

Depending on the purpose for the parts 12, 9a, 9b, 3 to choose a material with good thermal conductivity, so that energy waves occurring due to the resistance of the material are converted into heat and so dampened. For such heat development, it may, for. B. come due to vibrational energies that arise at earthquakes.

The column according to FIG. 29 can be connected by other columns of the same type in the vertical, by inserting a connecting body 97 as shown in FIG. The connecting body 97 has on two opposite sides recesses 97a and 97b, which correspond to the shape of the core body 12. In the present example, the recesses 97a, 97b are I-shaped, so that the here I-shaped profiles 12 can be inserted. As indicated by the double arrow 98, the two recesses 97a, 97b end in the connecting body 97, so that a filled intermediate space results in the formation of abutment surfaces for the core body 12.

The connecting body 97 is embedded in a connecting part in the manner of the connecting part 80 according to FIG. 22, which is designed such that the inner jackets 9a, 9b protrude or rest and the outer jacket 3 rests and can be connected to the connecting part by means of a ring element 30.

The kits shown so far are in addition to the construction of permanent support structures and structures also suitable to provide temporarily created buildings, as z. B. in disaster areas in the form of emergency shelters are used.

The individual parts of the kit are designed so that they are detachably connectable to each other, so that after the end of a simple disassembly is possible. So z. B. in the column 1 according to FIG. 11, a possible welding of the elements 6a, 6b to one of the half-shells 3a, 3b omitted. For holding the half-shells 3a, 3b, it is conceivable to use metal bands, straps and the like instead of the ring elements 30. If the interspaces of the columns 1 are to be filled with a material, then closure parts are provided in order to close off the bottom of the respectively lowest column 1. The parts of the kit are preferably made of lightweight materials (hard plastic, light alloys, eg reinforced aluminum, etc.).

For anchoring and securing the columns resting on the ground can be provided with pointed ends which are rammed into the ground. For additional stabilization also tensioning cables can be provided, which go off to the side and are anchored to the ground.

In order to facilitate production, transport and / or subsequent dismantling, the connecting part for connecting two columns is designed in several parts. FIGS. 31 to 35 show an embodiment of a connecting part 90, which is composed of two halves 90a, 90b.

The respective half 90a, 90b has a recess 91 and a connecting piece 92, which protrudes from the recess 91 and which is formed here as an I-profile. The connecting piece 92 is fixed by means of intermediate parts 93 on the inside of the half 90a, 90b (see Fig. 34). On the outside of the respective half 90a, 90b, a connection surface portion 95a or 95b is arranged. After the halves 90a and 90b have been assembled, two connection surface sections 95a and 95b form connection surfaces 95 to which beams 50 can be connected. After the beams 50 have been attached to the connection surfaces 95, for example by screwing on, the two halves 90a, 90b are firmly held together (see Fig. 35).

The connecting part 90 is connectable to columns by z. B. ring elements 30, 40 are used, see. Fig. 36. As a result, the coats 3 of the superposed columns are connected to each other. For joining the core body of the column with the connecting piece 92 of the connecting part 90 of the connecting body 97 can be used, as can be seen in Fig. 30.

The multipart connecting part 90 is particularly suitable for z. B. to disassemble a created support structure again.

The kits shown here are particularly advantageous for the design, transportation and assembly. Due to the parallel or coaxial arrangement of the profiles, the static calculations are particularly simple. Commercially available, in particular standardized components or components (eg profiles) can also be used and connected. The columns can be arranged very precisely on top of each other so that stability is guaranteed even for multi-storey buildings, especially skyscrapers.

The kits can be used in many ways to a support structure, for. B. in the form of a skeleton or building to build.

Fig. 37 shows an example of the use of the kit for the construction of a supporting structure in the form of a prismatic space cell. This is two-storey here and has two support frames 101 and 102, which penetrate each other. The support frame 101 is formed of pillars 101a, 101b which are oriented vertically and which are connected across beams 50 and thus horizontally. In an analogous manner, the support frame 102 is formed of supports 102a, 102b connected by beams 50 extending transversely thereto. The support frames 101 and 102 are connected by a cross frame 103 of beams 50 arranged between the ends of the support frames 101 and 102.

The supports 101a, 101b, 102a, 102b are each formed of two columns, as described previously, for. B. according to FIG. 29. The crossing points (nodes), at which columns and beams meet, are formed by connecting parts in the manner of the connecting parts 20, 80 and / or 90. These allow a frictional and rigid bond between columns and beams, so that the supporting structure is particularly stable overall.

By arranging further space cells according to FIG. 37, structures of any size can be created. If columns are used with rectangular cross section, such. B. shown in Fig. 17, so there are particularly large contact surfaces available where the columns of adjacent space cells abut each other. As a result, a particularly high stability can be achieved.

The design of the columns has the advantage that for a given cross-section a greater load capacity than usual can be achieved or vice versa for given carrying capacity values, columns with a smaller cross section than usual can be used.

In the example according to FIG. 37, a further support 104, which is connected to the supports 101a, 101b, 102a, 102b via bars 50, is arranged in the center of the room cell. The two columns which form the central support 104 may also be omitted, as can be seen from the schematic Fig. 38. Also, the cross frame 103 for connecting the support frames 101, 102 may be designed differently than shown in Fig. 37. Fig. 39 shows an example in which the sides of the cross frame 103 between the columns are straight. The transverse frame 103, 103 may also have other polygonal shapes or round shapes, where they may be concave or convex.

Further possibilities for the formation of the spatial cell are illustrated in the patent AT 4 056 61 B of the same inventor.

Structures of several space cells are in a simple manner with standardized components of different materials, which may also be composite structures, buildable, such as wood, plastic, metal or various types of steel profiles and light alloys, such as aluminum or reinforced hollow sections, which subsequently, for example with concrete, are fillable.

Support structures constructed from the space cells described herein have inherent stability that acts both vertically and horizontally in a load bearing manner. The other elements that are attached to the wall, floor or ceiling of a room cell, therefore, do not necessarily have a supporting function. They can therefore be made of particularly lightweight materials. So it is z. B. conceivable to use a resilient material such as fabric, tarpaulins or the like as an outer wall.

Further, it is conceivable to use thermally and acoustically insulating elements, which usually have no supporting function. Overall, there are economic benefits due to a simplified production, transport and installation.

The create by the kit support structure is suitable for the creation of different structures, for example, have the following forms: multi-storey buildings, especially skyscrapers, scaffolding for roads, multi-storey streets, viaducts, bridges, slope bridges, crossings, overpasses, especially pedestrian crossings, Etc.

The structures can be built in a particularly stable manner. If forces act on the structure, the supporting structure can effectively redirect and divert it. The supporting structure is u. a. able to absorb external vibrations and / or internal waves such that they are reduced, minimized or even absorbed, in particular by using heat-conducting materials. Such vibrations and internal waves are z. B. caused by wind forces, sound and / or vibration of the soil (road traffic, earthquakes, etc.).

In particular for earthquake-prone areas earthquake-proof structures can be created by means of the kit. These can either be intended for permanent use or even for a temporary, for. B. after an earthquake quickly earthquake-resistant buildings and remove if necessary to be able to remove. As explained above, the interior of the columns can be provided with filler material to give the structure particularly good stability. Transportation is particularly easy when the kit is transported to the earthquake area and material that is available there, such as sand, gravel, earth, etc., is used as filler material.

The kits shown here make it possible to create stable supporting structures even with a smaller cross-section of the columns or to achieve greater carrying capacity with constant cross-section. It is thus a construction possible, which is easier than usual and which is therefore more economical to manufacture and in transport and construction.

Further advantages of the kits and the supporting structures and structures produced therefrom are as follows: - given a variety of uses, Simple design, in particular of the columns in the static calculations, - Possibility to use standardized components, - reduced construction time and thus reduction in the construction costs, - Possibility to use any ceilings with reduced thickness and reduced foundations, - Enlargement of the usable space due to the reduced cross section of the components - Possibility to prefabricate the kit largely in series.

The kit comes out with a few different parts, which are easily manufactured and precisely manufactured. In the interaction of the parts - similar to a clockwork - can be created in a particularly economical way manifold supporting structures and structures.

Numerous modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims. Thus, various profiles can be used as core bodies, such as hollow profiles, in particular those with a round or polygonal cross section, and solid profiles, in particular rolled profiles such as I or T profiles. Cost-effective designs can be achieved by using profiles as core bodies that have standardized dimensions.

Claims (19)

1. A kit for forming a supporting structure, with columns (1), each having a core body (2, 2, 12) and at least one jacket (3, 3, 9a, 9b) in the mounted state, the core body in a Characterized by at least one connecting part (20; 80; 90) which has connecting ends (20a, 21a) for connecting two columns (1), wherein the connecting part has connecting surfaces (25; 85; 95) at the circumference for connecting bars (50). 2. A kit according to claim 1, wherein the jacket (3; 3; 9a, 9b) of at least one of the columns (1) comprises two half-shells (3a, 3b). 3. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, with column ring elements (30) which in the assembled state surround the casing (3; 3; 9a, 9b), wherein preferably the respective column ring element (30) comprises a flange (32) for connection to the connecting part (25; 85; 95). A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising connector ring members (40) each comprising a flange (42) for connection to a column (1), preferably wherein the respective connector ring member (40) is mountable on the connection member (20; 80; 90) is. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting ends (20a, 21a) of the connecting part (20; 80; 90) and the column ends (2a, 2b) of the columns (1) are designed in such a way that when assembled one ends (2a, 20a) protrude into the other ends (21a, 2b). 6. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core body (2; 21; 12) projects beyond the end of the jacket (3; 9a, 9b) at at least one end (2a). 7. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the connecting ends of the connecting part (20; 80) has a recess (21; 82) into which a core body end (2a) of the core body (2; 2; 12) can be inserted, wherein preferably the shape of the recess (21; 82) substantially corresponds to the shape of the core body end (2a). 8. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the two connecting ends of the connecting part (80) each having a recess (82) into which a core body end of the core body (12) can be inserted, wherein preferably the recesses (82) in the connecting part (80) ends to form abutment surfaces for the core body ends. 9. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the connecting ends of the connecting part (20; 90) has a projection (20a; 92), which for insertion into a column (1) can be inserted. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising bars (8) extending longitudinally of the core body (2; 2; 12) and / or transversely thereto, the bars (8) being fixed to the shell (3; 3; 9a , 9b) and / or on the core body (2, 2, 12) are attached. 11. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the columns of the jacket is an outer jacket (3, 3) and the at least one column at least one inner jacket (9a, 9b) between the core body (2, 12) and the outer jacket (3) and preferably coaxially to this is arranged. 12. Kit according to claim 11, wherein the at least one column connecting means (7; 9b), which outer shell (3) and inner shell (9a) and inner shell (9a) and core body (2; 12) firmly connect with each other. 13. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting part (90) comprises two composable halves (90a, 90b), each having a portion (95a, 95b) of a connection surface (95). 14. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the core body (2, 2, 12) is a hollow or solid body and preferably as a tube with a round (2) or polygonal (2) cross section or as a solid body with a round or polygonal cross section , in particular I-profile (12) or T-profile is formed. 15. Kit according to one of the preceding claims, which serves in particular for the formation of an emergency shelter, wherein the respective column (1) parts (2, 2, 3, 3, 9a, 9b, 12), which connectable to each other by means of releasable connection and the connecting part (20; 80; 90) can be connected by means of detachable connection to two columns (1), wherein preferably the interior space of a respective column (1) is accessible to fill it with material for damping mechanical waves. 16. Support structure, which is manufactured with a kit according to one of the preceding claims, with at least two closed floor frames (101, 102) of columns (1), beams (50) and connecting parts (20; 80; 90), wherein the floor frames ( 101, 102) penetrate each other and are connected to each other at the periphery by a closed frame (103), wherein preferably the points where the two floor frames (101, 102) penetrate through a column (1) and (10) Connecting parts (20; 80; 90) are interconnected. 17. Building, in particular building or bridge, in which at least one kit according to one of claims 1 to 15 is mounted and / or which comprises at least one support structure according to claim 16. 18. A building according to claim 17, wherein in at least one of the columns (1) the space between the shell (3; 3; 3; 9a, 9b) and core body (2; 2; 12) is filled with material, which preferably at least one of the following materials: concrete or other hardened mass, plastic, in particular elastic plastic, sand, pebble, earth. 19. A method of creating a skeleton or structure by means of at least one kit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in which method data is generated for laying out the dimensions of the kit and / or at least one kit is mounted.