CH689175GA3 - Increasing the wet lubricity of textile material and wet lubricants for it. - Google Patents

Description

When treating textile fabrics in strand form, essentially pretreating, dyeing, optically brightening or aftertreating, in aqueous liquor under such conditions that wrinkles can occur in the textile substrate or friction between the substrate and adjacent substrate or parts of the apparatus can occur, these are undesirable phenomena Marking of the running folds and the creation and marking of chafing points, which then, as corresponding unevenness, impair the appearance of the goods and possibly also the physical properties of the treated goods and consequently the finished goods. In order to counteract these disruptive phenomena, wet lubricants are used in the corresponding process steps, which reduce the tendency to form or stabilize and consequently mark wrinkles, especially running creases, and reduce the substrate / substrate and substrate / metal friction and consequently the tendency to form and reduce the marking of chafe marks. A disturbing phenomenon when using wet lubricants is, however, their sensitivity to high electrolyte contents of the liquors and / or to more or less pronounced temperature fluctuations or also in particular to high shear forces, which can occur in some treatment apparatus (in particular nozzle dyeing apparatus).

It has now been found that certain aqueous wax oxidate dispersions, as defined below as (D), meet the abovementioned requirements surprisingly well and are outstandingly suitable as wet lubricants.

The invention relates to the method for increasing the wet lubricity when treating textile fabrics, especially in strand form, (in particular pretreatment, dyeing, optically brightening and / and aftertreatment) in aqueous liquor and the corresponding wet lubricants therefor.

A first object of the invention is therefore a method for treating textile fabrics with a textile treatment agent (T), in aqueous liquor, under conditions that would otherwise promote the formation of creases in the textile substrate or the occurrence of friction in or on the substrate, which is characterized in that, in addition to the textile treatment agent (T), a wet lubricant is used which is an aqueous dispersion (D) of a wax (W) dispersed in the aqueous phase with the aid of a dispersant (B), with (D)

the wax (W) (A) is an oxidized hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of oxidized hydrocarbon waxes which has an acid number> / = 5,

and the disperser (B) is a non-ionic, anionic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture of two or more such surfactants, which has an HLB> / = 7,

and the dispersion (D) optionally contains at least one protective colloid (C), but is essentially free from waxes other than (A) and (P) and from other surfactants than (B) and (C).

Generally known waxes can be used as waxes (A). The oxidized hydrocarbon waxes (A) are generally carboxy-containing, oxidized and optionally partially saponified hydrocarbon waxes and generally include any synthetic and / or mineral waxes that still have a wax structure in the oxidized form, in particular oxidized micro waxes or oxidized polyolefin waxes (mainly polyethylene waxes) or waxes which are optionally synthesized directly in oxidized form, especially Fischer-Tropsch waxes, and also their oxidation waxes, it being possible for the oxidized waxes mentioned, especially the oxidized polyolefin waxes and the Fischer-Tropsch waxes, to be partially saponified. Among the waxes mentioned, the oxidized and optionally partially saponified micro waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes and polyethylene waxes are preferred. Such waxes are generally known and can be characterized by customary parameters such as needle penetration (e.g. according to ASTM-D 1321 or -D 5), the solidification point, the dropping point, the density, the acid number and / or, if necessary, the saponification number. Among the waxes (A) mentioned, those are preferred whose needle penetration is </ = 20 dmm, or is advantageously in the range from 0.1 to 15 dmm, and whose acid number is in the range from 5 to 70, advantageously 8 to 45, in particular 8 up to 40. The density of the waxes (A) is advantageously in the range from 0.90 to 1.02, preferably 0.91 to 0.99, in particular 0.92 to 0.97. Among the waxes mentioned, the oxidized polyethylene waxes, primarily oxidized low-pressure polyethylenes, are particularly preferred, especially those with a needle penetration in the range from 1 to 9 dmm.

The entire wax (W) consists essentially only of (A).

The acid number of (W) is advantageously> / = 7, preferably> / = 8. The acid number of (W) is primarily in the range from 5 to 70, advantageously 7 to 42, preferably 8 to 35.

The following are primarily suitable as surfactants (B):

(B1) a non-ionic surfactant or a mixture of non-ionic surfactants, with HLB> / = 7,

(B2) an anion-active surfactant, which is a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid or a sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid partial ester or a salt thereof, or a mixture of such anion-active surfactants, with HLB> / = 7, or (B4) an amphoteric surfactant, which is an amino or ammonium group-containing carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid or an amino or ammonium group-containing sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid partial ester, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of such amphoteric surfactants with HLB> / = 7,

or mixtures of two or more of the surfactants (B1) to (B4), in particular a mixture of at least one surfactant (B1) with at least one surfactant (B2) or (B4).

Generally known compounds are suitable as surfactants (B1), essentially those with an emulsifier or dispersant character. Numerous emulsifiers or dispersants with a non-ionic character are known in the art and are also described in the specialist literature, e.g. in M.J. SCHICK "Non-ionic Surfactants" (Volume 1 of the "Surfactant Seience Series", Marcel DEKKER Inc., New York, 1967). Suitable non-ionic dispersants (B1) are primarily oxyalkylation products of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid mono- or dialkanolamides (where "alkanol" especially stands for "ethanol" or "isopropanol") or fatty acid partial esters of tri- to hexafunctional aliphatic polyols or even more Interoxyalkylation products of fatty acid esters (for example of natural triglycerides), C2-4-alkylene oxides and optionally styrene oxide being suitable as oxyalkylating agents and preferably at least 50% of the oxyethylene units introduced are oxethylene units; at least 80% of the oxyalkylene units introduced are advantageously oxyethylene units; all oxalkylene units introduced are particularly preferably oxethylene units. The starting products for the addition of the oxalkylene units (fatty acids, fatty acid mono- or dialkanolamides, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters or fatty acid polyol partial esters) can be any customary products used for the production of such surfactants, especially those with 9 to 24, preferably 11 to 22 , particularly preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms in the fat residue. The fatty residues can be unsaturated or, preferably, saturated, branched or, preferably, linear; the following fatty acids may be mentioned, for example: lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid and technical fatty acids, e.g. Tallow fatty acid, coconut fatty acid, technical acid, tall oil fatty acid and technical soybean oleic acid, and their hydrogenation and / or distillation products; as fatty acid mono- or dialkanolamides, for example, the mono- or diethanol or isopropanolamides of the acids mentioned can be mentioned; The derivatives of the respective fatty acids mentioned and synthetic alcohols (e.g. tetramethylnonanol) can be mentioned as fatty alcohols. Partial esters of the polyols mentioned include, for example, the mono- or difatty acid esters of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol or sorbitan, in particular the sorbitan mono- or di-oleates or stearates. Of the products mentioned, the alkoxylated fatty alcohols are preferred, especially the oxyethylation products of saturated, linear fatty alcohols, in particular those of the following average formula

wherein R is an aliphatic, saturated, linear hydrocarbon radical having 11 to 22 carbon atoms and n mean 5 to 16, or mixtures of such surfactants.

The HLB value of the surfactants (B1) is advantageously in the range from 8 to 15, preferably in the range from 10 to 14. Of the compounds of the formula (I), particularly those in which R has 13 to 22 carbon atoms, especially 16 to 22 Contains carbon atoms, preferred.

Acids known per se and having a surfactant character are generally suitable as anion-active surfactants (B2), such as those per se as dispersants, e.g. as emulsifiers or detergents, usually used. Such surfactant anionic compounds are known in the art and are extensively described in the specialist literature, e.g. in "Surfactant Science Series", Volume 7 ("Anionic Surfactants"). Particularly suitable are those anionic surfactants which contain a lipophilic radical (in particular the radical of a fatty acid or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of a fatty alcohol) containing, for example, 8 to 24 carbon atoms, advantageously 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and are aliphatic or araliphatic can be and wherein the aliphatic radicals can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. The lipophilic radicals are preferably purely aliphatic, in particular as described above for the non-ionic surfactants. The carboxylic or sulphonic acid group can be bound directly to the hydrocarbon radical (in particular as a fatty acid, e.g. in the form of soaps or as an alkanesulphonic acid) or via a bridge interrupted by at least one heteroatom, which is preferably aliphatic. The introduction of carboxy groups can e.g. by carboxyalkylation of hydroxyl groups or monoesterification of a hydroxyl group with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, e.g. in such a molecule as mentioned above as a starting product for the oxalkylation to non-ionic surfactants or also of oxalkylation products thereof, whereby oxiranes can be used for the oxalkylation, primarily ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide and optionally styrene oxide, and preferably at least 50 mol% the oxirane used is ethylene oxide; for example, these are addition products of 1 to 12 moles of oxirane with 1 mole of hydroxy compounds, particularly as mentioned above as starting material for the oxyalkylation. Haloalkanecarboxylic acids are mainly used for the carboxyalkylation, advantageously those in which the haloalkyl radical contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, halogen is primarily chlorine or bromine and the acid group can optionally be in salt form. A carboxy group can e.g. can also be introduced by monoesterification of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. by reacting a hydroxy compound with a cyclic anhydride, e.g. with phthalic anhydride or an aliphatic anhydride with 2 or 3 carbon atoms between the two carboxy groups, e.g. Succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride or glutaric anhydride. Analogously, by esterification e.g. phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid partial ester groups can also be introduced. The sulfonic acids are essentially sulfonation products of paraffins (e.g. produced by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation), of alpha-olefins and of unsaturated fatty acids. The anion-active surfactants are advantageously used in the form of salts, hydrophilizing cations preferably being used for salt formation, in particular alkali metal cations (lithium, sodium, potassium) or ammonium cations [e.g. unsubstituted ammonium, mono-, di- or tri- (C1-2-alkyl) -ammonium or mono-, di- or tri- (C2-3-hydroxyalkyl) -ammonium or morpholinium] or also alkaline earth metal cations (eg calcium or magnesium ). Of the anionic surfactants (B2) mentioned, preference is given to the ester group-free, especially soaps, especially amine soaps, and the carboxymethylation products of oxethylated fatty alcohols and the sulfonic acids, preferably in salt form as mentioned above, especially as alkali metal salts.

Compounds known per se can be used as cation-active surfactants (B3) for the preparation of (B4), primarily fatty amines, fatty aminoalkylamines and amidation products of alkylenediamines or polyalkylenepolyamines with a fatty acid radical, or acylation products of alkanolamines or alkanolaminoalkylamines, and their oxalkylation products and / or quaternization products. The fat residues in (B3) are e.g. as described above for (B1). The alkylene bridges between two nitrogen atoms in the alkylenediamines, polyalkylenepolyamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines are advantageously those with 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms; the alkanol groups in the alkanolamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines are advantageously those having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Preferred alkylenediamines, polyalkylenepolyamines, alkanolamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines are ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethylene-propylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, monoethanolamine and 3- (beta-hydroxyethylamino). For the oxyalkylation, ethylene oxide is preferably added, e.g. 2 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amino compound, or per mole of residual fat. For quaternization, the quaternizable amino groups are at least partially reacted with appropriate quaternizing agents, in particular with those which are suitable for introducing C1-4-alkyl or benzyl, preferably methyl or ethyl; the counterion in question is most simply such as is introduced by the quaternization reaction, e.g. Methosulphate, ethosulphate or a halide ion, e.g. Chloride or bromide. The non-quaternized surfactants (B3) can be present as free bases or as salts, e.g. as salts of low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g. with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid or citric acid) or strong mineral acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid). Among those mentioned, oxethylated and optionally quaternized fatty amines, fatty aminopropyl amines and fatty acid N, N-dimethylaminopropyl amides are particularly preferred.

As amphoteric surfactants (B4) are also known compounds, especially those obtainable by introducing at least one anionic group into a surfactant of the type (B3) containing a reactive hydroxyl or amino group [e.g. by carboxyalkylation of amino groups, by esterification of hydroxyl groups to introduce sulfato or phosphato groups, by monoacylation of amino or hydroxyl groups with cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides analogous to that described above for (B2), by sulfomethylation of amino groups, e.g. by reaction with formaldehyde and sodium bisulphite or by reaction of an amino group with the adduct of sodium bisulphite with epichlorohydrin] or even amphoteric compounds of the betaine type.

The surfactants (B) are preferably free from easily saponifiable groups, in particular from ester groups.

Of the surfactants (B1), (B2) and (B4), the surfactants (B2) and especially (B1) are preferred.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, (B) consists exclusively of (B1).

The weight ratio of (B) to (W) [i.e. for (A) is expediently chosen so that an aqueous dispersion of (W) can result, and is advantageously in the range from 10 to 50, preferably 12 to 40, in particular 15 to 35, parts by weight of (B) per 100 parts by weight of (W) .

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a protective colloid (C) is used in addition to (B). Any products known per se as such can be used as protective colloids, preferably non-ionic compounds, in particular polysaccharides chemically modified to increase the hydrophilicity [e.g. hydroxy- (C1-4-alkyl) or / and carboxymethyl- and optionally methyl-modified polysaccharides] or hydrophilic vinyl polymers (e.g. polyvinyl alcohols or polyvinylpyrrolidones) or even oxyethylation products of higher aliphatic alcohols. The HLB of the protective colloids, especially the non-ionic ones, is advantageously> 15, preferably> / = 16.5, especially in the range from 16.5 to 19.

Preferred protective colloids (C) are oxethylation products of aliphatic fatty alcohols or synthetic alcohols, e.g. of those as described above as a starting material for the preparation of (B1). Particularly preferred protective colloids correspond to the average formula

wherein R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 11 to 18 carbon atoms and m mean 24 to 100, and can be present as individual compounds or as mixtures of such compounds.

Preferably m in the formula (II) is 30 to 60, in particular 35 to 50.

If a protective colloid (C) is used, then per 100 parts by weight (W) e.g. 2.5 to 30, advantageously 5 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 7.5 to 25 parts by weight of protective colloid (C) are used. Since protective colloids of the type of formula (II) described above can tend to foam relatively strongly in an aqueous medium, depending on the degree of oxethylation, it is, however, preferred to use the smallest possible amounts thereof, in particular less than 18 parts by weight thereof (mainly 2.5 to 15 parts by weight thereof) per 100 parts by weight (W). The use of (C) is particularly preferred when (B) is used (B1).

The dispersions to be used according to the invention can be prepared in a very simple manner, e.g. by stirring the melted wax (W) with (B) and diluting with water (e.g. by stirring in). Any remaining components can be added before or after dilution with water. Very fine, stable dispersions containing (W) and (B) can be obtained, with the addition of (C) also being able to favorably influence the electrolyte resistance of (D).

The aqueous dispersions (D) to be used according to the invention are expediently formulated with such a solids content that they can be stirrable and pourable and can have a thick to thin consistency. The content of (W) [i.e. (A) in (D) can vary in a corresponding suitable range and is advantageously in the range from 3 to 35, preferably 5 to 25,% by weight of (W) based on (D). The pH of the aqueous dispersions (D) can be in the clearly acidic to clearly basic range, primarily in the pH range from 4 to 12, and is advantageously chosen in accordance with the surfactant system (B). For (B1) the pH is advantageously in the range from pH 6.5 to pH 11, preferably in the range from pH 7.5 to pH 10.5; for (B2) the pH is advantageously in the range from pH 7.5 to pH 12, preferably in the range from pH 8 to pH 11. Suitable additives (E), in particular bases (E1) or, can be used to adjust the pH Acids (E2). Water-soluble alkalis (e.g. alkali metal hydroxides), ammonia or low molecular weight aliphatic, optionally cyclic amines [e.g. Mono-, di- or tri- (C2-3-hydroxyalkyl) -amine or morpholine) are used which, when using (B2), can optionally also serve to form salts of the corresponding free acids (B2). As acids (E2) e.g. those mentioned above for the protonation of non-quaternary surfactants (B3) are used.

The dispersions (D) to be used according to the invention can optionally also contain at least one antifreeze (F).

As antifreeze (F) products known per se come into consideration, in particular non-ionic, mainly low molecular weight amides (e.g. acetamide or urea) and aliphatic oligohydroxy compounds (e.g. with 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 10, especially 4 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g. Glycerine and / or mono- or oligo- (C2-4-alkylene) -glycols] or their mono- (C1-4-alkyl) ethers.

If (F) is used, its proportion in (D) can vary within a wide range. The weight ratio of (F) to (D) is advantageously in the range from 0.5 to 15 parts by weight (F) per 100 parts by weight (D), preferably in the range from 1 to 10 parts by weight (F) per 100 parts by weight (D).

The dispersions (D) to be used according to the invention can optionally also contain at least one preservative additive (G), which is expediently a biocide.

Fungicides and bactericides in particular come into consideration as (G), e.g. Commercial products that can be used in the recommended concentrations.

The dispersions (D) obtainable as described above are very finely divided; e.g. Dispersions (D) are prepared in which the particle size of the dispersed particles is in the range from 0.01 to 10 μm, preferably from 0.05 to 1 μm. The dispersions (D) can, as they have been produced, be handled and transported directly; in particular, very storage-stable and fine dispersions (D) are available, including those that are very frost-resistant and heat-resistant.

The dispersions (D) to be used according to the invention are advantageously essentially free from components other than (A), (B), (C), (E), (F), (G) and water, in particular free from silicone compounds.

The dispersions (D) described above are used as wet lubricants, i.e. As an aid when treating with (T) (e.g. pretreatment, dyeing, optical brightening or aftertreatment) of textile fabrics under conditions under which wrinkles can otherwise occur or friction can occur in or on the substrate, the dispersions to be used according to the invention (D ) serve to prevent the stabilization and marking of the wrinkles that develop in the course of the treatment and to prevent harmful friction. Such processes are essentially exhaust processes from short liquor (liquor / substrate weight ratio, for example in the range from 3: 1 to 40: 1, mostly 4: 1 to 20: 1) under the usual treatment conditions and times (eg in the range of 20 minutes to 3 hours).

The dispersions (D) can be washed out from the undried substrate (e.g. by rinsing or by soaking and, if necessary, rinsing) and are washed out at the end of the process.

The treatment agents (T) are generally textile chemicals which are removed again from the substrate after the respective treatment of the substrate, for the part which is not fixed on the substrate, e.g. by washing and / or rinsing.

The following subgroups can be considered as (T):

(T1) pre-treatment agents (mainly wetting agents, alkalis, detergents, bleaches), (T2) main treatment agents (mainly wetting agents, dyes, coloring auxiliaries, optical brighteners), (T3) Post-treatment agents (mainly fixing agents for dyeings, detergents, stripping agents, alkalis),

the respective treatments being carried out in an aqueous medium.

Processes in which creases can arise in the textile substrate are essentially those in which the wet substrate tends to fold itself through the action and possibly interference of various forces. The wrinkles that arise in such processes can in themselves lead to the marking of the kinks due to stabilization in the course of the treatment process, which can lead to the disadvantages mentioned at the beginning. In such processes, the dispersions (D) serve as anti-wrinkle agents, u.zw. insofar as they promote or enable sliding of the wet fabric or wet folds and can thus prevent harmful stabilization of the running folds. Treatment methods that cause crease are primarily treatments on a reel (especially in a reel vat) or especially in jet-dyeing machines, in which the substrate is passed over the reel or through the nozzle in each cycle, at which point the Wrinkling and / or the forces acting on the wrinkles, which can lead to the stabilization of the wrinkles, are strongest.

Processes in which friction can take place in or on the textile substrate are essentially those in which the wet substrate rubs against parts of the apparatus or adjacent parts of the substrate due to high running speed, guidance through nozzles and / or changing the running direction and / or speed . The chafe marks that arise in such processes can lead to marking of the same in the course of the treatment process and to impairment of the physical properties of the substrate. In such processes, the dispersions (D) serve as wet lubricants insofar as they promote or enable the wet material to slide (especially on adjacent material or on metal) and can thus prevent harmful friction of the substrate. Treatment methods that cause chafing are primarily treatments in jet-dyeing machines, in which the substrate is passed through the nozzle in each cycle, at which point the relative acceleration and / or the forces acting on the substrate are strongest, and where the substrate is dragged from its own position in the liquor to the nozzle in each cycle, so that the substrate-to-substrate acceleration or substrate-to-metal acceleration can cause friction in places, which can lead to the aforementioned chafing points .

Suitable substrates for the process according to the invention and for the wet lubricants according to the invention are generally any substrates as can be used in the processes mentioned, in particular those which contain optionally modified cellulose fibers, e.g. Cotton, linen, jute, hemp, ramier and modified cotton (e.g. viscose rayon or cellulose acetate) as well as fiber mixtures containing cotton (e.g. cotton / polyester, cotton / polyacrylic, cotton / polyamide or cotton / polyamide / polyurethane). The textile substrate can be used in any form that can be treated in the processes mentioned, e.g. as tubular goods, as open textile webs or as semi-finished goods, essentially in strand form, as is suitable for reels or jets; Both knitwear and fabrics can be used (e.g. fine to coarse simple knitwear or interlock, fine to coarse fabrics, terry fabrics, velvet and openwork or / and machine-embroidered textiles).

The wet lubricants (D) according to the invention are expediently used in concentrations such that in the respective process there is an effective prevention of the marking of wrinkles and the formation of chafing marks. They are characterized by their effectiveness and abundance and can have a very high effect in very low concentrations; They are advantageously used in concentrations which are 0.01 to 2 g (W) per liter of liquor, primarily 0.02 to 1.5 g (W) per liter of liquor, preferably 0.03 to 1 g (W) per liter Liquor, particularly preferably 0.04 to 0.5 g (W) per liter of liquor.

Since the wet lubricants (D) according to the invention are also characterized by their great independence from temperature fluctuations and are largely resistant to electrolytes, they can also be used in a very wide range of treatment conditions, such as those used in technology for treatment with textile chemicals (T), in particular for pretreatment with (T1), for coloring or optical brightening with (T2) and for post-treatment with (T3), e.g. with (T1) during decoction (e.g. when filling), during desizing or bleaching, with (T2) during dyeing or optical brightening or also with (T3) during post-treatment, in particular with cationic fixing agents to improve the dyeing fastness (especially the wet fastness), but especially when dyeing. Any dyes or optical brighteners (T2) suitable for the respective substrate and process and for the desired effect can be used for the coloring or optical brightening. Any appropriate dyestuff can be used for dyeing cellulosic substrates, e.g. Reactive dyes, direct dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes or basic dyes, it being possible to use corresponding additional dyes, in particular disperse dyes, for dyeing substrates made from fiber mixtures, in particular from cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers. The processes can run through any temperature ranges as they are required for the respective substrate and the treatment agent used, as well as due to the apparatus and the desired purpose, e.g. from room temperature (e.g. at the start of dyeing) to HT conditions (e.g. in the range from 102 to 140 ° C, in the closed apparatus). The electrolyte content of the liquor can also be as it is usually used for the respective process, e.g. according to the respective concentrations of alkali metal compounds used for boiling, bleaching or desizing, or the alkali metal salt (e.g. common salt or sodium sulfate) concentrations or / and alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate concentrations, as used when dyeing with the dyes mentioned , be it as a blending component in commercially available dye preparations and / or as a mounting aid for dyeing or optical brightening, or as alkalis that are used when dyeing with sulfur dyes, vat dyes or reactive dyes.

Post-treatment agents (T3) to increase the fastness of the dyeings are generally known polycationic products of high charge density, primarily aliphatic condensation products of dicyandiamide or epichlorohydrin with an aliphatic mono- or polyamine or of epichlorohydrin and ammonia, which may be in protonated form . For such aftertreatments it is advantageous to use those dispersions (D) in which (B) consists of (B1), while for pretreatment, coloring and lightening, preferably in (D), the dispersing system (B) consists of (B1) and / or (B2) . (B) particularly preferably consists exclusively of (B1).

The dispersions (D) are particularly advantageously used as wet lubricants during dyeing, preferably in nozzle dyeing machines, particularly preferably for dyeing cellulose-containing substrates.

Due to the great resistance to temperature fluctuations and high electrolyte concentrations, the wet lubricants (D) according to the invention can be used under the conditions mentioned and can be used to their best advantage without their effect being impaired. The wet lubricants (D), especially those which only consist of (A), (B) and optionally (C), (E), (F) and / or (G) in aqueous dispersion, are special because of the high shear force stability Also suitable as a wet lubricant in nozzle dyeing machines, especially in those in which the goods or the liquor are exposed to extremely high dynamic loads or in which very high shear forces are developed in the liquor.

By using the wet lubricants (D) according to the invention, e.g. Optimally pretreated, optically brightened, colored and / or aftertreated materials are obtained in which the effect of the respective treatment agent (pretreatment agent, dye, optical brightener or aftertreatment agent) is not impaired and the product image is optimal.

The effectiveness of the preparations (D) can be determined by measuring the coefficient of friction e.g. can be determined as follows: A first piece of fabric is stretched against the inner floor of a low, flat tub, fastened to one end with a clamp and covered with a quantity of liquor that corresponds to the liquor ratios customary in practice; a 200 g weight with a smooth, flat, rectangular bottom, on which a second piece of the same material is stretched and fastened, is placed horizontally on top. Now the placed weight (= "carriage") covered with the second piece of fabric is pulled in the longitudinal direction of the tub and the first stretched piece of fabric (= "track") until it starts moving and until it reaches a constant speed, and the tensile force is determined which is required to set the "carriage" on the "path", starting from the end fixed with the clamp, in motion horizontally and to move horizontally in the direction of pull at constant speed. In this way, both the static friction and the kinetic friction and thus both the static friction coefficient and the kinetic friction coefficient can be determined.

N0 denotes the normal force (ie the weight of the "carriage" on the "track"), ZS the horizontal tensile force that is required to set the "carriage" in motion on the "track", and ZK the horizontal tensile force, which is required to keep the "carriage" moving at constant speed on the "path", the static coefficient of friction mu S can be given by the following formula

and the kinetic friction coefficient mu K by the following formula

be expressed.

By using (D) not only mu K but also mu S can be brought to very low values.

In the following examples, the parts are parts by weight and the percent are percentages by weight; the temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. In the application examples, the dyes are used in commercially available form with an active substance content of approx. 25%; the stated concentrations relate to this form. C.I. stands for Color Index. The sodium sulphate is used as Glauber's salt and the quantities given refer to the Glauber's salt.

The following waxes, dispersants and protective colloids are used: <TABLE> Columns = 6 Head Col 1: Wax Head Col 2: Type Head Col 3: Needle penetration (ASTM D-1321 or D-5) Head Col 4: dropping point Head Col 5: acid number Head Col 6: density (A1) polyethylene, oxidized 5 dmm 103 DEG C 25 <CEL AL = L> 0.96 <CEL AL = L> (A2) polyethylene, oxidized 2 dmm 106 DEG C 15 0.94 (A3) <CEL AL = L> polyethylene, oxidized 4 dmm 104 DEG C 16 0.94 (A4) polyethylene, oxidized 7 dmm 100 DEG C 16 0.92 (A5) micro wax, oxidized 2 dmm <CEL AL = L> 98 DEG C 13 - </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 2 dispersants (B11) stearyl alcohol-poly (10) -ethylene glycol ether (B12) <CEL AL = L> hexadecanol poly (10) ethylene glycol ether (B13) stearyl alcohol poly (8) ethylene glycol ether <CEL AL = L> (B21) oleic acid (B22) oleyl / cetyl alcohol poly (12) ethylene glycol acetic acid Sodium </TABLE>

Protective colloid

(C1) stearyl alcohol poly (40) ethylene glycol ether.

To prepare the following dispersions, the components mentioned are stirred into the melted wax in the order given. <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 1 Dispersion (D1) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 4.73 parts <CEL AL = L> dipropylene glycol 1.60 parts dispersant (B11) 0.23 parts <CEL AL = L> potassium hydroxide 1.03 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.41 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 9. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 2 Dispersion (D2) 7.00 parts wax (A2) 4.73 parts <CEL AL = L> dipropylene glycol 1.60 parts dispersant (B11) 0.23 parts <CEL AL = L> potassium hydroxide 1.03 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.41 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 10.3. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 3 Dispersion (D3) 7.00 parts wax (A5) 4.73 parts <CEL AL = L> dipropylene glycol 1.60 parts dispersant (B11) 0.23 parts <CEL AL = L> potassium hydroxide 1.03 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.41 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 10.4. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 4 Dispersion (D4) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 4.73 parts <CEL AL = L> Dipropylene glycol 1.60 parts Dispergator (B12) 0.23 parts <CEL AL = L> Potassium hydroxide 1.03 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.41 parts <CEL AL = L> water PH 9. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 5 Dispersion (D5) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 4.73 parts <CEL AL = L> dipropylene glycol 1.60 parts dispersant (B13) 0.23 parts <CEL AL = L> potassium hydroxide 1.03 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.41 parts <CEL AL = L> water PH 9. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 6 Dispersion (D6) 7.00 parts wax (A3) 1.75 parts <CEL AL = L> Dispergator (B11) 0.15 parts potassium hydroxide 91.10 parts < CEL AL = L> water pH adjusted with a little glacial acetic acid from 10 to 8.5. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 7 Dispersion (D7) 7.00 parts wax (A4) 1.33 parts <CEL AL = L> Dispergator (B11) 0.11 part potassium hydroxide 91.56 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 7.9. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 8 Dispersion (D8) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 1.23 parts <CEL AL = L> Dispergator (B21) 1.23 parts morpholine 90.54 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 9.2. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 9 Dispersion (D9) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 1.23 parts <CEL AL = L> Dispergator (B22) 1.23 parts morpholine 90.54 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 9.4. </TABLE> <TABLE> Columns = 3 Example 10 Dispersion (D10) 7.00 parts wax (A1) 4.78 parts <CEL AL = L> Dipropylene glycol 1.62 parts Dispergator (B22) 0.24 parts <CEL AL = L> potassium hydroxide 1.04 parts protective colloid (C1) 85.32 parts <CEL AL = L> water pH 9.4. </TABLE>

The with the dispersions (D1) to (D10) according to the above-mentioned measuring method on caustic cotton cretonne, in a liquor containing 2 g / l of the respective dispersion (D1) to (D10) and 50 g / l sodium sulfate, in the liquor ratio: Substrate = 20: 1, coefficients of friction mu S and mu K determined at 50 ° C. are as follows (reproducibility: <+/-> 2%)

<TABLE> Columns = 5 Head Col 1: Dispersion Head Col 2: mu S Head Col 3: Reduction in% Head Col 4: mu K Head Col 5: Reduction in% without 1.37 - 1.16 (SEP) <- > (TB> (D1) <CEL AL = L> 1.08 21 0.90 22 (D2) 1.10 20 0.97 16 <CEL AL = L> (D3) 1.14 17 1.00 14 ( D4) 1.12 18 0.97 <CEL AL = L> 16 (D5) 1.06 23 0.91 22 (D6) 1.04 24 <CEL AL = L> 0.92 21 (D7) 1.06 23 0.93 20 (D8) 1.14 <CEL AL = L> 17 0.97 16 (D9) 1.09 21 0.95 18 (D10) <CEL AL = L> 1.13 18 0.98 15 </TABLE>

Application example A [Dyeing of pure cotton with reactive dyes - cold dye - in the reel vat]

100 parts of cotton fabric are introduced into 1600 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 40 ° C. which contains 120 parts of sodium sulfate and 3 parts of dispersion (D1). A solution of 3.3 parts of C.I. is added to the bath. Reactive Red 147 in 100 parts of water is added and the apparatus is run at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then 20 parts of a 10% sodium carbonate solution are added 5 times at 5 minute intervals. It is then heated to 60 ° C. and dyeing is carried out at this temperature for a further 30 minutes. After the usual finishing (rinsing, washing), a very level red dyeing with an excellent appearance is obtained.

In a manner analogous to the dispersion (D1), in application example A, the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example B [Dyeing of pure cotton with reactive dyes - hot dyes - in the nozzle dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)]

100 parts of cotton fabric are introduced into 800 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 80 ° C. and containing 70 parts of sodium sulfate and 2 parts of dispersion (D1). A solution of 3.1 parts of C.I. is added to the bath. Reactive Blue 52 in 100 parts of water and the liquor is heated to 95.degree. After 30 minutes at this temperature, 4 parts of a 3% NaOH solution are added 5 times at intervals of 5 minutes each time, and the dyeing is carried out for a further 40 minutes. After finishing in the usual way (rinsing, washing) you get a very level and calm blue color.

In a manner analogous to the dispersion (D1), in application example B the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example C [Dyeing of pure cotton with sulfur dyes in the nozzle dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)]

100 parts of cotton fabric are introduced into 800 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 40 ° C. and containing 2 parts of dispersion (D1), 10 parts of a 30% strength NaOH solution, 3 parts of soda and 10 parts of glucose. A solution of 15 parts of pre-reduced C.I. is then added to the bath. Sulfur Black 1 in 100 parts of water is added and the mixture is heated to 95.degree. When this temperature is reached, 100 parts of a 25% sodium chloride solution are added and the dyeing is carried out for a further 40 minutes. After cooling to 70 ° C., the dyebath is drained off and the goods are rinsed 4 times hot and 2 times cold.

In a manner analogous to dispersion (D1), in application example C, the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example D [Dyeing of pure cotton with direct dyes in the reel vat]

100 parts of cotton fabric are introduced into 1600 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 40 ° C. and containing 3 parts of dispersion (D1). A solution of 1.2 parts of C.I. is then added to the bath. Direct Violet 66 in 100 parts of water is added and the mixture is heated to 95.degree. When this temperature is reached, 100 parts of a 15% strength sodium sulfate solution are added over 20 minutes and the dyeing is carried out for a further 30 minutes at constant temperature. After cooling to 70 ° C., the bath is drained and the goods are rinsed hot and cold several times. A level violet dyeing with a very calm appearance is obtained.

In a manner analogous to dispersion (D1), in application example D, the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example E [Dyeing polyester / cotton blends with disperse dyes and direct dyes im Nozzle dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)]

100 parts of polyester / cotton blend fabric 67/33 are introduced into 900 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 50 ° C. and containing 1.5 parts of dispersion (D1) and 10 parts of sodium sulfate. A dispersion of 0.35 parts Foron Yellow Brown RD-2RS, 0.09 parts C.I. is then added to the bath. Disperse Red 73 and 0.11 part Foron Blue RD-GLF and a solution of 0.2 part C.I. Direct Yellow 162, 0.09 parts C.I. Direct Red 83: 1 and 0.33 parts C.I. Direct Brown 240 in 50 parts of water. After the pH has been adjusted to 5 with acetic acid, the bath is heated from 50 ° C. to 130 ° C. at a rate of 1.5 ° C./min and the dyeing is continued at 130 ° C. for a further 30 minutes. It is then cooled from 130 ° C. to 70 ° C. and the dyeing is completed in the usual way (rinsing, washing). A very level and calm brown coloration is obtained.

In a manner analogous to the dispersion (D1), the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used in application example E.

Application example F [Dyeing polyester / cotton blends with disperse dyes and direct dyes in the jet dyeing machine (Rotostream THYSS)]

The process described in application example E is carried out in a Rotostream nozzle dyeing machine from THYSS with a liquor: product ratio = 10: 1, on 200 kg polyester / cotton mixed fabric 67/33, with 200 l liquor and at 2 liquor circulations / minute (ie repeated with a liquor circulation of 4000 l / minute). A very even and calm brown coloration is also obtained.

Application example G [Dyeing polyester / viscose blended fabrics with disperse dyes and direct dyes im Nozzle dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)]

100 parts of a 70/30 polyester / viscose blend fabric are introduced into 900 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 50 ° C. which contains 1 part of dispersion (D1) and 60 parts of sodium sulfate. A solution of 0.35 parts C.I. is then added to the bath. Reactive Blue 41 and 0.73 parts of C.I. Reactive Green 12 in 50 parts of water; After 20 minutes, a solution of 1.5 parts of soda in 50 parts of water is added and dyeing is continued at 50 ° C. for a further 20 minutes. Then a dispersion of 0.073 parts C.I. Disperse Yellow 54 and 0.53 parts of C.I. Disperse Blue 60 in 50 parts of water is added to the bath and the mixture is heated from 50 ° C. to 130 ° C. at a heating rate of 1.5 ° C./min. The dyeing is carried out for a further 45 minutes at 130 ° C. and then the bath is cooled to 60 ° C. at a cooling rate of 2 ° C./min. After finishing in the usual way (rinsing, washing) you get a very level green color with a perfect appearance.

In a manner analogous to the dispersion (D1), in application example G, the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example H [Dyeing polyester / cotton blends with disperse dyes and direct dyes im Nozzle dyeing machine (Rotostream THYSS)]

The process described in application example G is carried out in a Rotostream nozzle dyeing machine from THYSS with a liquor: product ratio of 10: 1, on 200 kg polyester / viscose wool mixed fabric 70/30, with 200 l liquor and at 2 liquor circulations / minute (ie at a liquor circulation of 4000 l / minute) repeated. A very even green coloration with a perfect appearance of the goods is also obtained.

Application example J [Bleaching in the nozzle dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)]

100 parts of boiled cotton fabric are introduced into a jet containing 900 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 50 ° C. A dispersion of 2 parts of dispersion (D1) in 33 parts of water, a solution of 1.2 parts of caustic soda in 33 parts of water and a solution of 3 parts of hydrogen peroxide 35% by weight in 33 parts of water are then added to the bath. The liquor is then heated to 95 ° C. and the goods are treated at this temperature for 45 minutes. After cooling at 70 ° C., the bath is drained and the goods are rinsed hot and cold. A bleached fabric is obtained without chafing.

In a manner analogous to dispersion (D1), in application example J, the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D10) is used.

Application example H [cationic aftertreatment of direct dyeing in the reel vat]

1500 parts of a 50 ° C. liquor containing 3 parts of dispersion (D1) and 3 parts of a polycationic fixative (condensation product of 1 mol of diethylenetriamine and 1 mol of dicyandiamide, protonated with sulfuric acid) are added to the violet coloration obtained in application example D. The dyeing is treated for 30 minutes at constant temperature and then, after draining off the liquor, rinsed several times with cold fresh water. A very level violet dyeing with good wet fastness properties is obtained.

In a manner analogous to the dispersion (D1), in application example H the same amount of each of the dispersions (D2) to (D7) is used.

Claims (9)

1. A method for treating textile fabrics with a textile treatment agent (T) in an aqueous liquor under conditions which would otherwise favor the formation of creases in the textile substrate or the occurrence of friction in or on the substrate, characterized in that in addition to the textile treatment agent (T) uses a wet lubricant which is an aqueous dispersion (D) of a wax (W) dispersed in the aqueous phase with the aid of a dispersant (B), in which (D) the wax (W) (A) is an oxidized hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of oxidized hydrocarbon waxes which has an acid number> / = 5, and the dispersant (B) is a nonionic, anionic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture of two or more such surfactants which has an HLB> / = 7, and the dispersion (D) contains no or at least one protective colloid (C) but is essentially free from waxes other than (A) and from surfactants other than (B) and (C), and the dispersion (D) at the end of the Process is washed out of the non-dried substrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (D) contains a protective colloid (C). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that (D) contains at least one agent (E) for pH adjustment, at least one antifreeze (F) and / or at least one preservative (G). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that (B) (B1) is a nonionic surfactant or a mixture of nonionic surfactants, with HLB> / = 7. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the substrate contains cellulose. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that (D) is used as a wet lubricant in the dyeing of optionally modified cotton in reel runners or jet dyeing machines. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that (D) is used in a concentration which corresponds to 0.01 to 2 g (W) per liter of liquor. 8. Silicone-free wet lubricant, which is an aqueous dispersion (D) of a wax (W) dispersed in the aqueous phase with the aid of a dispersant (B), wherein in (D)  the wax (W) (A) is an oxidized hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of oxidized hydrocarbon waxes which has an acid number> / = 5,  and the dispersant (B) is a nonionic or anionic surfactant or a mixture of two or more such surfactants which has an HLB> / = 7,  and the dispersion (D) contains no or at least one protective colloid (C), but is essentially free of waxes other than (A) and of surfactants other than (B) and (C). 9. wet lubricant according to claim 8 consisting essentially of (W), (B) and water and optionally at least one of the additives (C), (E), (F), and (G).